Table of Content

15 December 2012, Volume 14 Issue 6

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Thoughts about Century Drought in USA

SONG Li-li1, WANG Xiu-dong2*

2012, 14(6):  1-5.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2012.01.

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Since early summer of 2012, the continuous drought has caused the yields of crops in America declining dramatically, and the price of agricultural products have been roaring sustainably. Thus, the American economy and society are affected greatly. At the same time, USA drought sounds the alarm to China, where natural disasters outbreak frequently. By analyzing the characteristics, causes and impacts of the USA century drought, and the main problems faced by Chinese agricultural production in the context of climate changes, such as frequent occurrence of natural disasters, increase of agricultural inputs, etc. the authors put forward suggestions as: to establish and perfect weather monitoring and warning system; to strengthen agricultural infrastructure construction mainly water conservancy; to increase investment in studying and promoting agricultural disaster-alleviation technology etc.

Studies on Environmentoriented Agricultural Technology
 Extension Led by the Government

DENG Zheng-hua1,2, YANG Xin-rong3*, ZHANG Jun-biao1*

2012, 14(6):  6-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2012.02.

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The driving force of environmentoriented technology extension comes from the governmental promotion and farmers chase after profit. The difficulty for technology extension lies on farmers acception in rural grassroots organizations (village). This article divides environmentoriented technology extension in villages into 2 stages demonstration and imitation, and analyzes the characteristics and rules about environmentoriented technology extension in different stages, establishes a model for environmentoriented technology extension led by the government in rural grassroots organizations. The article also provides measures to promote the environmentoriented technology extension, such as: constructing intermediary bridge, improving technology transfer management mechanism, increasing channels and raising farmers ecological consciousness, etc.

Studies on Construction Mode of Valley Area Economic in Beijing based on Typical Investigation

CHEN Junhong1| YI Zhijuan2, CAO Jun1*

2012, 14(6):  12-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.03.

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Valley Area Economic is a new exploration for mountain area development in Beijing. Construction mode for valley area is an important means to achieve the goal of valley area economic construction. On the basis of investigation, we summarized, compared and analyzed 3 types construction modes in Sleepless Valley, Four Seasons Flowers Sea and Nanjiao. The results showed that valley area economic construction had fully embodied the essence and connotation of valley area economic construction——increasing farmers income, strengthening investment from government and society, and protecting ecological environment, while the industrial structure, technological and cultural inputs of the valley area were factors for creating the characteristics of groove domain model.

Data Survey and Analysis of the Transgene Flow
Frequencies and Distances in Major crops
 Ⅵ. Cotton

WANG Xu-jing, JIA Shi-rong, WANG Zhi-xing*

2012, 14(6):  19-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2012.04.

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ransgenic cotton has been widely cultivated internationally since 1996, which created a huge social, economic and environmental benefit. To date, forty transgenic cotton events have been permitted to commercialization. In our country, the insectresistant cotton is the first commercial planted transgenic crop in a large scale. Meanwhile, the study of gene flow from transgenic cotton has been conducted in USA, Australia and China. According to the data accumulated in recent decade, the distance of gene flow at a threshold value of 0.1% is 70 m.

Mechanism of Plant Response to Abiotic Stresses Regulated by AP2/ERF Proteins

YANG De-xin, ZHOU Shi-rong, QUAN Rui-dang, HUANG Rong-feng*

2012, 14(6):  23-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2012.06.05

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The AP2/ERF proteins, one family of plantspecific transcription factors, invole in plant growth and development, and regulate plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Studies have shown that AP2/ERF proteins could not only form a complex transcriptional regulatory network with other types of transcription factors to regulate the expression of functional genes through multiple signal transduction pathways, but also regulate plant abiotic stresses as sensing factor of external signal. This paper reviews the progress on studying AP2/ERF proteins in response to abiotic stress, including plant hormone synthesis, wax synthesis, hypoxia stress response, ROS scavenging and protein modification, etc., and prospects the research orientations in the future.

Studies on Drought Tolerance of IPT Transgenic Rice

MAIMAITI Yushanjiang1, XIONG Yehui1, MIJITI Maihemutijiang1, SEHROON Khan

2012, 14(6):  30-35.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.06.

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Drought resistance has become a hot issue in rice scientific research. By Agrobacterium tumefaciens\|mediated, IPT gene was transformed to rice IR64 variety. 254 regenerated were obtained, and PCR and southern blotting analyze were carried on them to confirm integration of aim gene in the transgenic plant. Two transgenic single copy events and one wild type were treated with drought stress at flowering stage. Under the same drought stress condition, the cytokinins and chlorophyll contents of transgenic plants were obviously higher than that of the wild type. While the leaf temperature was slightly lower than that of the wild type. The stem and leaf senescence of transgenic plant was delayed. These result shows that IPT gene has positive significance on studying drought tolerance breeding and its mechanism.

Molecular Cloning and its Functional Analysis of GhSRK2D Gene from Cotton

LIN Fa-zhuang1,2, ZHANG Rui1, SUN Guo-qing1, SUN Bao1, GUO San-dui1*

2012, 14(6):  36-42.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2012.06.07

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The protein kinases SnRK2s play important roles in abiotic stress response in plants and likely act as candidate genes for improving stress tolerance in crops through transgenic approaches. In this study, SnRK2 homologous, GhSRK2D was isolated from the Y18 upland cotton via RACEPCR. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that GhSRK2D belonged to SnRK2sⅢ subfamily, containing the Nmyristoylation sites and transmembrane domains, and 5 core serineresidues sites. Additionally, Osmotic box, SnRK2 box and ABA box were also found in the end of Cterminal conserved domain of protein GhSRK2D. Southern blot results showed that GhSRK2D gene had 2 copies in cotton Y18 ecotype genome. Realtime PCR showed that GhSRK2D was expressed in various cotton tissues and organs, the highestlevel expression of GhSRK2D gene was identified in leaf organs. GhSRK2D was also  induced by ABA, high salt, hypertonic (mannitol) and low temperature treatments.  These results suggested that GhSRK2D was likely involved in abiotic stress physiological processes in cotton.

Research Progress on LRR Receptorlike Protein Kinase in Plant

FENG Lei, ZHANG Hai-wen*, HUANG Rong-feng

2012, 14(6):  43-48.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.06.08

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The leucinerich repeats receptorlike protein kinase (LRRRLK) belongs to the transmembrane receptorlike kinase in plant, and it is made up by 3 parts containing leucinerich repeats (LRRs) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain, and a functional protein kinase domain. As signal recognition receptor, the LRRRLK participates in the signal transduction process of CLV, BR and Ax21 in different plants, and plays important roles in plant development and cell growth, hormone signaling and stress responses. In this review, we described the research progress on regulatory function and molecular mechanism of LRRRLK in recent years, and provided a reference for further exploring the function and application of LRRRLK.

Research Progress on Molecular Mechanisms of
Plant Defense to Soft Rot Disease

YU Xiao-qing1, XIE Hua1, WANG Xiu-ling2, MA Rong-cai1

2012, 14(6):  49-53.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2012.09.

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Soft rot is one of the most serious worldwide bacterial diseases occurred in various important cash crops and in subtropical and temperate regions. Plant has developed a series of defense mechanisms to deal with soft rot pathogen invasion. This paper reviewed the progress made in studying plant defense mechanisms including activation of oxidative burst, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA) and protein kinasemediated signaling pathways, as well as responses related with ferritin induced by Pectobacterium infection. Besides, this paper discussed the existing problems in current research and also prospected the future works.

Mobile Group Ⅱ Intron Gene Targeting Technology and its Application

PAN Yangyang, LANG Zhihong, ZHU Li, HUANG Dafang

2012, 14(6):  54-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.10.

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Mobile group Ⅱ introns are both ribozymes and unique mobile elements for their high sequencespecific, yet readily flexible target site recognition. Both intron RNA and intronencoded protein (IEP) are involved in target site recognition. Therefore, intron RNA can be a new type of gene targeting for specific gene disruption and knockout technology in prokaryotes. This technology has great potential for revolutionizing fields in eukaryotes, such as functional genomics and gene therapy.

Research Progress on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) |Genetic Engineering

SI Liping1,2, LI Lianshe1, WU Yanmin2

2012, 14(6):  62-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.11.

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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the 4 major oil crops in the world, and has good adaptability, aridity tolerance, etc. excellent characteristics. With the effect of global environment and climate changes on agroecosystems, the daily increasing usage of sunflower is expanding. The breeding objectives of sunflower have been drought and salt tolerance, insect and disease resistance and superior quality. But these higher breeding objectives are difficult to achieve through conventional breeding method in a short period of time. While the molecular breeding taking modern biotechnology as its method has provided a convenient and practical way to culture and improve new varieties of sunflower. This paper reviewed and summarized the progresses made during the past over 20 years in sunflower in vitro regeneration, genetic transformation and transgenic researches. It also analyzed the existing problems in sunflower genetic engineering research, and prospected the development trends of this research.

Gene Cloning and Functional Identification of pbenzoquinone Reductase from Pseudomonas sp. 17: A Novel Member of pNitrophenol Degradation Gene Cluster

ZHANG Shuang-yu, SUN Wen, XU Li, TIAN Jian, CHU Xiao-yu, WU Ning-feng*

2012, 14(6):  70-75.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.06.12

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Pseudomonas sp. 17 utilizes pnitrophenol (PNP) as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. In order to identify the genes involved in this utilization, a gene cluster was identified in a 12.3 kb DNA fragment of a genome fosmid library. Sequence analysis revealed that there were 7 genes (pdcEDGFCBA) related in PNP degradation. PdcB shares 98% identity to the pbenzoquinone reductase (PnpB) from Pseudomonas sp. WBC3. The pdcB gene was then overexpressed in E.coli BL21, and the recombinant protein PdcB was further purified with NiNTA affinity chromatography. Purified PdcB was shown a FAD and NADPHdependent pbenzoquinone reductase that catalyzed the reduction of pbenzoquinone to hydroquinone by in vitro activity assays.

Biblimetrics Analysis of Experts System Research for Rice Disease Forecast

DING Lin, LU Wen ru

2012, 14(6):  76-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.13.

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New model was provided by rice disease prediction research of various kinds of expert system for efficient prevention and control of rice disease. Through analyzing the core articles via WOS, we could accurately find out the gap between the world and China, and provided reference for researchers and strategy makers in China. A bibliometrics study on the expert system of rice disease from 2000 to 2009 by WOS was carried out by quantatative analysis.  The hot research area of the expert system was based on Web GIS system for realtime mornitiring of rice diseases. Results indicated that the United States has taken obvious advantages in the above mentiones studies. China takes the second place in the quantities of published papers. The phenomenon of lacking papers with high academic level merits attention.

Application of Data Mining Technology in Tobacco Industry

TIAN Linqing, XU Zicheng*

2012, 14(6):  84-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.14.

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As a emerging knowledge discovery technology, data mining technology has been widely used in commercial, logistics, finance and other industries. This paper introduces the application of data mining technology in tobacco agriculture, which involved in the evaluation of tobacco soil quality and precise fertilization, tobacco species selection, and forecast of tobacco diseases and pests and natural disasters, while the estimation of tobacco yield and tobacco leaf grading were also included. Moreover, the practice of data mining in cigarette warehouse management, cigarette logistics distribution, cigarette marketing and cigarette sensory quality evaluation of raw materials in tobacco industrial management were also described. The paper also prospects the future for applying data mining technology, so as to promote its applications in tobacco industry, and enhance the competitiveness of tobacco enterprises in the market.

Research Progress of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) and its Application in Food Industry

WANG Jia-li, DONG Xu-yan*, WEI Fang, LV Xin, HU Na, CHEN Hong*

2012, 14(6):  91-97.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.06.15

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With the improvement of living standards, chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, have been one of the dangerous killers threatening human health. Thus it is vital to develop new type functional foods to prevent chronic diseases. Due to its unique bioavailability, lipids, as the important ingredients and additive materials, are applied to functional foods. At the turn of the 20th century, a new generation of lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), were developed for the delivery of bioactive components which were poor aqueous solubility for oral and parenteral administration. Therefore, NLC are prospective carrier systems for functional foods. This paper summarized the structure, preparation, characterization and research progress of NLC in food industry, which provides theoretical basis for its application.

The Climate Suitability Evaluation of Notilling Maize

ZHAI Zhi-fen1,2, YAN Chang-rong2,3*, HE Wen-qing2,3, LIU En-ke2,3, LI Ying-chun2

2012, 14(6):  98-107.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.06.16

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The agricultural technologies and their application conditions are different due to the difference of regions conditions, so it is difficult and uncertain to evaluate the effect of existing agricultural technologies. It is of great significance to select reasonable evaluation indexes and build a more scientific and comprehensive model that will help to evaluate the agricultural technologies. According to field surveys and the Delphi method, this paper determined the initial index set for climate suitability evaluation of agricultural technology. Rough Sets was used to select the evaluation indexes.  Based on the principle of fuzzy mathematics and the law of the minimum and tolerance, the model of climate suitability evaluation was established, and then the and the climate suitability of notilling maize in China was evaluated using this model. The results showed as followed: the core meteorological factors of notilling were temperature and precipitation, while the key indicators were precipitation and ≥10℃ accumulated temperature. From 1981 to 2010, the suitable areas of notilling mazie in China included: the east of Heilongjiang and Jilin province, Liaoning, southern Hebei and Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, the central and southern Shaanxi, the Lower Yangtze Region, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and South China. So there was a bright future for notilling maize.

Effect of Super Absorbent Polymers on Cotton Growth
and Yield in Xinjiang

WANG Chun-yan1, LI Mao-song1*, HE Shuang2, WANG Xiu-fen1

2012, 14(6):  108-115.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2012.17.

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This experiment was carried out in Shihezi of Xinjiang province in 2008 to test the applying effect of Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) in irrigated cotton field. Seeds were sown with high density of 6 lines in one film. 5 water gradients were seted on this expriment. SAP was applied right before sowing by hand and the use amount was 90 kg/hm2. Plant dry matter accumulation, leaf area, relative water content of plant, boll numbers, yield and yield components were measured. The results showed that SAP could obviously increase the yield by 10% when the irrigation amount reduced by 20%. While under other moisture conditions, SAP could decrease the yield about 5%~10%. The changes in boll numbers were the main reason for yield increase or decrease. SAP significantly increased the distribution ratio of dry matter accumulation to boll, stimulated the growth of root system, raised plant stem water content in late growing season, and promoted the increase of cotton boll at harvest season. All these are the main reasons for SAP to increase cotton production.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Simplified Cultivation
Techniques in Foxtail Millet

LIU Fei, LI Shun-guo*, LIU Meng, ZHAO Yu, WANG Hui-jun*

2012, 14(6):  116-121.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2012.18.

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Simplified foxtail millet cultivation techniques are new technologies popularized in recent years. It has a certain scale of planting in Hebei, Henan, Shandong Provinces and other north China summer millets regions. In order to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of the new varieties and their supporting technology, this article carries out multifactors comprehensive targets evaluation on the demonstration situation in field survey at Hebei Wuan, Henan Luoyangby by constructing millet variety superiority degree evaluation index system and adopting entropy analysis method. This technology has the characteristics of chemical weed control, chemical thinning, which not only has saved labor, energy and are welcomed by farmers, but also led to cost increase by using chemical fertilized. Besides,  the variety efficiency of simplified cultivation techniques has surpassed corn efficiency. Although millet is not so outstanding in yield and farmers planting wiliness as corn, its value of comprehensive evaluation index has exceesed corn.

Research Status of Solar Energy Assisted Curing
Tobacco Leaves in China

CHEN Yong-an1, XU Zeng-han2*, LUO Hong-xiang1, LU Xin-li1, LI Yu-xiang1,

2012, 14(6):  122-127.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.19.

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This paper briefly introduced the evolution of solarassisted curing tobacco leaves in China, in order to provide information and reference for the relative research on solarassisted curing. The solar energy was used by lightheat transfer in previous studies, but never been  popularized and applied in tobacco curing. According to the status in which the tobacco curing of high energy consumption infrequently use solar energy in China, the authors put forward some constructive suggestions,  including to strengthen fundamental research, control costs, steadily popularize the solarassisted curing tobacco. The paper also prospects the application of solar energy assisted curing tobacco leaves; points out that we must use solar energy assisted curing tobacco leaves in China, so as to realize tobacco curing with energy saving, environment protection and lower cost.

Laws for Controlling Field Contamination and Cadmium Risk Analysis in Japan

WANG Chun-yan1, LI Mao-song1*, HE Shuang2, WANG Xiu-fen1

2012, 14(6):  128-132.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.06.20

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Field contamination and agriculture product safety are the main issues faced by agriculture production in China. They are also the key factors to secure food safety in the 12th 5year plan period. This paper analyzed the regulation laws and fundamental criterions for preventing field contamination, and introduced the technological processes for controlling pollution in Japan. We might borrow ideas from Japan for controlling field contamination in China. Taking cadmium pollution as example, this paper discussed about the major source of this risk and the solving measures, which will be of reference value for pollution risk management in the contaminated regions, and peoples food structure and health improvement.

New Characteristics and Development Trends of
Modernized Pig Industry

LI Wen-gang1, SHEN Chao1, SUI Chao1, LIU Xiao-qing2, WU Zhi-juan, YAN Yi-bo1

2012, 14(6):  133-138.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2012.21.

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In recent years, the numbers of large pig farms are increasing, Many new innovations and new equipments for raising pigs are introduced into China, Especially the things technology and modern molecular biotechnology are widely applied in pig industry, which makes the degree of modernization even higher. Recently, great changes have taken place in the main investment raising body, technology and facilities. The pig raising environment is well controlled, feeding and watering technology is more automatic. More thoughts are provided for pig welfare. Along with the investment of funds and high technology and the improvement of raising facilities, pig growing environment becomes more comfortable. The benefit of raising pigs is growing continuously. However, the pig industry in China is still in a developing stage. We should be more realistic, do our best according to our ability, and develop pig industry in a proper scale.

An Immature Suggestion for Organization of Aquaculture Cooperation and Quality Safety of Aquatic Products

YUE Dong-dong1, ZHANG Feng2, WANG Lu-min1*

2012, 14(6):  139-144.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.06.22

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The quality and safety of aquatic products is a strategic issue related to the safety of urban and rural residents consumption, improvement of fishermens income and foreign exchange earning, longterm fishery   development and social stability. Starting from analyzing the current situation of aquatic products quality and safety, this paper sorted out the factors affecting the quality and safety of aquatic products and divided them into internal and external factors, among which the internal factors included the quality of aquatic fingerlings, while the external factors included ecological and environmental factors of water quality, and human factors, such as farmers production behavior, supervision quality and customers behavior, etc. Judging from the results of investigation, various factors  still exist, and the low organization level is the prominent constraint affecting the quality and safety of aquatic products at present stage. Therefore, we should improve the organization level of aquaculture cooperation, thus we can also raise the supervising efficiency for aquatic products quality and safety. In order to safeguard the long term development of aquatic products quality and safety, it is necessary to establish a quality and safety securing system coordinating the relation between production and supervision. Then the problem can be thoroughly solved.

Determination of Trace Atrazine and its Six Metabolites in Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry

SHI Dong-dong1, CHANG Bi-ying2, SHI Bo1*, TIAN Yuan1

2012, 14(6):  145-152.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2012.06.23

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A sensitive LCMS/MS method for simultaneously analyzing atrazine and its 6 metabolites in cattle drinking water was established. The samples were enriched and purified by MCX solidphase column, determined by LCMS/MS, and quantified by outer standard. The results showed that the linear range spanned from 0.4 to 100 μg/L with correlation index r2 greated than 0.99. At the concentration range of 0.03～3 μg/L, except the recovery of desisopropyl2hydroxy was 6417%, others were 71.31%~116.67% with relative standard deviations ranging from 097％ to 12.03%. The limits of detection (LOD) of 7 substances analyses were 0.1 μg/L. Those indicated the method was rapid, costeffective and suitable for water sample analysis.