陆地棉苗期的耐盐碱性评价及鉴定指标筛选

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0085

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为综合评价陆地棉的耐盐碱性并筛选出关键鉴定指标，以90份不同来源的陆地棉品种为试验材料，通过主成分分析、聚类分析和逐步回归法对不同品种萌发期、出苗期和苗期的耐盐碱性进行综合评价，并筛选鉴定指标。结果表明，苗期受到胁迫，棉花下胚轴、株高、叶片数及第1片真叶面积降低，出苗率和叶片SPAD值升高。相关分析表明，株高与出苗率显著正相关，与下胚轴长、叶片数和第1片真叶面积呈极显著正相关。对90份品种的综合评价D值排序，军棉1号的D值最高，耐盐碱性最强；中棉所49的D值最小，耐盐碱性最弱。根据D值进行聚类，将90份品种划分为4类：强耐盐碱品种3份、中耐盐碱品种18份、弱耐盐碱品种52份和盐敏感品种17份。依据最佳回归方程筛选出4个关键鉴定指标：出苗率、叶片SPAD值、第1片真叶面积和株高，为棉花进行初步的耐盐碱性鉴定提供了理论依据。

关键词: 棉花, 苗期, 耐盐性, 鉴定指标

Abstract:

In order to comprehensively evaluate the salt-alkali tolerance of upland cotton and screen out the key identification indexes， 90 cotton varieties from different origins were as materials. The salt tolerances of 90 varieties were evaluated by principal component analysis， cluster analysis and stepwise regression， and the key identification indicators were screened. The results showed that the hypocotyl lengths， plant height， number of leaves， leaf area of the first true leaf of cotton at seedling stage decreased under stress， while the emergence rate and SPAD value increased. Plant height significantly positively correlated with seedling emergence rate， and extremely significantly positively correlated with hypocotyl length， leaf number and first true leaf area. According to the D values， Junmian 1 was the highest with the strongest saline-alkaline tolerance， while Zhongmiansuo 49 was the lowest with the worst saline-alkaline tolerance. And 90 varieties were classified into 4 groups including 3 varieties with strong saline-alkali resistant， 18 varieties with medium saline-alkali resistant， 52 varieties with weak saline-alkali resistant and 17 varieties with salt sensitive. According to the optimal regression equation， emergence rate， SPAD value， leaf area of the first true leaf and plant height were selected for identifying salt tolerance of cotton， which should provide theoretical basis for the preliminary identification of salt and alkali resistance of cotton.

Key words: cotton, seedling stage, salt resistance, appraisal indicators

中图分类号:

S562

黄雅婕, 任丹, 李生梅, 崔进鑫, 杨涛, 任姣姣, 高文伟. 陆地棉苗期的耐盐碱性评价及鉴定指标筛选[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(5): 46-55.

Yajie HUANG, Dan REN, Shengmei LI, Jinxin CUI, Tao YANG, Jiaojiao REN, Wenwei GAO. Evaluation and Screening of Salt and Alkali Tolerance Indices of Upland Cotton Seedlings[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(5): 46-55.

图/表 10

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来源Origin	品种Variety	编号ID	来源Origin	品种Variety	编号ID.
黄河流域 Basin of the Yellow River	GK99-1	1	黄河流域Basin of the Yellow River	鲁棉研17 Lumianyan 17	21
	K638	2		山农丰抗棉6号Shannongfengkangmian 6	22
	百棉1号Baimian 1	3		山西引进W4 Shanxi W4	23
	创优9号Chuangyou 9	4		山西引进W5 Shanxi W5	24
	德利农5号Delinong 5	5		山西引进W6 Shanxi W6	25
	富棉289 Fumian 289	6		陕401 Shaan 401	26
	邯郸885 Handan 885	7		陕棉5号 Shaanmian 5	27
	邯棉559 Hanmian 559	8		新木棉5号Xinmumian 5	28
	冀3927 Ji 3927	9		鑫秋1号Xinqiu 1	29
	冀棉15 Jimian 15	10		银山7号Yinshan 7	30
	锦科棉9号Jinkemian 9	11		豫棉17号Yumian 17	31
	晋棉36 Jinmian 36	12		豫棉19号Yumian 19	32
	科抗棉2 Kekangmian 2 （KR028）	13		豫棉1号Yumian 1	33
	鲁458 Lu 458 （7-264）	14		豫棉20号Yumian 20	34
	鲁棉22 Lumian 22	15		豫棉8号Yumian 8	35
	鲁棉28 Lumian 28	16		豫早73 Yuzao 73	36
	鲁棉2号Lumian 2	17		中12 Zhong 12	37
	鲁棉37 Lumian 37	18		中ARC105 Zhong ARC105 （T-105）	38
	鲁棉9号Lumian 9	19		中R773-72 Zhong R773-72 （7-72）	39
	鲁棉研16 Lumianyan 16	20		中棉所17 Zhongmiansuo 17	40

来源Origin	品种Variety	编号ID	来源Origin	品种Variety	编号ID.
黄河流域 Basin of the Yellow River	GK99-1	1	黄河流域Basin of the Yellow River	鲁棉研17 Lumianyan 17	21
	K638	2		山农丰抗棉6号Shannongfengkangmian 6	22
	百棉1号Baimian 1	3		山西引进W4 Shanxi W4	23
	创优9号Chuangyou 9	4		山西引进W5 Shanxi W5	24
	德利农5号Delinong 5	5		山西引进W6 Shanxi W6	25
	富棉289 Fumian 289	6		陕401 Shaan 401	26
	邯郸885 Handan 885	7		陕棉5号 Shaanmian 5	27
	邯棉559 Hanmian 559	8		新木棉5号Xinmumian 5	28
	冀3927 Ji 3927	9		鑫秋1号Xinqiu 1	29
	冀棉15 Jimian 15	10		银山7号Yinshan 7	30
	锦科棉9号Jinkemian 9	11		豫棉17号Yumian 17	31
	晋棉36 Jinmian 36	12		豫棉19号Yumian 19	32
	科抗棉2 Kekangmian 2 （KR028）	13		豫棉1号Yumian 1	33
	鲁458 Lu 458 （7-264）	14		豫棉20号Yumian 20	34
	鲁棉22 Lumian 22	15		豫棉8号Yumian 8	35
	鲁棉28 Lumian 28	16		豫早73 Yuzao 73	36
	鲁棉2号Lumian 2	17		中12 Zhong 12	37
	鲁棉37 Lumian 37	18		中ARC105 Zhong ARC105 （T-105）	38
	鲁棉9号Lumian 9	19		中R773-72 Zhong R773-72 （7-72）	39
	鲁棉研16 Lumianyan 16	20		中棉所17 Zhongmiansuo 17	40

来源Origin	品种Variety	编号No.	来源Origin	品种Variety	编号No.
黄河流域Basin of the Yellow River	中棉所24 Zhongmiansuo 24	41	长江流域Basin of the Yangtze River	苏棉8号Sumian 8	66
	中棉所25 Zhongmiansuo 25	42		宛棉3号Wanmian 3	67
	中棉所3号Zhongmiansuo 3	43		皖棉17 Wanmian 17	68
	中棉所43 Zhongmiansuo 43	44		湘棉13号Xiangmian 13	69
	中棉所44 Zhongmiansuo 44	45		湘棉16号Xiangmian 16	70
	中棉所45 Zhongmiansuo 45	46		盐1074 Yan 1074	71
	中棉所49 Zhongmiansuo 49	47		盐1113Yan 1113	72
	中棉所5号Zhongmiansuo 5	48		盐棉1号Yanmian 1	73
	中棉所9号Zhongmiansuo 9	49		一树红Yishuhong	74
	中宿410408 Zhongsu 410408	50		渝棉1号Yumian 1	75
	中资4480 Zhongzi 4480 （7-61）	51	西北内陆Inland Northwest	军棉1号Junmian 1	76
长江流域Basin of the Yangtze River	川R128 Chuan R128	52		新陆早12号Xinlluzao 12	77
	鄂光棉Eguangmian	53		新陆早1号Xinluzao 1	78
	鄂抗棉9号Ekangmian 9	54		新陆早28号Xinluzao 28	79
	鄂棉13号Emian 13	55		新陆早30号Xinluzao 30	80
	鄂棉18号Emian 18	56		新陆中21号Xinluzhong 21	81
	鄂棉9号Emian 9	57		新陆中33 Xinluzhong 33	82
	荆55168 Jing 55168 （7-42）	58		新陆中35 Xinluzhong 35	83
	泗棉2号Simian 2	59	北部特早熟Early mature region	朝阳棉1号Chaoyangmian 1	84
	泗棉3号Simian 3	60		辽棉19号Liaomian 19	85
	泗阳331 Siyang 331	61		辽棉3号Liaomian 3	86
	苏7036 Su 7036 （7-15）	62		辽棉6号Liaomian 6	87
	苏棉11号Sumian 11	63	美国 America	HS427-10	88
	苏棉20号Sumian 20	64		岱字棉15 Deltapine 15	89
	苏棉4号Sumian 4	65		金字棉King cotton	90

来源Origin	品种Variety	编号No.	来源Origin	品种Variety	编号No.
黄河流域Basin of the Yellow River	中棉所24 Zhongmiansuo 24	41	长江流域Basin of the Yangtze River	苏棉8号Sumian 8	66
	中棉所25 Zhongmiansuo 25	42		宛棉3号Wanmian 3	67
	中棉所3号Zhongmiansuo 3	43		皖棉17 Wanmian 17	68
	中棉所43 Zhongmiansuo 43	44		湘棉13号Xiangmian 13	69
	中棉所44 Zhongmiansuo 44	45		湘棉16号Xiangmian 16	70
	中棉所45 Zhongmiansuo 45	46		盐1074 Yan 1074	71
	中棉所49 Zhongmiansuo 49	47		盐1113Yan 1113	72
	中棉所5号Zhongmiansuo 5	48		盐棉1号Yanmian 1	73
	中棉所9号Zhongmiansuo 9	49		一树红Yishuhong	74
	中宿410408 Zhongsu 410408	50		渝棉1号Yumian 1	75
	中资4480 Zhongzi 4480 （7-61）	51	西北内陆Inland Northwest	军棉1号Junmian 1	76
长江流域Basin of the Yangtze River	川R128 Chuan R128	52		新陆早12号Xinlluzao 12	77
	鄂光棉Eguangmian	53		新陆早1号Xinluzao 1	78
	鄂抗棉9号Ekangmian 9	54		新陆早28号Xinluzao 28	79
	鄂棉13号Emian 13	55		新陆早30号Xinluzao 30	80
	鄂棉18号Emian 18	56		新陆中21号Xinluzhong 21	81
	鄂棉9号Emian 9	57		新陆中33 Xinluzhong 33	82
	荆55168 Jing 55168 （7-42）	58		新陆中35 Xinluzhong 35	83
	泗棉2号Simian 2	59	北部特早熟Early mature region	朝阳棉1号Chaoyangmian 1	84
	泗棉3号Simian 3	60		辽棉19号Liaomian 19	85
	泗阳331 Siyang 331	61		辽棉3号Liaomian 3	86
	苏7036 Su 7036 （7-15）	62		辽棉6号Liaomian 6	87
	苏棉11号Sumian 11	63	美国 America	HS427-10	88
	苏棉20号Sumian 20	64		岱字棉15 Deltapine 15	89
	苏棉4号Sumian 4	65		金字棉King cotton	90

性状Trait	CK				ST
性状Trait	极小值 Min.	极大值 Max.	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%	极小值 Min.	极大值 Max.	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%
出苗率ER/%	0.45	0.98	0.83±0.09	10.46	0.60	1.00	0.87±0.09	9.94
下胚轴长HL/cm	3.46	6.68	4.93±0.64	12.95	3.40	6.56	4.72±0.61	12.87
株高PH/cm	5.80	15.78	11.13±1.73	15.57	5.88	14.64	10.47±1.58	15.05
叶片数NL	4.00	6.20	5.79±0.32	5.50	4.00	6.00	5.58±0.40	7.11
SPAD值SPAD value	38.74	56.56	47.09±3.36	7.14	41.42	67.66	50.10±4.22	8.43
第1片真叶面积LA of the first true leaf/cm²	6.96	17.42	11.41±2.38	20.85	3.58	16.43	8.29±2.33	28.04