Abstract: In order to explore the effects of long-term application of crop residue and mineral fertilizer on physiological characteristics in plant leaves and yield of barley (Hordaum vulgare L.) under barley and double-cropping rice triple crops planting pattern, a long-term field experiment established by 33 a in Ningxiang county of Hunan Province was carried out, the protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics of barley leaves, and yield of barley with different  fertilizer treatments were investigated from 2018 to 2020 in the present paper. The experiment included three different fertilizer treatments: without fertilizer  (CK1),  chemical fertilizer alone (CK2) and  crop residue and chemical fertilizer (RF). The results showed that activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in barley leaves of RF and CK2 treatments  increased when compared with CK1 treatment at different main growth stages of barley. Meanwhile, compared with CK1 treatment, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro)  in  leaves of RF and CK2 treatments  decreased at different main growth stages of barley. ANOV result indicated that activities of SOD, POD and CAT in leaves of  RF treatment were significantly higher (P＜0.05) than those of CK1 treatment, and the MDA and Pro contents in leaves  of RF treatment were significantly lower (P＜0.05) than those of CK1 treatment at different main growth stages of barley. Meanwhile, the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate in leaves of   RF treatment were significantly higher (P＜0.05) than that of CK1 treatment at different main growth stages of barley. The order of barley yield with different fertilizer treatments from 2018 to 2020 were showed as RF＞CK2＞CK1, and the grain yields of  RF treatment were significantly higher (P＜0.05) than those of CK1 treatment. Compared with CK1 treatment, the grain yield of  RF treatment was increased by 571.5 and 576.9 kg·hm^-2 from 2018 and 2020. As a result, it was an effective way to improve protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of barley  by appling crop residue and chemical fertilizer, which provided the physiological basis for higher grain yield of barley.

Key words: fertilizer regime, barley, physiological characteristics, protective enzyme, yield

摘要： 为探明在大麦-双季稻多熟制条件下，长期秸秆还田配施化肥措施对大麦植株主要生育期叶片生理特性和产量的影响，于2018—2020年在长期定位试验（33年）的基础上，系统分析了无肥（CK1）、单独施用化肥（CK2）和秸秆还田配施化肥（RF）3种不同施肥条件下植株叶片保护性酶活性、光合指标及产量的变化特征。结果表明，RF显著提高了大麦植株主要生育期叶片的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，降低了丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸（Pro）含量；CK2植株叶片中SOD、POD和CAT活性均显著高于CK1，而MDA和Pro含量均显著低于CK1。在大麦主要生育期，RF植株叶片的光合指标（蒸腾速率、气孔导度和净光合速率）均显著高于CK1。不同施肥处理下大麦产量在2年均表现为RF＞CK2＞CK1，RF分别较CK1显著增产571.5和576.9 kg·hm^-2。因此，采取秸秆还田配施化肥措施有利于增强大麦植株叶片抗氧化酶活性，改善光合特性，为大麦高产奠定生理基础。

关键词: 施肥模式, 大麦, 生理特性, 保护性酶, 产量