Effects of Fertilization by Mulched Drip Irrigation on Soil Nutrient Accumulation and Distribution in Pear Orchards on Gneiss Mountain Slopes

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2025.0141

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to reveal the vertical distribution pattern of soil nutrients in newly formed pear orchards on gneiss slopes under mulched drip irrigation conditions with the number of years of fertilization， the nutrient accumulation and distribution of pear orchard soils in different soil layers （0 to 20， 20 to 40， 40 to 60 cm） under different years （3~8 years） of mulched drip irrigation were studied using plots without fertilizer and crops for 8 years after land preparation as control. The results showed that the years of fertilization significantly affected the soil nutrient content of pear orchards， except for pH， each nutrient factor reached the peak value in the 8 years of fertilization treatment. Compared with the control， mulched drip irrigation with organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased the contents of organic matter， cation exchange， alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium in pear orchard soil by 6.87%~691.60%， respectively. And the micronutrient contents in different soil layers of the pear orchard also showed a trend of increase with the prolongation of the fertilizer application years， with the increase of 122.00%~258.00%. With the increase of fertilization years， the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus and other contents in 40 to 60 cm soil layer with longer fertilization years were higher than those in 0 to 20 cm soil layer with shorter fertilization years， such as the soil hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus contents in 40 to 60 cm soil layer with fertilization 8 years increased by 24.3% and 31.45%， compared with those in 0 to 20 cm soil layer with fertilization 3 years， which indicated that long-term fertilization drived the migration of nutrients to the deeper layer. The soil nutrient contents showed the phenomenon of epimerization as a whole， and the fertilization 5 years was the inflection point of vertical migration of nutrients， after which the accumulation rate of available phosphorus and available potassium in the deep soil accelerated， and the coefficient of epimerization decreased. In conclusion， mulched drip irrigation with organic fertilizers could efficiently improve the whole profile soil fertility of pear orchards in gneiss mountains； however， long-term application （>5 years） should lead to available nutrients exceeding the leaching risk threshold， which should be combined with deep-rooted crops to regulate or optimize the frequency of fertilization.

Key words: gneiss, newly formed soil, mulched drip irrigation, nutrient accumulation and distribution

摘要：

为揭示膜下滴灌条件下，片麻岩山坡地新成土梨园土壤养分随施肥年限的垂直分布规律，以整地后8年内未施肥、未种植作物的地块为对照，研究不同膜下滴灌施肥年限（3~8年）下，不同土层（0—20、20—40、40—60 cm）梨园土壤的养分积累与分布。结果表明，施肥年限显著影响梨园土壤养分含量，除pH外，各养分因子均以施肥8年处理最高。与对照相比，膜下滴灌配施有机肥处理显著提高梨园土壤的有机质、阳离子交换量、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量，增幅为6.87%~691.60%；同时，梨园不同土层土壤中的微量元素含量也随施肥年限的延长呈增加趋势，增幅为122.00%~258.00%。随着施肥年限的增加，存在较长施肥年限40—60 cm土层中水解氮、有效磷等含量高于较短施肥年限0—20 cm土层养分含量现象，其中，施肥8年处理的40—60 cm土壤水解性氮和有效磷含量较施肥3年处理0—20 cm土壤分别增加24.3%和31.45%，由此表明，长期施肥驱动养分向深层迁移。土壤各养分含量整体呈现表聚现象，以施肥第5年为养分垂直迁移拐点，此后深层土壤的有效磷、速效钾累积速率加快，表聚系数降低。综上表明，膜下滴灌施肥与有机肥配施可高效提升片麻岩山地梨园全剖面土壤肥力，但长期施用（>5年）将导致速效养分突破淋失风险阈值，因此需结合深根作物调控或优化施肥频次。

关键词: 片麻岩, 新成土, 膜下滴灌, 养分积累与分布

CLC Number:

S365

Shanshan TONG, Feng JIN, Qingzhu YANG, Ruifang ZHANG, Xinxin WANG, Hong WANG. Effects of Fertilization by Mulched Drip Irrigation on Soil Nutrient Accumulation and Distribution in Pear Orchards on Gneiss Mountain Slopes[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(9): 181-192.

仝姗姗, 金锋, 杨清竹, 张瑞芳, 王鑫鑫, 王红. 膜下滴灌施肥对片麻岩新生土梨园土壤养分积累与分布的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(9): 181-192.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Analysis of variance in vertical distribution of soil in pear orchard with different fertilization years

指标 Index	施肥年限 Fertilization year	土壤深度 Soil depth	施肥年限×土壤深度 Fertilization years×soil depth
有机质Organic matter	32.098^***	85.951^***	3.123^**
水解性氮Alkali-hydrolyzable N	19.422^***	31.203^***	2.323^*
有效磷Available P	24.601^***	101.699^***	12.396^***
速效钾Available K	45.374^***	190.960^***	18.455^***
pH	0.268	0.059	0.223
全盐Full salt	21.247^***	17.829^***	6.578^***
阳离子交换量Cation exchange	9.985^***	3.142	2.228^*
交换性钙Exchangeable Ca	8.789^***	10.234^**	5.285^***
交换性镁Exchangeable Mg	18.790^***	18.448^***	1.874
有效硫Available S	77.511^***	37.805^***	50.142^***
有效铁Available Fe	32.541^***	20.059^***	3.186^**
有效锰Available Mn	28.665^***	17.086^***	2.944^**
有效铜Available Cu	20.937^***	10.827^***	2.747^**
有效锌Available Zn	64.530^***	30.250^***	10.922^***

Fig. 1 Soil physicochemical properties in different soil layers of pear orchards under different fertilization yearsNote：Different English letters indicate significant differences between different fertilization years in same soil layer at P<0.05 level； different Greece letters indicate significant differences between different soil layers of same fertilization year at P<0.05 level.

Fig. 2 Major elements in different soil layers of pear orchards under different fertilization yearsNote：Different English letters indicate significant differences between different fertilization years in same soil layer at P<0.05 level； different Greece letters indicate significant differences between different soil layers of same fertilization year at P<0.05 level.

Fig. 3 Medium elements in different soil layers of pear orchards under different fertilizer yearsNote：Different English letters indicate significant differences between different fertilization years in same soil layer at P<0.05 level； different Greece letters indicate significant differences between different soil layers of same fertilization year at P<0.05 level.

Fig. 4 Trace elements contents in different soil layers of pear orchards under different fertilization yearsNote：Different English letters indicate significant differences between different fertilization years in same soil layer at P<0.05 level； different Greece letters indicate significant differences between different soil layers of same fertilization year at P<0.05 level.

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis of soil nutrient indexes in pear orchardsNote： * and ** indicate significant correlation at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels； respectively. AK—Available K； AP—Available P； N—Alkali-hydrolyzable N； SOM—Organic matter； pH—Soil pH； Ca—Exchangeable Ca； Mg—Exchangeable Mg； S—Available S； Fe—Available Fe； Mn—Available Mn； Cu—Available Cu； Zn—Available Zn.

Table 2 Soil nutrient grade in different soil layers of pear orchards under different fertilization years

处理 Treatment	土层 Soil layer/cm	等级Grade
处理 Treatment	土层 Soil layer/cm	有机质 Organic matter	水解性氮Alkali-hydrolyzable N	有效磷Available P	速效钾Available K	有效铁Available Fe	有效锰Available Mn	有效铜Available Cu	有效锌Available Zn
CK	0—20	5	5	4	4	3	5	3	3
	20—40	5	5	5	5	3	5	4	3
	40—60	5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4
SF3	0—20	4	4	2	1	1	5	3	1
	20—40	5	5	4	1	3	5	3	3
	40—60	4	5	4	1	2	5	4	3
SF4	0—20	3	3	1	1	1	4	2	1
	20—40	4	5	3	1	2	5	3	1
	40—60	5	5	4	1	2	5	4	3
SF5	0—20	2	3	1	1	1	4	2	1
	20—40	4	5	3	1	2	5	3	2
	40—60	4	5	4	1	2	5	2	3
SF6	0—20	2	3	1	1	1	4	2	1
	20—40	4	4	3	1	1	5	2	1
	40—60	5	4	3	1	1	4	2	1
SF7	0—20	1	2	1	1	1	4	2	1
	20—40	3	3	2	1	1	4	2	1
	40—60	4	4	3	1	1	4	2	1
SF8	0—20	1	2	1	1	1	4	2	1
	20—40	3	3	2	1	1	4	2	1
	40—60	4	4	3	1	1	4	2	1

Fig. 6 Soil nutrient grade evaluation of pear orchardNote：AK—Available K； AP—Available P； N—Alkali-hydrolyzable N； SOM—Organic matter； Fe—Available Fe； Mn—Available Mn； Cu—Available Cu； Zn—Available Zn.

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