Progress in Extraction， Synthetic Metabolic Pathways， and Bioactivity Research of Coffea Alkaloid Main Compounds

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0557

Abstract

Abstract:

Coffea belongs to the Coffea genus， Rubiaceae family， and is an important tropical economic crop. Coffee is widely popular due to its unique flavor and biological functions. Caffeine and trigonelline are key components， which comprise the main flavor of coffee. They have various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory， anti-cancer， metabolism regulation， neuroprotection and diabetes treatment. The extraction and determination methods of coffea alkaloids， the synthetic metabolic pathways of major compounds， and their biological activities were reviewed. Future research directions were explored， including the diversity of coffea alkaloid compounds， extraction and determination methods， biological activities and the development of coffea products， which provided a theoretical reference for further research on coffea-related applications.

Key words: coffea, caffeine, trigonelline, biosynthetic and degradation pathways, biological activities

摘要：

咖啡为茜草科（Rubiaceae）咖啡属（Coffea）植物，是重要的热带经济作物，因其特殊的风味及生物功能深受大众喜爱。咖啡因和葫芦巴碱是咖啡风味物质的重要成分，具有抗炎、抗癌症、调节新陈代谢、神经保护以及治疗糖尿病等多种生物活性。综述近年来咖啡生物碱类物质的提取测定方法及主要化合物的合成代谢途径、生物活性等方面的研究进展，并对未来深入研究咖啡生物碱类化合物多样性、提取测定方法、生物活性以及咖啡产品研发等方向进行了展望，为进一步研究咖啡相关应用提供了理论参考。

关键词: 咖啡, 咖啡碱, 葫芦巴碱, 生物合成和代谢途径, 生物活性

CLC Number:

Linghui YANG, Zhiwei DING, Li GONG, Xuejun LI, Yunping DONG, Zhenjiang LYU. Progress in Extraction， Synthetic Metabolic Pathways， and Bioactivity Research of Coffea Alkaloid Main Compounds[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(8): 132-143.

杨令辉, 丁志伟, 龚黎, 李学俊, 董云萍, 吕振江. 咖啡生物碱类主要化合物的提取、合成代谢途径及活性研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(8): 132-143.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 Alkaloid compounds in Coffea

化合物名称Name of compound	部位Part	参考文献Reference
1，3，7，9-四甲基尿酸 Theacrine	L	［16］
大果咖啡碱 Libertine	L	［16］
甲基大果咖啡碱 Methyllibetine	L	［16］
咖啡因 Caffeine	L， GB， CB	［17-18］
葫芦巴碱 Trigonelline	GB， CB	［17-18］
可可碱 Theobromine	CB	［17］
茶碱 Theophylline	CB	［17］
烟酸 Nicotinic acid	CB	［17］

Fig. 1 Chemical structures of major alkaloids in Coffea

Fig. 2 Biosynthetic pathway of Caffeine［45］Note：AMP—Adenosine monophosphate； IMP—Inosine monophosphate； XMP—Xanthosine 5’-monophosphate； PRPP—Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate； PPi—Protein-protein interactions； ATP—Adenosine-triphosphate； ADP—Adenosine diphosphate； NAD+—Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide； NADH+—Reductive nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide； Pi—Inorganic phosphate； SAM—S-adenosylmethionine； SAH—S-adenosylhomocysteine.

Fig. 3 Metabolic pathway of Caffeine［48］

Fig. 4 Biosynthetic pathway of Trigonelline［45］Note： NaMN—Nicotinic acid mononucleotide； NaAD—Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide； NAD—Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide； NADP—Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate； NMN—β-nicotinamide mononucleotide； PRPP—Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate； PPi—Protein–protein interactions； ATP—Adenosine-triphosphate； ADP—Adenosine diphosphate； AMP—Adenosine monophosphate； SAM—S-adenosylmethionine； SAH—S-adenosylhomocysteine.

Fig. 5 Metabolic pathway of Trigonelline［64］

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