Abstract:

China occupies 7% of the world land （only 3% of the world plough land） to solve the food problem of 1.3 billion Chinese people（i. e. 20% of the world population）. In recent years, the Chinese population may still increase, but its plough land may decrease. It is difficult to solve the urgent need of the edible oil with more land to grow the herbaceous oil crops. It is preferable choice to solve this problem by developing the olive production. The olive trees are suitable to grow on the wide Chinese regions, mainly in the Yunnan - Guizhou plateau of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Jinsha River valley, the Iowmountain river valley of the ＂Three Gorges＂ and the Qinba mountain area. In this range there is about 60% of the special barren hilly regions, i.e. the poor counties supported by the special funds of the state and provinces or cities. This area also is in urgent need of the conservation of soil and water with the forestation for the Three Gorges water conservancy engineering（shipping, generating electricity）. In this regiion it is an excellent event to develop the olive planting with the suitable measures to local conditions for the improvement of the ecological environment, the comprehensive administration of the Yangtze River and the promotion of developing the economy in the poverly area.

Key words: dyewood oil, olea europaeal L, olive oil, table olives, industrialization

摘要：

我国用占世界7%的土地（耕地占3%）解决了占世界1/5人口的“吃饭”问题,但人口增加,耕地减少的趋势近期难以逆转,“粮食安全”仍不容忽视。大力发展油橄榄这种产油量高的木本油料替代占用耕地较多的草本油料,应是解决耕地紧张的一条出路。油橄榄在我国的适生范围较广,主要集中于长江上游的云、贵高原,金沙江流域、三峡低山河谷和秦巴山地区,其中有近60%是贫瘠的丘陵山区,属国家和地方专项资金扶持的贫困县,也是“三峡”水利设施工程（航运、发电）的水土保持植树造林地区。在这一范围内,因地制宜发展油橄榄生产,具有开发山区,综合治理长江,促进贫困地区经济发展,改善生态环境的多重效益。

关键词: 木本油料 油橄榄 橄榄油 餐用油橄榄 产业开发