生物-化学联用对钾长石的活化效果及其肥效

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0410

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用解钾菌和活化剂联用技术，研究不同用量活化剂和处理方式对钾长石的活化效果，通过X射线衍射和玉米盆栽试验探究生物-化学联用的活化机理及其肥效。结果表明，不同解钾菌（YC602、YC605和YC606）与活化剂QN联用对钾长石中水溶性钾和有效钾的释放均有效果，YC602提升效果最佳。选定YC602与QN进行优化试验，其中T1处理（5%QN+100 ℃烘干+YC602）和T3处理（3%QN+水浸泡+200 ℃烘干+YC602）活化效果较好，提高活化剂用量有利于水溶性钾和有效钾的释放。培养时间对于有效钾的释放影响不大，而水溶性钾含量以培养24 h效果最佳。盆栽试验结果表明，减少50%氯化钾施用的条件下，联用技术T2A处理组可有效促进玉米生长。淋溶试验表明，联用技术可有效减少钾素淋溶流失，肥效较持久。联用活化技术在常温常压条件下就可提高钾长石的有效性，明显降低活化成本，并可大幅减少氯化钾用量，具有减量增效和绿色环保的优势。

关键词: 钾长石, 解钾菌, 活化, 钾释放, 玉米

Abstract:

The activation effect of potassium feldspar （K-feldspar） with different dosage and treatment methods were studied by using potassium-solubilizing bacteria （KSB） and activator. The activation mechanism and fertilizer efficiency of biological-chemical combination were explored by X-ray diffraction and corn pot experiment. Different KSB （YC602， YC605 and YC606） combined with activator QN could release water-soluble potassium and available potassium from K-feldspar， and YC602 had the best enhancing effect. YC602 and QN were selected for optimization test， T1 （5%QN+drying at 100 ℃+YC602） and T3 （3%QN+ soaking in water+drying at 200 ℃+YC602） had better activation. Increasing the dosage of activator was beneficial for releasing of water soluble potassium and available potassium.Culture time had little effect on the release of available potassium， while the amount of water-soluble potassium was the best for 24 h. The pot experiment showed that T2A treatment group could effectively promote the growth of maize under the condition of reducing 50% potassium chloride application. Leaching experiment showed that combined technology could effectively reduce the leaching loss of potassium， and the long-lasting fertilizer efficiency. Therefore， bio-chemical combined technology could improve the effectiveness of K-feldspar at normal temperature and pressure， significantly reduce the activation cost， and greatly reduce the potassium chloride consumption， which had the advantages of reduction， efficiency and environmental protection.

Key words: K-feldspar, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, activation, releasing K, corn

中图分类号:

S143

刘晓玉, 盛锡兴, 廖宗文, 林黎珍, 黎坤婷, 蔡燕飞, 陈火君. 生物-化学联用对钾长石的活化效果及其肥效[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(7): 132-140.

Xiaoyu LIU, Xixing SHENG, Zongwen LIAO, Lizhen LIN, Kunting LI, Yanfei CAI, Huojun CHEN. Activating Effect and Fertilizer Efficiency of Bio-chemical Combination on Potassium Feldspar[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(7): 132-140.

图/表 13

表1 钾长石不同制备方法的设置

Table 1 Design of different method for making k-feldspar

处理Treatment	处理代号Treatment code	处理内容Treatment method
化学活化Chemical activation	C1	5%QN + 钾长石 + 100 ℃烘干 5%QN + K-feldspar + drying at 100 ℃
生物活化Biological activation	B1	钾长石 + YC602 K-feldspar + YC602
	B2	钾长石 + YC605 K-feldspar + YC605
	B3	钾长石 + YC606 K-feldspar + YC606
生物-化学联用 Bio-chemical activation	U1	C1 + YC602
	U2	C1 + YC605
	U3	C1 + YC606

表2 不同活化优化条件设置

Table 2 Design of difference activation condition

处理Treatment	处理代号Treatment code	处理内容Treatment method
化学活化Chemical activation	CK1	5%QN + 100 ℃烘干 5%QN + drying at 100 ℃
	CK2	3%QN + 100 ℃烘干 3%QN + drying at 100 ℃
	CK3	3%QN + 水浸泡 + 200 ℃烘干 3%QN + water soaking + drying at 200 ℃
生物-化学联用 Bio-chemical activation	T1	CK1 + YC602
	T2	CK2 + YC602
	T3	CK3 + YC602
生物活化Biological activation	T4	YC602 + 钾长石 YC602 + K-feldspar

表3 生物-化学活化钾长石玉米盆栽试验施肥方案

Table 3 Bio?chemical combination of fertilization program in corn pot experiment

处理代号Treatment code	处理内容Treatment method
MCK0	无KCl Without KCl
MCK1	2.28 g钾长石 + YC602 2.28 g K-feldspar + YC602
MCK2	0.5 g KCl
T1A （5%QN）	2.28 g活化钾长石 + YC602 2.28 g activated K-feldspar + YC602
T2A （5%QN）	1.14 g活化钾长石 + 0.25 g KCl + YC602 1.14 g activated K-feldspar + 0.25 g KCl + YC602

图1 不同解钾菌对钾长石水溶性钾的释放效果注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。

Fig. 1 Release effects of different KSB on the water?soluble K of K?feldsparNote： Different small letters indicate significant differences（P<0.05）.

图2 不同活化方法钾长石有效钾的释放效果注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。

Fig. 2 Release effects of under different methods on the available K of K?feldsparNote： Different small letters indicate significant differences（P<0.05）.

图3 不同处理下钾长石水溶性钾的活化注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。

Fig. 3 Activation of water?soluble K of K?feldspar under different treatmentNote： Different small letters indicate significant differences（P<0.05）.

图4 不同处理对钾长石有效钾的活化注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。

Fig. 4 Activation of available K of K?feldspar under different treatmentNote： Different small letters indicate significant differences（P<0.05）.

图 5 不同培养时间对水溶性钾释放的影响注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。

Fig. 5 Effect of different incubation time on the release of water?soluble KNote： Different small letters indicate significant differences（P<0.05）.

图 6 不同培养时间对有效钾释放的影响注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。

Fig. 6 Effect of different incubation time on the release of available KNote： Different small letters indicate significant differences（P<0.05）.

图7 原始钾长石的X射线衍射图

Fig. 7 X?ray diffraction pattern of the original K?feldspar

图8 活化剂和联用处理的钾长石X射线衍射图

Fig. 8 X?ray diffraction pattern of K?feldspar treated with activator and bio?chemical combination

表4 玉米农艺性状即茎叶矿物元素含量

Table 4 Agricultural characteristics of corn and content of mineral element in its stem and leaf

性状或元素 Characteristics or element	CK0	CK1	CK2	T1A	T2A
株高 Plant height /cm	86.72±0.74 b	89.53±1.22 ab	92.30±1.22 a	89.68±1.38 ab	90.15±1.03 ab
茎粗 Stem diameter /mm	7.36±0.16 c	7.33±0.11 c	8.07±0.12 a	7.46±0.18 bc	7.84±0.16 ab
鲜重 Fresh weight /g	19.85±1.09 b	20.32±1.09 b	24.16±0.49 a	21.07±0.80 b	23.69±0.57 a
干重 Dry weight/g	2.65±0.14 b	2.67±0.09 b	3.01±0.06 a	2.78±0.09 ab	3.02±0.10 a
全钾 Total Kpotassium/mg	40.85±3.31 d	55.70±2.76 c	113.18±2.73 a	54.78±3.30 c	95.31±7.27 b
全钙 Total calcium /mg	20.58±0.79 a	19.77±1.45 a	20.23±0.33 a	20.58±0.81 a	20.06±1.20 a
全镁 Total magnesium /mg	4.83±0.26 a	4.81±0.24 a	4.78±0.61 a	5.33±0.28 a	4.83±0.32 a

图 9 不同处理下淋溶3次的水溶性钾含量注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。

Fig. 9 Content of water?soluble K leached three times under different treatmentNote： Different small letters indicate significant differences（P<0.05）.

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