Table of Content

15 February 2013, Volume 15 Issue 1

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Thoughts of Chinas Food Security Strategy in the New Era

LIU Xu

2013, 15(1):  1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.01

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To ensure food security is Chinas primary goal of the national economic and social development. China has few farmlands and insufficient agricultural resources comparing with its large amount of population, as well as low percapita quantity of resources comparing with the world average. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to implement the national strategy for food security. Based on the analysis of the new conception of food security and global food security situation, this paper analyzed the food security situation in China, characters of grain production, characteristics and requirement of enhancing comprehensive production capacity. Finally, the paper also proposed some policy recommendations as reinforcing policy support, promoting scientific and technological support, exploring service system and guiding scientific consumption on the background of overall goal and longterm strategic conception of Chinas food security strategy.

Problem, Opportunity &|Strategy of Modern Bioseed Industry in China

LV Yu-ping

2013, 15(1):  7-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.02

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Seed industry is the core of agriculture. It has great importance for guarantee the grain security in China. This paper analyzed a series key issue that restrict the development of China modern bioseed industry as shortage of professional talents, backward technology, insufficient research and development (R&D) investment, faultage of R&D chain, and the commercialized breeding system led by enterprises not being established. The paper also pointed out a number of advantages facing the bioseed industry such as favorable new policies, abundant capital and good internal and external environment.  Chinese bioseed industry will usher in a new development opportunity. Before ending, the authors suggested the strategy for the revitalization of national seed industry and security of national food supply by constructing a new commercialized breeding system relying on the capital and talent advancement, and creating international competitive “seed industry aircraft carrier” by integrating resources.

Effect of Fertilization Technology and its Prospects in Grain Yield Increasing in China

CHU Qing-he

2013, 15(1):  12-19.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.03

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Recently, although the unit grain yield and total grain output in China have been increasing, the grain yield increasing rate under unit fertilizer is dropping sharply. The level of unit production is far below that in demonstration cropland. In order to explore the scientific measures and methods for improving level of unit yield, and to apply research findings of new fertilization theory, this paper analyzes the rule for increasing grain unit  yield the influencing factors since 1978. The result indicates that the grain unit yield is increased step by step, which promotes crop varietys update  through increasing the applying quantity of fertilizer step by step. Fertilizer tolerance and fertilizer utilization efficiency are the basic characteristics of crop variety. The highest yield is an expressing form of crop variety characteristics under suitable fertilization. To realize the sustainable increasing of yield, key measures are to adjust the applying ratio between nitrogen and phosphorus, to increase the phosphorus applying quantity, and to increase crop planting density at the same time. From the long run, we should use new fertilizer applying technology and  balance fertilization in soils with different fertilizer levels,which are the orientation for us to realize sustainables grain yield increasing.

Development of Chinas Maize Industry, Challenges in the Future and Policy Suggestions

QIU Huanguang1, ZHANG Shihuang2, YANG Jun1, JING Yue1

2013, 15(1):  20-24.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.04

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In the past thirty years, Chinas maize production has been keeping growing, and now maize has become the largest crop in China in terms of both output and production area. Because the growth rate of maize demand is higher than that of production, China has become a net importer of maize since 2010, and the import volume has been increasing. This study used CAPSiM model projected Chinas maize future supply and demand. The results show that Chinas future supply and demand of maize will continue to grow, but demand will grow faster. China may have to import more maize in the future to fulfill its increasing maize demand. Based on discussions on the challenges of Chinas future maize production, this paper proposes policy measures to promote Chinas maize production in the next decades.

Progress in Dwarf Malesterile Wheat Breeding Technology System

LIU Hongwei, LIU Binghua, ZHOU Yang*, YANG Li, WANG Shanhong

2013, 15(1):  25-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.05

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Dwarf malesterile (DS) wheat carries Ms2, the Taigu malesterile gene, and RhtD1c dwarfing gene, a genetic marker for the male sterility and the two genes are closely linked on the short arm of chromosome 4D. The progeny of DS wheat always segregates in 1∶1 for malesterile plants with RhtD1c and malefertile plants without RhtD1c, so it provides an ideal tool for wheat recurrent selection breeding program. Using DS wheat, a convenient and effective method has been established in recurrent selection called DS wheat breeding system. The DS wheat breeding system has been successfully used in wheat breeding programs in China. The great progress in molecular biology in recent years make it possible to further improve DS wheat breeding system, and vice versa, the DS wheat breeding system can serve as a high efficient platform for the molecular breeding technology to be used in wheat breeding program, and the combination of the DS wheat breeding system with the molecular breeding technology may significantly increase the wheat breeding efficiency. This paper reviewed the progress in DS wheat breeding system and discussed its future development.

Present Status and Development Countermeasures of Peanut Seed Industry

ZHANG Zhimeng1, DAI Liangxiang1, LI Mei2, YU Quigong3, ZHANG Yufeng1, WAN Sh

2013, 15(1):  30-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.06

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Peanut is an important oil and cash crop. Peanut seed used is over 1.2 million tons every year, which accounts for 7%~8% of the total peanut production in China. Peanut seed market has become one of the focal point in seed enterprise competition. How should the peanut seed industry adapt to the new situation and how to develop peanut seed industry more rapidly and vigorously in China have become urgent problems to solve. Starting from the status quo of peanut seed industry, this paper discussed the significance of developing peanut seed industry and the dynamic force of this development. According to the status quo and existing problems of peanut seed industry, we put forward the following countermeasures as: raising the coverage of new peanut varieties; improving the peanut seed processing level of mechanization and competitiveness of enterprises; perfecting seed market supervision and creating a fair competition environment. These were the development orientations of peanut seed industry in the future.

True Case Study on Factors Influencing Chinas Major Oil Crops Output

MIAO Shuiqing1, JIA Wei1, GUO Wenshuai2

2013, 15(1):  38-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.07

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CD production function model was used to estimate the impact of investments and technological progress on Chinas main oilseeds production from 1995 to 2011. The results showed that the progress in agricultural technology had made remarkable contribution to oil crop yield increase, and the growth rate gained from technical progress was showing an increasing trend, among which oilseed got higher growth rate than peanut and soyabean. Expanding oil crop planting acreage had made the most distinct contribution to its yield increase. Disaster rate and price index of agricultural products had negative effects on major oil crop yields. Essential inputs had remarkable influence on oil crop yield. This paper also put forward several policy suggestions according to the reseach findings.

Research Progress on Rice Blade Veins Development

ZOU Liangping, PENG Ming*

2013, 15(1):  43-47.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.08

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Apart from transportation of nutrients and water, veins on leaves directly provide a mechanical support for blades in maintaining proper morphological architecture, thus exert normal physiological function. The width of leaf is positively correlative to the number of leaf vein in rice. Furthermore, the leaf width, length and erect index determine the plant photosynthetic efficiency. As a consequence, it is very significant to uncover the functional mechanism of vascular tissue in rice growth and development. This review mainly focuses on current findings about cytological and molecular mechanism of vascular development in rice, which expected to provide reference for researchers.

Construction of a Vector for an Optimized epsps Gene from Abutilon theophrasti Medic Promoted by Multitypes of Promoters and its Transformation

ZHANG Shasha, ZHANG Rui, ZHOU Tao, GUO Sandui*

2013, 15(1):  48-54.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.09

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Genetically modified glyphosateresistant (GR) crops are widely commercialized GM crops in the world. However, cotton stamens are sensitive to glyphosate treatment, resulting in poor pollination and boll abortion and less cotton yield. To further improve the glyphosateresistance trait of cotton and reproductive abnormalities in GR cotton, we employed a strategy in which the optimized epsps gene from Abutilon theophrasti Medic were driven by 3 promoters of tandem coexpression, including constitutive promoter CaMV35S, cotton reproductive organs referential expression promoter arf1 and glyphosateinduced promoter ag2. The construct was introduced into cotton via Agrobacterium based flower dipping approach. Eight T0 generation glyphosateresistant plants were obtained after glyphosate screening, and their reproductive development were normal. PCR and RTPCR results suggested that the epsps gene had successfully integrated into the cotton genome and had expressed correctly. These results indicated the possibilities of broadening the expression scope about a gene promoted by different types of promoters, so as to obtaining our own genetically modified GR cotton.

Preliminary Identification of A111 as a New Species in Gossypium Based on Chloroplast Sequences

FENG Kun1, LIU Fang1, CAI Xiaoyan1, LI Shaohui1, ZHOU Zhongli1, ZHANG Xianli

2013, 15(1):  55-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.10

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A111 is a new cotton material in Gossypium collected from Australia and its taxonomy classification is still unknown. To identify its differences with extant Gossypium species from Australia and other parts of the world, its cpDNA properties by referencing other 24 Gossypium species (or varietas) were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that 8 out of 15 candidates cpDNA fragments were suitable for phylogenetic analysis and identification of Gossypium spp. based on their higher variety and higher species resolution. Among the fragments, rps16 exhibited the highest species resolution (100%). The phylogenetic analysis based on the combination of 8 cpDNA fragments had successfully distinguished each species. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that there were 2 main clades in Gossypium and A111 was the sister to G. nelsonni on the branch of Australian Ggenome. However, A111 owned some special InDels, which was completely different from the other Gossypium species after sequence alignment. In conclusion, our results suggested that A111 may be a new Gossypium species from Australia after preliminary identification and has a close genetic relationship with G. nelsonni.

EggEmbryo Transfer: An Analytical Tool for Vintage Experiments in Domestic Farm Animals

Hunter R H F1, LI Xihe2,3*

2013, 15(1):  65-70.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.11

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In order to clarify the fertilisation and early development or the progression of unfertilised eggs in the oviduct of domestic farm animals, four transplant studies are described in the study. ① Pig eggs transplanted from ovulations induced during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle were fertilised in the oviducts of inseminated oestrous animals. By contrast, pig eggs from oestrous donors became highly polyspermic when transplanted to the oviducts of animals forcemated during the luteal phase. ② Pig embryos at the stage of hatched blastocysts (7 d and 8 d) could be transplanted successfully to synchronous recipients and full embryonic development be demonstrated between 19 d and 23 d. Thus, the exposed trophectoderm of enlarging embryos could withstand the physical manipulation of recovery and transplantation, and the lifespan of corpora lutea in the unmated recipients could be prolonged after 7 d and 8 d transfered. ③ Bovine oocytes aspirated from 2~6 mm diameter Graafian follicles and matured in vitro were fertilised normally in the oviducts of inseminated recipient heifers, demonstrating the potential of slaughterhouse ovaries for the generation of embryos. ④ Transplanting equine eggs to a pig oviduct, in which egg descent to the uterus requires only 46~48 h, did not reveal a retarded progress of degenerating unfertilised horse eggs, suggesting the involvement of nonphysical factors in equine embryo progression to the uterus. Prostaglandins of embryonic origin are now known to be a key. A final section examines the postovulatory rle of ovarian follicular cells on the secretory activity of the oviduct epithelium. Based on above results, egg transfer is an effective vintage analytical tool in domestic animals.

Molecular Mechanisms of TachyplesinⅠRole on Genomic DNA and RNA of Escherichia coli

HONG Jun, HU Jianye, WANG Fumei, CHEN Lanying*, WANG Zhe

2013, 15(1):  71-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.12

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In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of tachyplesinⅠrole on bacterial genome, the genomic DNA and RNA binding ability of tachyplesinⅠwas examined by agarose gel retardation electrophoresis, fluorescence and UV spectroscopy in this experiment. The results indicated that tachyplesinⅠhad effect on genomic DNA in a concentrationdependent manner, and the high concentrations of tachyplesinⅠ(above or equal to 80 μg/mL) could lead to genomic DNA breaking. TachyplesinⅠcould combine with genomic DNA and RNA, and inhibit their migration. The mode of combining tachyplesinⅠand genomic DNA needs further study. The results provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the sterilization mechanism of tachyplesinⅠat molecular level.

Optimization of Fermentation Medium for εPolylysine Production by Recombinant Streptomyces sp. FEEL1

WANG Liang1,2, LI Shu1,2, MAO Zhonggui1,2*, ZHAO Fulin3

2013, 15(1):  76-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.13

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PBCCD response surface methodology was applied to optimize the 6 major compounds of the εpolylysineproducing fermentation medium(M3G)for Streptomyces sp.FEEL1. PB experiment showed  yeast extract, K2HPO4 and MgSO4 played important roles for εPL production. Combining with the results of the steep ascent test and the central composite design, the optimum concentrations of factors were determined as follows: glucose 50 g/L, yeast extract 7.54 g/L, (NH4)2SO4 5 g/L, KH2PO4 1 g/L, K2HPO4 2.48 g/L, MgSO4 2 g/L, ZnSO4 0.03 g/L,FeSO4 0.03 g/L. Under such condition, the concentration of εPL in shake flask increased to 1.62 g/L. On the basis of above result, singlefactor experiment was employed to optimize the trace elements ZnSO4 and FeSO4. ZnSO4 showed no influence on the production of εPL while 0.06 g/L of FeSO4 could increase the production of εPL to 1.73 g/L, which was 57.2% higher than that in M3G medium. The εPL yield reached to 876 g/L in 5L fermenter by controlling pH, which was increased by 41.1 % compared to that in M3G medium.

Adjustment of Primary Farmland Based on GIS —&mdash|A Case Study of Guanling County, Guizhou Province

CHEN Longjiang1, LUO Haibo1*, ZHAO Qianyu2, JIANG Guanxu1

2013, 15(1):  84-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.14

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The adjustment of primary farmland plays an important role in the revision of General Land Use Planning. The purpose of this paper is to apply GIS in primary farmland protection work and to explore a new method of the adjustment of primary farmland in General Land Use Planning. The method is to extract information of relative layers from the database, then to use “erase”, “clip” and “statistic” tools to analyze the information in GIS platform and to adjust primary farmland according to the requirements. Taking the adjustment of primary farmland in Guanling County, Guizhou Province as an example, applying the above methods, the quantity of primary farmland in Guanling County met the index of superiors and the distribution was reasonable. The result met the requirement of General Land Use Planning and got through the detection of quality control software. It was concluded that the method of the adjustment of primary farmland could be optimized with GIS platform. We could learn some experience from the study in the future primary farmland planning work.

Solutions on Science and Technology Innovation Driven Development of Food Industry in China

WEI Xun1,2§, ZHU Huaping1,3§, SUN Kangtai1, HE Ronghai1,4, ZHANG Bo1,5, CHE D

2013, 15(1):  91-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.15

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In order to analyze and promote the science and technology innovation of food industry in China, based on the food industry chain and the innovation chain theories, the importance of science and technology innovation on food industry  was discussed, and the development status especially new characteristics of food industry science and technology in the new century were analyzed. According to the guidelines of “the livelihood of the people, innovationdriven, nutrition and health, safety and quality, high efficient and green”, strategy framework, main task and key direction of science and technology innovation for the food industry were explored, and the corresponding security measures and policy suggestions to promote food industry science and technology innovation were also discussed.

Effects of Sinksource Structures on Filling of Superior and Inferior Spikelets of Midseason Hybrid Rice

XU Fuxian, GUO Xiaoyi, ZHANG Lin, XIONG Hong, ZHU Yongchuan, LIU Mao, ZHOU Xi

2013, 15(1):  96-101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.16

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Taking G46A/10 Zhi 12 and Neixiang 6A/10 Zhi 5 of midseason hybrid rice combinations grown under 2 levels of nitrogen application as experimental material, this paper studied the effects of sinksource structures on the filling of superior and inferior spikelets. The results indicated that superior spikelets filled fast, and grain weight entered the slow increasing into growth period 10~15 days earlier than that of inferior spikelets. There were no of superior spike lets significant differences in filling rate between superior spikelets and inferior spikelets. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application was not conducive to grain filling. “Source” shortage is the main reason for poor grain filling of inferior spikelets. The filling rate of inferior spikelets can reach or exceed the superior spikelets of the normal growth plants in filling rate, if the supply quantity of “source” is increased to a certain degree.

Inhibition Effect of Extract of Daphne giraldii nitsche and Siberian Coeklebu:Fruit on Wheat Stripe Rust

YE Wenbin1, ZHANG Heping1*, FAN Liang2

2013, 15(1):  102-108.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.17

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Wheat stripe rust is one of the most damaging wheat plant diseases. In this study, different concentration gradients of Daphne giraldii nitsche and Siberian Coeklebu:Fruit extracts were used to control rust sporangium germination and mycelial growth. The results showed that two kinds of herbal medicine aqueous extract inhibited the growth of sporangium germination and mycelia of rust. With 0.50 g/mL concentration of Daphne giraldii nitsche and Siberian Coeklebu: Fruit, inhibiting rates of wheat stripe rust spore germination were 69.29% and 64.44%, and inhibiting rates of mycelial growth were 5.44% and 44.77%,  respectively. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that spraying these two kinds of herbal medicine aqueous extracts had significant preventive effect on stripe rust fungi at both seedling and maturity stages.

Effects of Drought Stress on Soybean Stomatal Characteristics and Photosynthetic Parameter

WANG Chunyan1, PANG Yanmei2, LI Maosong1*, WANG Xiufen1

2013, 15(1):  109-115.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.18

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The effects of different degrees water stress on soybean stomatal and photosynthetic characteristics were investigated based on watering experimentation in selfmade pot. The results showed that with the increasing of water stress intensity, soybean stomatal length, width, perimeter, and area all decreased, while the stomatal density showed an increasing trend. Under slight water stress, the average daily value of soybean leaf blade Pn was higher, while under sufficient irrigation, its Fv/Fm value was higher. There were no significant differences between chlorophyll contents by different water stress treatment. Under different water stress, no significant correlationship was found between the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductivity. While there was no significant correlationship between stomatal conductivity and single stomatal characteristics, indicating that the stomatal conductivity was one of the factors limiting soybean photosynthetic ability. In this experiment, the optimum soil relative moisture content was 60%~65%. The falling of photosynthesis rate is brought by stomatal limitation. When soil relative moisture content is below 60%, the nonstomatal limitation emerged. When the relative soil moisture content was 35%~40%, the nonstomatal limitation gradually became a dominant factor in declining soybean leaf blade photosynthesis ability, which could lead to harm of photosynthesis organ.

Combining Ability Evaluation and Heritability Analysis of Several Traits of Two Novel Millet Sterile Lines

XIA Xueyan1, LIU Zhengli1, CHENG Ruhong1, ZHANG Ting1, REN Xiaoli1, WANG Yan

2013, 15(1):  116-122.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.19

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Taking Gu10A and Gu11A as sterile materials and millet varieties from different ecotope as recovery materials, this study analyzed the combining ability and heritability of these 2 novel foxtail millet sterile lines and different ecotope restorers by incomplete diallel cross method, so as to provide basis for sterile line breeding and selecting optimal combination. The results show that ① Sterile Gu10As general combining ability is higher, and restorers with higher general combining ability are K1011, Richaogu, JinGu 21, JiGu 26, Datong 28 and Jigu 24. The special combining abilities of Gu10A with Jingu 14 and Datong 28 combinations are higher; although sterile Gu11As general combining ability is low, its special combining abilities with Richaogu or Jigu 26 and K1011 combinations are higher than others. ② The heritability analysis indicates that the heritabilities of plant height, yield, thousand kernel weight, and spike length in F1 group are larger, because the environment impact is small. The selection for these traits is effective. The narrowsense heritabilities of spike weight, spike diameter, spike grain weight, thousand kernel weight and yield are lower, indicating that the dominant and epistatic effects in F1 group greatly influence these characteristics; and plant height and spike length of these 2 traits in F1 group are mainly caused by gene additive effect.

Progress in Tobacco Potassium Nutrition

YAN Huifeng1, SHI Yi1*, LI Naihui2, ZHANG Yongchun2

2013, 15(1):  123-129.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.20

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Potassium is an important mineral nutrient in tobacco plant, which is closely related to the quality of tobacco leaves. Compared with the high grade tobacco in international market, the quality of tobacco made in China is lower, and one of the important reasons is the lower potassium content in tobacco leaves. Therefore, studies on tobacco potassium nutrition become one of the major concerns in agricultural science and technology. This paper expounds the actuality of studies on tobacco potassium nutrition in China from the aspects of potassium balance in tobacco production, spatial and temporal variation characteristics in potassium contents of tobacco leaves, factors influencing potassium content in tobacco leaves, and potassium uptake and distribution in tobacco plants, etc.. The paper also briefly analyzes  the reasons for the uneven effects of improvement measures, and discusses the inadequacy and theoretical gaps in current studies on tobacco potassium nutrition.

The Pectin and its Influence on Tobacco Physiology and Quality

WANG Zhiyong1, SHAO Yan2*, ZHOU Qingming1, CHEN Gang1, LI Juan1

2013, 15(1):  130-135.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.21

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Pectin is a widespread complex colloidal substance in the plant cell wall that the main ingredient is a galacturonic acid, but its specific configuration is still unclear. The structure and physiological functions of pectin and its effects on crop quality are the hot topic in current research. Pectin accounts for about 5%~13% of the total mass in tobocco, which affects the level and sensory quality of tobacco leaf. In the past, little attention has been attached to impact on the quality of tobacco imposed by this kind complex cell wall material. In recent years, tobacco industry increases emphasis on the impact and research of pectin, thus making great achievements. This paper focused on the influence on the physiology and quality traits of tobacco imposed by the pectin, as well as control measures, so as to provide references to improve tobacco quality.

Studies on Antimicrobial Activity of Actinomycetes Isolated from Soils of Chishui River Basin

SONG Peiyong, ZHENG Yaqiang, LI Bin, XIAO Zhongjiu

2013, 15(1):  136-143.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.22

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Soil samples were collected from Maotai town and periphery areas in Chishui river basin. A total of 32 actinomycetes were isolated from 6 soil samples with Gaos No.1 synthetic medium. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis were carried out on 15 isolates selected by morphology and biochemistry characteristics. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing and comparison with the reported data in GenBank revealed that strain MA06 is Nocardioides albus, MA24 is genus of Promicromonospora, and the other 13 isolates are genera of Streptomyces, among which MA03 is Streptomyces fulvissimus, MA14 is Streptomyces europaeiscabiei and MA07 is Streptomyces sp.. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that MA06 and MA24 clustered in 2 branches individually, and the other 13 isolates clustered together, forming the third branch. These facts proved that the distance between these 3 genera of Nocardioides, Promicromonospora and Streptomyces is far off. The antimicrobial efficacy of strains M07, M25, M30 and M32 is powerful by bacteria and fungi test. The results indicated the potential of these isolates may serve as biocontrol or antibiotics producing microbes.

Effect of Longterm Cultivation on Soil Arthropod Community in Sandy Farmland

LIU Rentao, CHAI Yongqing*, ZHU Fan

2013, 15(1):  144-151.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.23

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In order to further understand the evolution of soil arthropod diversity in desert area farm land, under similar farming system and fertilizing and irrigation management measures, 4 types farmland was closed as sample fields at Horqin sandy area, including no tillage, cultivated for 3 a, 10 a and 20 a. Soil arthropods from different types of farmlands were collected to find out effects of longterm farming in desert area farmland on soil arthropod diversity. The results indicated that soil water content, pH, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in farmland cultivated for 20 a were higher. Soil properties of no tillage farmland, cultivated for 3 a and 10 a were similar. In desert area, the length of cultivation had profound influence on soil environment. All together 216 soil arthropods were collected. They belonged to 3 classes and 10 items. Among them, Acarus and Collembora were superior genus; Corrodentia, Araneida, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera were common genus. The density of soil arthropods in no tillage farmland was the highest, followed by farmlands cultivated for 10 a and 20 a. The number of individual soil arthropods in faunal cultivated for 3 a was the least. Correlation analysis indicated that soil pH at different tillage time might be the important factor for diversity distribution of soil arthropods. Initial study also showed that in desert area farmland no tillage was favorable for individual soil arthropod to survive. Short period cultivation (<10 a) was not favorable for soil arthropod to settle down, but longterm cultivation (>20 a) was propitious to improve and maintain soil arthropod diversity, thus facilitating the protection of soil diversity in desert area farmland and management of farmland ecosystem in Horqin sandy land.

Adsorption Effect of Slag Particles on Biogas Slurry

CHEN Jie, LUO Haibo*, LIU Fang, CHEN Longjiang, SU Xinjian

2013, 15(1):  152-157.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.24

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With different proportion of the slag and blast furnace slag as raw material, slag particles adsorbent was made by mixing raw material into the ball and then roasting the ball. The static and dynamic adsorption test was used to investigate the adsorption performance to biogas slurry of NH+4N, TN, TP and COD. The results showed that pH, adsorption time and density of biogas slurry had significant influence on the slag particles adsorbent of different proportion adsorbing biogas slurry TP. Under proper conditions, the biogas slurry TP removal rates of different proportion of slag granules were all over 90%. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models were good descriptions for the isothermal adsorption law of slag particles adsorbent for wastewater TP. The removal rates of NH+4N, TN, TP and COD of wastewater in dynamic adsorption test were all around 90%. Among them, the removal effect of No. ① mixed slag with slag and steel slag ratio 4∶1 was the best. Its average removal rate reached the discharge standard as 99.24%, 96.75%, 99.94% and 8971%, respectively. Slag particles could be used as adsorption material for treating NH+4N, TN, TP and COD.

Progress in Potential Primary Methods for the Quantification of Deoxyribonucleic Acid

LI Liang1, ZHANG Xiujie1, WAN Yusong1, CHU Yanchun2, JIN Wujun1*

2013, 15(1):  158-163.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.25

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Quantification of deoxyribonucleic acid are key applications encompassing food safety testing, medical diagnostics, detection of GMOs and pathogen identification. Its broad applications have encouraged a rapid and sustained development of the technology, especially the primary methods, resulted in reliability, comparability, and consistency. The analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid and the testing capability are crucially dependent on the measurements by primary methods. In this review, we discuss the advances in development of primary methods, including the advantages and disadvantages. The prospects for the development and applications of primary methods are also discussed.

Studies on Preparation of Levulinic Acid from Peanut Shells with Synergistic Hydrolysis of Ultrasonic Pretreatment and Solid Acid

ZHANG Ning, LIU Shuang, LIU Donglian*

2013, 15(1):  164-169.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.26

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Levulinic acid (LA) was prepared from peanut shells through synergistic hydrolysis using ultrasonic pretreatment cooperated with SO2-4/TiO2Al2O3 solid acid. Based on single factor test, the effects of hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time and the amount of solid acid on LA yield were studied, and the response surface method (RSM) with 3 factors and 3 levels was designed. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as followed: hydrolysis temperature is 235℃, hydrolysis time is 31 min, solid acid amount is 4.5%, and liquidsolid ratio is 14∶1(mL/g). Then the LA yield gained 27.54%. Comparing with that obtained by nonultrasonic pretreatment at the same condition, the LA yield increased by 7.18%.

AGIL Mode: Constructed Frame of Rural Science and Technology Innovation System

ZHANG Dong1, JIANG Zhanfeng2*

2013, 15(1):  170-175.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.27

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With the development of new rural construction and increasing rural demand for science and technology, the rural science and technology innovation system exposed increasingly its defects: decentralized economic investment, single policy support, low social integrating efficiency and lagging behind of farmers science and technology innovation concept. From 4 aspects of adaptation, goal attainment, integration and latency pattern maintenance, AGIL model took social action, which was in favor of maximizing the overall functional effect of social structure. Construction of new rural science and technology innovation system should form a multipleunit steady system through economic support to obtain adaptation, political guide to realize goal attainment, and social support to realize integration. Thus this latent pattern could gain farmers recognition. This paper probes into a new pathway for rural science and technology innovation system based on AGIL theory mode.

Price Fluctuation of Agricultural Products: Causes and Countermeasures

LI Zhongbin1, WEN Xiaoguo2, LI Junming3

2013, 15(1):  176-184.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.28

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Through analyzing farmers production behavior, this paper studied the causes of price fluctuations of agricultural products. The results showed that as necessities, agricultural products itself was the cause for price fluctuation. The expectation for agricultural products price led the farmers, consumer, speculators to store and close out agricultural products, which also exacerbated the volatile prices of agricultural products. Besides, the unreasonable agricultural products reserve system would aggravate the volatile prices of agricultural products. Only by choosing appropriate time for purchase or heavy selling and considering the effects brought about by these actions on farmers production and social storage or selling, the price fluctuation could be inhibited. The agricultural informatization could improve the accuracy of farmers prediction and farmers understanding, so as to reach the goal of inhibiting price fluctuations of agricultural products.

Studies on Performance of “FarmerSupermarket Direct Supply&rdquo|in Hebei Province based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

LU Zhidan, LU Jian*

2013, 15(1):  185-188.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.01.29

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Scientifically and rationally evaluating the performance of FarmerSupermarket Direct Supply is of great theoretical and realistic significance in improving the running efficiency and promoting and deepening the healthy development of FarmerSupermarket Direct Supply. Based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, this paper established an index evaluation system of FarmerSupermarket Direct Supply from the perspective of supply chain. According to a survey on 66 farmer cooperative economy organizations and agricultural production bases which are involved in, this paper carried on comprehensive evaluation on the performance of FarmerSupermarket Direct Supply in Hebei Province, and drew the conclusion that its performance was above medium level. The paper also put forward countermeasures and suggestions, aiming at providing some thoughts when evaluating the performance of FarmerSupermarket Direct Supply, and providing theoretical guidance and decisionmaking basis for high efficient running and further development of FarmerSupermarket Direct Supply in Hebei Province.