Abstract:

For clarifying the characteristics of nitrogen absorption and utilization under water-saving cultivation and traditional irrigation in winter wheat region of North China Plain, a two years experiment was conducted with 4 water treatments: no irrigation (W0), irrigation at jointing stage (W1), irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages (W2), irrigation at re-greening, booting, anthesis and filling stages (W4) based on the irrigation before sowing in 2008-2010, so as to test plant nitrogen absorption and yield at different growing periods. The results indicated that the highest winter wheat yield occurred in water-saving treatments (W1 in 2008/2009, W2 in 2009/2010). N accumulation amount increased along with the raising of irrigation rate, the highest was obtained by traditional irrigation treatment (W4). Compared with the traditional irrigation, water-saving irrigation accelerated N accumulation process of winter wheat; promoted N accumulated before anthesis to reallocate to grain; increased N harvest index and physiological utilization efficiency. Therefore, water-saving cultivation has not only decreased water consumption and achieved high-yielding, but also improved the characteristics of N absorption and utilization of winter wheat.

Key words: winter wheat, water-saving cultivation, nitrogen accumulation, characteristics of N utilization

摘要：

为了明确华北地区冬小麦节水栽培与传统灌溉条件下氮素吸收利用特征，2008-2010年，在灌溉底墒水的基础上，设置4个水分处理：春不灌水（W0）、拔节水（W1）、拔节水+开花水（W2）和起身水+孕穗水+开花水+灌浆水（W4），测定不同生育时期植株氮素吸收量和产量。结果表明，冬小麦最高产量2年均在节水栽培处理（W1和W2）获得，氮积累量则随着灌水量的增加而增加，传统灌溉处理最高。与传统灌溉相比，节水灌溉加快了冬小麦氮素积累进程，促进了花前积累氮素向籽粒的再分配，提高了氮收获指数和生理利用效率。可见，冬小麦节水栽培在实现节水高产的同时，也改善了氮素吸收利用特性。

关键词: 冬小麦;节水栽培;氮积累;氮利用特征