Abstract:

The paper reviewed the course of the enlighten and initiate stage (1926-1948) for the investigation of heterosis utilization in maize(Zea mays L.), and the development course of crosses between cultivar, double, three-way and single cross after the found of the Peoples Republic of China since 1949. The paper point out the distinguishing feature and obvious advantages of the development for hybrid maize investigation in our country. The success of some main force inbred lines that bred by integrated method and technology during this time will draw great inspiration effects from their experiences to future breeding. The improved hereditary traits, breeding objectives, breeding ideas for future breeding and the question of heterosis definition were discussed and prospected. It is demended in future breeding that raising the density-tolerant cultivar, single-plant heterosis under less density, no stress and resistance to bioltic and abioltic adverse circumstances in a mode rate degree, and some physiological characters of photosynthesis function etc.

Key words: maize heterosis, main force inbred line, breeding objective, breeding idea, future breeding

摘要：

回顾了我国玉米杂交优势利用研究启蒙与创建阶段(1926-1948)和中华人民共和国成立至今(1949至今),在品间杂交、双杂交、三系杂交直至单杂交利用阶段杂交优势利用发展历程;提出我国杂交玉米研究发展的特点与明显的收益;指出期间应用综合育种方法技术选育成功的一些优秀骨干系,对未来育种起着较大的启迪效果;讨论并展望了未来育种改进遗传性状、育种目标、育种理念和杂交优势定义的问题。未来育种要求提高耐密性、低密度无胁迫下单株杂交优势和生物学与非生物学逆境抗性以及包括光合性能在内的一些生理特性。

关键词: 杂交优势;骨干系;育种目标;育种理念;未来育种