Abstract:

In order to clarify the fertilisation and early development or the progression of unfertilised eggs in the oviduct of domestic farm animals, four transplant studies are described in the study. ① Pig eggs transplanted from ovulations induced during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle were fertilised in the oviducts of inseminated oestrous animals. By contrast, pig eggs from oestrous donors became highly polyspermic when transplanted to the oviducts of animals forcemated during the luteal phase. ② Pig embryos at the stage of hatched blastocysts (7 d and 8 d) could be transplanted successfully to synchronous recipients and full embryonic development be demonstrated between 19 d and 23 d. Thus, the exposed trophectoderm of enlarging embryos could withstand the physical manipulation of recovery and transplantation, and the lifespan of corpora lutea in the unmated recipients could be prolonged after 7 d and 8 d transfered. ③ Bovine oocytes aspirated from 2~6 mm diameter Graafian follicles and matured in vitro were fertilised normally in the oviducts of inseminated recipient heifers, demonstrating the potential of slaughterhouse ovaries for the generation of embryos. ④ Transplanting equine eggs to a pig oviduct, in which egg descent to the uterus requires only 46~48 h, did not reveal a retarded progress of degenerating unfertilised horse eggs, suggesting the involvement of nonphysical factors in equine embryo progression to the uterus. Prostaglandins of embryonic origin are now known to be a key. A final section examines the postovulatory rle of ovarian follicular cells on the secretory activity of the oviduct epithelium. Based on above results, egg transfer is an effective vintage analytical tool in domestic animals.

Key words: Eggembryo, oviduct, uterus, oocyte, cumulus cell

摘要：

为了阐明家畜受精及早期发育或者输卵管内未受精卵的变化过程，记述了4种卵-胚胎移植方面的研究：①将来自发情黄体期的猪卵母细胞移植到授精动物的输卵管内，可获得受精结果，但将卵移植到已经交配的猪输卵管内会导致多精受精。②把第7~8 d的猪孵化囊胚移植到同期处理的受体内，可以观察到胚胎成功发育到19~23 d。证明失去滋养外胚层的扩张囊胚可以承受移植的物理操作并保持发育能力，而且未交配受体的黄体寿命可以在第7 d和第8 d支持移植胚胎发育。③取2~6 mm直径发育卵泡的牛卵母细胞经体外成熟可以在授精小母牛的输卵管内正常受精，表明其具有受精和胚胎发育能力。④将马的卵母细胞移植到猪的输卵管内，卵母细胞到达子宫的时间仅需46~48 h，在此过程中没有发现未受精马卵的退化现象，暗示了输卵管中存在维持卵子生理机能的因子。综上所述，卵移植是研究家畜早期发育的有效分析技术。

关键词: 卵-胚胎;输卵管;子宫;卵母细胞;卵丘细胞