Abstract:

To study the trends of high molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） and some quality traits in wheat improvement process， 168 wheat germplasm resources （46 Chinese landraces， 18 introduced modern cultivars， 44 modern Chinese cultivars before 2000 year and 60 modern Chinese cultivars after 2000 year） were selected as materials. The HMW-GS subunit composition， amylose content， wet gluten content and sedimentation value were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 13 subunit types were detected at the Glu-1 loci. At Glu-A1 locus， there were 2 subunit types with the null subunit being predominant （67.86%）， there were 8 subunit types with subunit 7+8 being predominant （60.71%） at Glu-B1 locus， and there were 3 subunit types with subunit 2+12 being predominant （73.21%） at Glu-D1 locus. The 13 subunit types formed 21 different subunit combinations. The combinations N/7+8/2+12， N/7+9/2+12， 1/7+8/5+10 and 1/7+9/5+10 appeared more frequently， accounting for 44.05%， 10.12%， 8.33% and 7.74%， respectively. The amylose content ranged from 11.11% to 24.31% with a coefficient of variation of 10.51%， the wet gluten content ranged from 24.43% to 69.36% with a coefficient of variation of 19.06%， and the sedimentation value ranged from 20.50 to 61.33 mL with a coefficient of variation of 15.92%. To sum up， during wheat improvement， the number of HMW-GS types and combinations gradually increased， amylose content significantly increased， wet gluten content significantly decreased， and sedimentation value showed no significant change. Scoring of subunit combinations indicated that there were 22 materials with both quality scores and sedimentation value scores greater than 9. Above results provided important germplasm resources and reference for the further breeding of high-quality varieties with superior subunits.

Key words: wheat germplasm resources, high-molecular-weight glutenin, amylose, wet gluten, sedimentation value

摘要：

为研究高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（high molecular weight glutenin subunits， HMW-GS）和部分品质性状在小麦改良过程中的变化趋势，选取168份小麦种质资源（46份农家种、18份国外品种、44份2000年前育成品种、60份2000年后育成品种），对其HMW-GS、直链淀粉含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值进行分析。结果表明，在Glu-1位点共检测出13种亚基类型，其中Glu-A1位点有2种亚基类型，以亚基null为主，占比67.86%；Glu-B1位点有8种亚基类型，以7+8亚基为主，占比60.71%；Glu-D1位点有3种亚基类型，以亚基2+12为主，占比73.21%。13种亚基类型共构成21种亚基组合，其中，N/7+8/2+12、N/7+9/2+12、1/7+8/5+10和1/7+9/5+10亚基组合出现的频率较高，占比分别为44.05%、10.12%、8.33%和7.74%。168份小麦种质的直链淀粉含量为11.11%~24.31%，变异系数为10.51%；湿面筋含量为24.43%~69.36%，变异系数为19.06%；沉降值为20.50~61.33 mL，变异系数为15.92%。综上，在小麦品种改良过程中，HMW-GS类型及组合数量逐渐增加，直链淀粉含量显著提高，湿面筋含量显著降低，沉降值无显著变化。对亚基组合进行评分发现，有22份种质的品质评分和沉降值评分均大于9。研究结果为进一步利用优质亚基选育优质品种提供重要的种质资源和参考依据。

关键词: 小麦种质资源, 高分子量麦谷蛋白, 直链淀粉, 湿面筋, 沉降值