Abstract:

Japan has had water contamination problems in some lakes along with industrial and agricultural development as well as population growth since the late 60 s. Ministry of Environment Government of Japan developed a “lake water quality protection special measures law” in order to protect lake water quality. At the same time, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan developed a series of strategies and environmental-friendly agricultural production technical measures, such as “agricultural environmental practices”, “sustainable agricultural modes of production,” “farmland, water, environmental protection measures” in the lake regions to promote the water quality protection and sustainable development. The formation, implementation and development of water quality protection countermeasures were introduced based on the Biwa and Kasumigaura Lakes experiences in this paper, and the status, effectiveness and problems of the environmental-friendly agricultural policy were presented also. This review will provide enlightenment on sustainable agricultural development and water environment protection for China.

Key words: Japan, lake water quality protection, environmental-friendly agriculture, organic agriculture

摘要：

日本自60年代后期,随着工农业发展和人口增加,在水资源丰富的湖泊周边地区由于污染物的过量排放导致湖泊水体污染。日本环境省为了保护湖泊水质,制定了“湖泊水质保护特别措施法”。同时,农林水产省在湖泊地区相继制定了“农业环境规范”、“可持续农业生产方式”、“农田、水体、环保对策”等一系列环境友好型农业综合生产技术措施,促进湖泊地区水质保护和该地区农业可持续发展。围绕日本两大代表性湖泊琵琶湖和霞浦湖,介绍了日本湖泊地区水质保护综合对策的形成、成效及其发展,以及在此基础上环保型农业政策体系的提出、发展和实施效果,以及环保型农业政策指导下的湖泊保护对策及目标等;并指出了日本环保型农业存在的问题,以期为我国探索农业可持续发展之路提供更多的启示。

关键词: 日本;湖泊水质保护;环保型农业;有机农业