Table of Content

15 April 2007, Volume 9 Issue 2

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Present status and prospect of molecular breeding in rice

WAN Jian-min

2007, 9(2):  1-9. 

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The major approaches of molecular breeding are transgenic and marker-assisted selection breeding. In the present study, the biological base of molecular breeding of rice were stated from several aspects including yield, adaptability, quality, resistance and heterosis. Some important achievements were enumerated as molecular breeding of rice progressed. As a result of the sequencing of rice genome, map-based cloning of genes controlling the important agronomic traits, the gradually perfected transgenic technology, the rapid development of bioinformatics, and the development of software in simulating  breeding, breeding by molecular design has increasingly become an important method of rice breeding.

Progress of molecular breeding in maize

LI Jian-sheng

2007, 9(2):  10-13. 

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Maize is one of most important cereal crops in China. Although conventional maize breeding has made a great contribution to increasing maize production, it has not fully satisfied the demand of elite hybrids. With the development of biotechnology, molecular breeding has become an important direction in maize breeding. In this paper, the backgrounds of molecular breeding, major research areas, the types of transgenic maize, and molecular marker techniques were briefly summarized, The mapping results of QTL associated with grain yield, agronomic, qualitative, biotic, and abiotic tolerance traits were reviewed as well as their applications. The concepts of association analysis and functional markers, and strategies of developing functional markers based on comparative genetics and bio-information were also introduced.

Trends and status of molecular breeding in vegetable crops

WANG Xiao-wu, DU Yong-chen

2007, 9(2):  14-18. 

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Tends and status of molecular breeding （MB） in vegetable crops are reviewed with a special focus on the development of new MB techniques and their impact on vegetable breeding. The status of MB in vegetable crops in China was summarized. The advantages and challenges were also pointed out.

Molecular breeding in upland cotton： present status, problem and prospect

ZHANG Tian-zhen,GUO Wang-Zhen

2007, 9(2):  19-25. 

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In recent years, the research on cotton genomics was greatly developed due to accumulation of a great deal of bioinformafics data from different cotton species, which put a solid foundation for cotton breeding by design. In this paper, we reviewed the progresses and present status of cotton molecular breeding in recent years. Some strategies to cotton molecular breeding in the future was put forward.

Current status and perspective outlook of space induced mutation breeding in crop plants

LIU Lu-xiang,ZHAO Lin-shu,GUO Hui-jun

2007, 9(2):  26-29. 

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The development and utilization of space resources has been a new research field with keen worldwide competition. Space provides a special environment with supervacuum, microgravity and strong cosmic radiation. Good achievements have been made by space induced mutations for crop improvement, especially in rice, wheat, cotton, sweet pepper, tomato and sesame, with some very useful rare mutants which might make a great breakthrough in crop yield and quality improvement, the current status of space botany research in aboard was briefly introduced. The research progress and perspedives of application of space technology for crop improvement by using recoverable satellite techniques in China have been reviewed.

Polymorphism analysis of cotton mutants and change agronomy traits of cotton by space mutation

SONG Mei-zhen, YU Shu-xun, FAN Shu-li, WU Xiao-jun,YUAN Ri-hong

2007, 9(2):  30-37. 

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In this paper, under space mutation, change of fibre quality characters, yield characters and cotton plant development were studied in 5P1, 5P2,SP3 in system. Mechanism of space mutation was elementarily proved from DNA level.

Thought on two-line inter-subspecific hybrid rice breeding

LU Chuan-gen|YAO Ke-min, LI Xia, HU Ning, ZOU Jiang-shi

2007, 9(2):  38-43. 

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Using strong heterosis of intersubspcific hybrids was a main approach to increase rice yield, and two-line method was helpful to utilize such hybrids.By the complementarily of grain quality between indica and iaponica type, rice hybrid combinations with good eating quality in favor of various people habit would be obtained. By the plant temperature forecasting system for the sterile alteration, and through a safeguarding technology by water irrigation to regulate plant temperature, two-line hybrid seed production system would become stable and safe. In rice breeding, plant type methodology should be improved with digital technology, and physiology breeding was considered by a series of physiological indices to estimate the suitability of hybrids to various ecological conditions, for improving the traditional breeding method and saving estimate years.

Studies on super-high yield cultivation technique using superior tiller in wheat

ZHAO Guang-cai

2007, 9(2):  44-48. 

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In this paper, it was proposed After long-term study：①The concept, indice and suitable model of the superior tiller group in super-high yield wheat.②Index of nitrogen cumulation and strategy of fertilizer efficiency in super-high yield wheat.③Popuiation structure and quality index of super-high yield wheat. ④Basic soil nutrition index required by super-high yield wheat cultivation and optimized fertilization techniques. ⑤The super-high yield cultivation technique with the superior tiller as the core part, which includes three optimum methods, two promotion methods, one control method and moderate management. The optimum methods mean using high quality and super-high yield varieties, properly using superior tiller group and optimizing population structure quality. The two promotion methods mean promoting the strengthening of seedling before winter and promoting more and bigger ears and heavier grains. The one control method means controlling irrigation and fertilization. The moderate man- agement means strengthening seedling and preventing immature decline in late phase.

Effect of irrigation treatments on the yield and quality of different wheat varieties

LIU Qing-rui, NIU Xin-yin, ZHAO Jun-kun, WU Zhi-xue, YANG Wei-sheng, ZHAO Guang

2007, 9(2):  53-56. 

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Different high-gluten wheat varieties from seven provinces were planted to study the yield and grain protein content by different spring irrigation treatment in this examination. The results indicated that the grain yield in-creased with the spring irrigation frequency increasing in the situation of spring drought, The yields of different varieties have extremely remarkable differences, the yield of Yannong 19 was the highest one and next was Jimai 20, Different varieties grain protein content reduced with the spring irrigation frequency increasing （ except wanmai 38 ）, The protein content have exxtremely remarkable differences under different varieties and irrigation treatments, the protein content of the Linyou 145 was the highest one and next was Gao 8901.

Study on the indigenous phosphorus and potassium supply capacity of soils

PENG Zheng-ping, LI Ying-chun| XUE Shi-chuan| MA Zhi-ying| GAO Fei| JIANG Me

2007, 9(2):  57-60. 

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For the scientific gist of reasonable fertilization and fertility, soil to winter wheat and summer maize, the indigenous phosphorus and potassium supply capacity of soils in Dalucun of Ningjin, Hebei province were studied under the field conditions. The results showed that the P contribution rate to winter wheat yield was above 100% and 94.5% for K. The supplying amount of P and K in CK were 55.4 and 139.2 kg/hm^2, respectively. The soil K supplying in the treatment of NP was 15.7% higher than that in CK, while the soil P supplying amount in the NK treatment was 6.3% higher than that in CK. Kfertilizer applying improved the height, basic seedling, tiller number, total stem number, efficient spike, grain number per spike and yield of winter wheat, also enhanced soil K nutrient. Increase P fertilizer applying could not enhance the yield of winter wheat, only increase the production cost and make more P remnant in soil. Soil P and K in CK provided some nutrient for the yield 6750 kg/hm^2 of winter wheat and 9810 kg/hm^2 of summer maize. The above analysis represented that supplying K fertilizer to soil significantly improved the yield of winter wheat, but for maize P and K in the soil were not the main limiting factors.

Effects of spraying Se fertilizer to leaves on flue-cured tobacco

GAO Jia-he, LI Mei-yun|JIN Yan

2007, 9(2):  61-65. 

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Effects of selenium （Se） fertilizer on Flue-cured tobacco growth, chlorophyll and Se content were studied by spraying Se fertilizer on tobacco leaves surface in fields. The results indicated that Se fertilizer had a promoting effect on the growth of tobacco plant, and this function was higher with the earlier time of spraying. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b,chlorophyll a ＋ b and carotenoid contents of the 5^th leaf with spraying Se fertilizer were more than that of CK, significantly. The chlorophyll a content of the treated 10^th leaf was more than CK significantly. The chlorophyll a content of the treated 14^th leaf was less than CK significantly. The average Se content of leaves was higher with the later time of spraying. The utilization ratio of Se fertilizer was 1.41% - 3.27% and the average ratio was 2.37%.

Effects of 6-BA on growth in tissue culture seedlings of lilium longiflorum

LIN Gui-mei, LI Xiao-quan, LI Chao-sheng, WEI Hua-tang, ZOU Yu, CHEN Xia, ZHANG

2007, 9(2):  66-68. 

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This paper studied the effects of different levels of 6-BA on the growth of tissue culture seedlings of Lilium Iongiflorum. By the statistic analyses,the results shows that the high level of 6-BA restrained the development of bulb scale segments of Lilium Iongiflorum, especially, the height of plant of bulb.

Research progress on β-glucan of oat

QI Bing-jie,LIU Jing-hui

2007, 9(2):  69-72. 

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Oat has the function of reducing cholesterin and blood sugar and it can inrease the immunity, because of its rich β-glucan. In this paper, the fundion, strudure, charaders, measuring and distilling methods of β-glucan and its application in food industry were reviewed, and the problems and further research fields on β-glucan were put forward.

Recent research advance on pathogen and disease occurrence of tobacco black shank and its integrated control

SHANG Zhi-qiang

2007, 9(2):  73-76. 

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In this paper, the advances in taxonomy, biological characteristics, pathogen differentiation, host ranges disease occurrence and integrated control of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae were systemically reviewed.

Bioassay of antagonistic microorganisms from soil against several strawberry disease-causing agents

ZHAO Xiu-juan, XU Wen-qiao, ZHANG Feng-qiao, GAG Po, JIANG Ji-zhi, DU Hong-zhong

2007, 9(2):  77-81. 

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Seventy microorganism isolates from 60 soil samples were evaluated for the antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea Pers, Pestalotiopsis photiniae. Results showed that 44 isolates showed antagonistic activity against B. cinerea Pers and 33 isolates against P. photiniae. The pathogen inhibition effed on both B. cinerea Pers and P. photiniae was achieved by 7 of antagonistic microorganisms in 70 isolates （inhibition zone ≥5 mm on average）. These 7 isolates were tested for the inhibition effect against B. cinerea Pers, P. photiniae, Rhizodonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae. The results showed that all the 7 isolates had broad-spedrum antifungal adivity on these 5 pathogens. These 5 pathogens developed more chlamydospores, the mycelia were bulging vacuolization and their cytoplasm congregated when the pathogens were treated with the antagonistic microorganisms.

The organization modes of rice industrialization in jiangsu province

CHEN Bo, GONG Zhen-hua| LU Jian-fei|ZHANG Hong-cheng

2007, 9(2):  82-84. 

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Based on the survey of rice industrialization in Jiongsu Province, four dominant organization modes, such as firms combined with farmers, firms combined with ＂X＂ and farmers, rice markets combined with farmers and integration of firms with farmers, are concluded and discussed in terms of operational mechanisms and conditions. It is suggested that the pafiern characterized by firms combined with cooperative and farms should be popularized.

China Agricultural Universily, Beijing 100094,China

ZHANG Chong-li

2007, 9(2):  85-88. 

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China occupies 7% of the world land （only 3% of the world plough land） to solve the food problem of 1.3 billion Chinese people（i. e. 20% of the world population）. In recent years, the Chinese population may still increase, but its plough land may decrease. It is difficult to solve the urgent need of the edible oil with more land to grow the herbaceous oil crops. It is preferable choice to solve this problem by developing the olive production. The olive trees are suitable to grow on the wide Chinese regions, mainly in the Yunnan - Guizhou plateau of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Jinsha River valley, the Iowmountain river valley of the ＂Three Gorges＂ and the Qinba mountain area. In this range there is about 60% of the special barren hilly regions, i.e. the poor counties supported by the special funds of the state and provinces or cities. This area also is in urgent need of the conservation of soil and water with the forestation for the Three Gorges water conservancy engineering（shipping, generating electricity）. In this regiion it is an excellent event to develop the olive planting with the suitable measures to local conditions for the improvement of the ecological environment, the comprehensive administration of the Yangtze River and the promotion of developing the economy in the poverly area.

Study on development of Taiwan leisure agriculture and revelation to mainland

LI Jian-hua, LIN Guo-hua

2007, 9(2):  89-92. 

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The background on the rise, process, business condition and countermeasures of Taiwan＇s leisure agriculture were studied. The suggestion to Mainland＇s leisure agriculture was put forward in the paper.

Innovation research about investment and financing system of agriculture infrastructure in China

FEI Zhen-guo,LUAN Guang-xu

2007, 9(2):  93-96. 

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Agricultural infrastrudure has been weak link in the investment and financial. Which hindered the process of new socialist rural development. In the article, based on analysis the attributes of agriculture infrastructure, aimed the problem of investment and financing system of agriculture infrastructure, the concept about the investment and financing system of agriculture infrastructure were put forward.

Measure and analysis on technological progress of cotton from 1998 to 2005

ZHANG She-mei,ZHAO Zhi-jun

2007, 9(2):  97-101. 

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Using Cobb-Douglas average produdion fundion model, cotton technological progress for thirteen provinces in China from 1998 to 2005 is analyzed in this paper. The result indicates technology contributes to cotton produdion is 63.37%. Finally, some policies and suggestions are put forward to promote cotton technological progress in China.

The influence of human capital structure to rural labor shifting in western countryside

ZHANG Ya-li| QU Yan-ping

2007, 9(2):  102-106. 

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Based on the economics theories, the strudural of the western human capital of the present circumstance were analyzed, and some suggestions were put forward such as further perfeding the western rural education system, strengthening western farmer training and enlarge western village＇s education to accelerate the transfer of the rural labor.

Study on the rural informationization in new countryside construction

CUI Yan, HOU Jun-qi

2007, 9(2):  107-111. 

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Based on the induced effect of the rural informationization on new countryside construction, the current situation, development level, structure and restriction factor of rural information construction of our country were analyzed, and the operating mechanism innovates of the rural informationization were discussed. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions to accelerate rural information construction were put forward.

Analysis on the features of information needs from different farmers in the poor chinese rural community

JIAN Xaio-ying,FENG Hai-ying

2007, 9(2):  112-115. 

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In the poor rural community of China, farmer＇s needs on information depends largely on their activities in production and livelihood levels, by which there ore some differences among subsistence farmers, specialized farming and livestock farmers as well as part-time farmers. More information on new varieties is needed by subsistence farmers, while specialized farmers focus more on marketing information and oil other agricultural related information.Those part-time farmers concentrate on information of non-farming opportunities. Accessing information related, subsistence farmers rely more on inter-personal communication approach, while other two lypes of farmers use more mass media or internet to meet their requirements on information based on inter-personal communication approach. There exists on information delivery model within the community from farmers with higher information density to other farmers with lower one. The position of farmers in the community with difference of dominant group and vulnerable group is determined by the amounts of information possession, which in turn strengthens their original advantage and disadvantage situations in accessing fudher information.

The analysis of the effect of the policy about returning forest from cultivated land on the comprehensive production of agriculture in wuqi county

GUO Ya-jun,YAO Shun-bo, LI Hua

2007, 9(2):  116-120. 

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Based on C-D produdion function, the produdive elastic rate of all kinds of produdive element and the rate of contribution to technical development in agriculture are calculated by means of Solo, s method in wuqi county of Shaanxi province. The emphasis of this analysis is the effect of the policy returning to forest from cultivated land to the productive efficiency of all kinds of element, It shows the policy not only brings about ecological benefit but also enhances the productive elastic of cultivated land from 1. 204 to 12.746, realizes the harmonious development between people and nature.

Three systems of eliminating discrimination on the household registeer system

ZHANG Xian-hong,LI Lu-tang

2007, 9(2):  121-125. 

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Peasants-worker＇s rights and interests are encroached on seriously by the duality-census-register-system discrimination based on the rural-urban dualization policy. The household register system has been reformed for many times but little effect has been produced . In order to get rid of the household register discrimination, three relevant institutions should be set up according to peasant-workers＇ three different employment links （ before, durinng and after employment ）. And each institution has a certain number of operation regulations.

Research on the relief zonal approach of Beijing based on spatial technology

LI Jing, ZHANG Chao,ZHU De-hai, LI Hai-xia

2007, 9(2):  126-129. 

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The relief type zonal map is the basic data for the region land use and agriculture global planning. But the existed relief zone data of Beijing is not accordance with the latest land use map, while the scale of the relief data is too small. To these questions, through collected and summarized the historical relief zonal solutions, the relief types and zonal criterion of Beijing are determined. The precision digital elevation model （DEM） generated by 1： 10000 contour of the study area is used as the main data source, while the geology map is referred to define the boundary of relief zones. Then the relief zonal data are validated and locally adiusted with the 3-dimensional relief view generated by SPOT5 remote sensing image and DEM,while the zonal data are verified with the field survey. At last, the Beijing relief zonal data which have the accordant scale and reference frame with the latest land use map of study area is presented.

Thinking of long-term mechanism of serving suburbs for researchers

GUO Jian-qiang, LIU Yue-huan, QIN Xiang-yang,YANG Guo-hang

2007, 9(2):  130-133. 

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In this paper, the serial problems of agricultural sci ＆ tech serving system and the new situation were systematically analyzed, the new thought of building serving suburbs for researchers was put forward, and then some models were analyzed.

The classification of weeds in fruit orchard

MA Feng-lei,JIA Ke-gong

2007, 9(2):  134-138. 

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The idea of ＂weed management＇in fruit orchard was brought forward in this article by integrating weed control and weed protection. After reviewing the current literatures and data on weeds in china, the 300 species of orchard weeds were simply classified according to the harm degree to fruit trees, and the results provide a classification standard in weed management in fruit orchard.