烤烟叶片叶绿体超微结构与质体色素降解产物的关系初探

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0573

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确烤烟叶片叶绿体超微结构与质体色素降解产物含量的关系，以云烟87为试验材料，对未熟和适熟的上、中、下部位烟叶的叶绿体超微结构进行观测，并对不同部位烟叶的质体色素降解产物含量进行测定。结果表明，未熟烟叶细胞叶绿体中淀粉颗粒数、嗜锇颗粒数、基粒数和高基粒片层占比在不同部位间差异显著，均表现为上部叶>中部叶>下部叶；适熟烟叶细胞叶绿体中淀粉颗粒数、嗜锇颗粒数与未熟烟叶在不同部位间的差异表现一致，而基粒数、高基粒片层占比与未熟烟叶的差异表现相反，为上部叶<中部叶<下部叶，且不同部位间差异显著；烤烟烟叶的质体色素降解产物含量在不同部位间也存在显著差异，表现为上部叶>中部叶>下部叶。质体色素降解产物含量与未熟和适熟烟叶的淀粉颗粒数、嗜锇颗粒数呈极显著正相关，与未熟烟叶的基粒数、高基粒片层占比呈极显著正相关，与适熟烟叶的基粒数、高基粒片层占比呈极显著负相关。综上，未熟烟叶细胞叶绿体中基粒数、基粒片层垛叠程度和适熟烟叶的基粒片层结构解体程度与质体色素降解产物的含量有较强相关性，此结果为筛选烤烟优质品种和提升香气质量的研究提供了理论依据。

关键词: 烤烟, 叶绿体, 超微结构, 基粒片层, 质体色素降解产物

Abstract:

In order to clarify the relationship between chloroplast ultrastructure and degrading products of plastid pigment in flue-cured tobacco leaves， Yunyan 87 was used as experimental materials to observe and analyze the chloroplast ultrastructure of unripe and ripe leaves at lower， middle and upper positions， and determine degrading products of plastid pigment in flue-cured tobacco leaves at different position. The results showed that the number of starch granules， osmiophilic granules and chloroplast granum， and the proportion of high granum lamella in the chloroplast of unripe tobacco leaves were significantly different among different leaf positions， which showed upper leaves > middle leaves > lower leaves. The trends of number of starch granules and osmiophilic granules in the chloroplast of ripe leaves at different leaf positions were consistent with unripe leaves， while the trends of number of chloroplast granum and the proportion of high granum lamella in the chloroplast of ripe leaves at different leaf positions were opposite with unripe leaves， which showed upper leaves < middle leaves < lower leaves. The contents of the degrading products in plastid pigment of the flue-cured tobacco were extremely significantly positively correlated with the number of starch granules and osmiophilic granules in unripe and ripe tobacco leaves， were extremely significantly positively correlated with the number of chloroplast granum and the proportion of high granum lamella in unripe tobacco leaves， and were extremely significantly negatively correlated with the number of chloroplast granum and the proportion of high granum lamella in ripe tobacco leaves. In conclusion， the number of chloroplast granum and the complexity of granum lamella structure in the unripe leaves and the disintegration degree of granum lamella structure in the ripe leaves were close relations with the contents of degrading products of plastid pigment， which should provide theoretical basis for improving aroma quality and aroma quantity of tobacco leaves.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, chloroplast, ultrastructure, granum lamella, degrading products of plastid pigment

中图分类号:

S572

王玉, 李春光, 刘欢, 张月华, 冯晓民, 李耀光, 李怀奇, 景延秋, 孙觅. 烤烟叶片叶绿体超微结构与质体色素降解产物的关系初探[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(3): 67-76.

Yu WANG, Chunguang LI, Huan LIU, Yuehua ZHANG, Xiaomin FENG, Yaoguang LI, Huaiqi LI, Yanqiu JING, Mi SUN. Study on Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves and Its Relationship with Degrading Products of Plastid Pigment[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(3): 67-76.

图/表 10

参考文献 29

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成熟度 Maturity	部位 Leaf position	淀粉颗粒数 Starch granules number	嗜锇颗粒数 Osmiophilic number	基粒数 Granum number
未熟 Unripe	上部叶UL	2.43±0.18 a	5.76±0.14 a	16.18±0.41 a
	中部叶ML	1.66±0.18 b	3.89±0.16 b	14.07±0.24 b
	下部叶LL	1.24±0.21 c	2.73±0.22 c	8.29±0.42 c
适熟 Ripe	上部叶UL	3.44±0.24 a	9.85±1.39 a	7.79±0.57 c
	中部叶ML	2.59±0.23 b	6.30±0.86 b	11.92±1.63 b
	下部叶LL	1.65±0.26 c	3.47±0.65 c	14.44±0.91 a

成熟度 Maturity	部位 Leaf position	淀粉颗粒数 Starch granules number	嗜锇颗粒数 Osmiophilic number	基粒数 Granum number
未熟 Unripe	上部叶UL	2.43±0.18 a	5.76±0.14 a	16.18±0.41 a
	中部叶ML	1.66±0.18 b	3.89±0.16 b	14.07±0.24 b
	下部叶LL	1.24±0.21 c	2.73±0.22 c	8.29±0.42 c
适熟 Ripe	上部叶UL	3.44±0.24 a	9.85±1.39 a	7.79±0.57 c
	中部叶ML	2.59±0.23 b	6.30±0.86 b	11.92±1.63 b
	下部叶LL	1.65±0.26 c	3.47±0.65 c	14.44±0.91 a

香味物质 Aroma constituents		上部叶 UL	中部叶 ML	下部叶 LL
中性香气成分 NACC	中性香气成分 NACC	847.89±28.14 a	732.44±13.92 b	584.01±21.16 c
叶绿素降解产物 CHLDPC	新植二烯 Neophytadiene	695.51±9.35 a	522.04±27.94 b	416.81±15.68 c
类胡萝卜素降解产物 CARDPC	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇 6-methyl-5-Hepten-2-ol	2.72±0.03 a	0.41±0.10 c	1.36±0.30 b
	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one	0.62±0.15 a	0.07±0.05 b	0.18±0.18 b
	芳樟醇 Linalool	0.76±0.04 a	0.90±0.13 a	0.89±0.24 a
	异佛尔酮 Isophorone	0.17±0.03 a	0.17±0.02 a	0.11±0.05 b
	氧化异佛尔酮 Isophorone oxide	0.22±0.01 b	0.19±0.02 b	0.40±0.12 a
	藏花醛 Safranal	0.15±0.01 a	0.16±0.04 a	0.08±0.01 b
	β-环柠檬醛 β-cyclocitral	0.56±0.02 a	0.53±0.11 a	0.59±0.33 a
	β-大马酮 β-damascone	21.15±0.25 a	15.46±0.40 b	15.70±2.06 b
	β-二氢大马酮 β-dihydro damascenone	13.51±0.26 a	9.29±0.75 b	9.68±0.76 b
	3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮 3-hydroxy-β-damascone	3.50±0.06 a	3.11±0.91 a	3.49±1.14 a
	香叶基丙酮 Geranylacetone	3.13±0.02 a	2.19±0.46 b	3.46±0.81 a
	二氢猕猴桃内脂 Dihydroactinidiolide	2.88±0.04 a	2.12±0.49 b	2.27±0.40 b
	巨豆三烯酮1 Megastigmatrienone 1	2.44±0.04 ab	3.26±0.88 a	1.99±1.11 b
	巨豆三烯酮2 Megastigmatrienone 2	10.59±0.16 b	11.80±0.51 a	9.82±0.88 c
	巨豆三烯酮3 Megastigmatrienone 3	1.30±0.29 b	2.94±0.59 a	1.09±0.25 b
	巨豆三烯酮4 Megastigmatrienone 4	13.51±0.16 b	15.45±0.44 a	9.84±2.32 c
	螺岩兰草酮 Solavetivone	1.31±0.16 b	2.67±0.63 a	0.45±0.23 c
	法尼基丙酮 Farnesyl acetone	13.27±0.17 a	9.16±0.39 b	11.62±2.00 a

香味物质 Aroma constituents		上部叶 UL	中部叶 ML	下部叶 LL
中性香气成分 NACC	中性香气成分 NACC	847.89±28.14 a	732.44±13.92 b	584.01±21.16 c
叶绿素降解产物 CHLDPC	新植二烯 Neophytadiene	695.51±9.35 a	522.04±27.94 b	416.81±15.68 c
类胡萝卜素降解产物 CARDPC	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇 6-methyl-5-Hepten-2-ol	2.72±0.03 a	0.41±0.10 c	1.36±0.30 b
	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one	0.62±0.15 a	0.07±0.05 b	0.18±0.18 b
	芳樟醇 Linalool	0.76±0.04 a	0.90±0.13 a	0.89±0.24 a
	异佛尔酮 Isophorone	0.17±0.03 a	0.17±0.02 a	0.11±0.05 b
	氧化异佛尔酮 Isophorone oxide	0.22±0.01 b	0.19±0.02 b	0.40±0.12 a
	藏花醛 Safranal	0.15±0.01 a	0.16±0.04 a	0.08±0.01 b
	β-环柠檬醛 β-cyclocitral	0.56±0.02 a	0.53±0.11 a	0.59±0.33 a
	β-大马酮 β-damascone	21.15±0.25 a	15.46±0.40 b	15.70±2.06 b
	β-二氢大马酮 β-dihydro damascenone	13.51±0.26 a	9.29±0.75 b	9.68±0.76 b
	3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮 3-hydroxy-β-damascone	3.50±0.06 a	3.11±0.91 a	3.49±1.14 a
	香叶基丙酮 Geranylacetone	3.13±0.02 a	2.19±0.46 b	3.46±0.81 a
	二氢猕猴桃内脂 Dihydroactinidiolide	2.88±0.04 a	2.12±0.49 b	2.27±0.40 b
	巨豆三烯酮1 Megastigmatrienone 1	2.44±0.04 ab	3.26±0.88 a	1.99±1.11 b
	巨豆三烯酮2 Megastigmatrienone 2	10.59±0.16 b	11.80±0.51 a	9.82±0.88 c
	巨豆三烯酮3 Megastigmatrienone 3	1.30±0.29 b	2.94±0.59 a	1.09±0.25 b
	巨豆三烯酮4 Megastigmatrienone 4	13.51±0.16 b	15.45±0.44 a	9.84±2.32 c
	螺岩兰草酮 Solavetivone	1.31±0.16 b	2.67±0.63 a	0.45±0.23 c
	法尼基丙酮 Farnesyl acetone	13.27±0.17 a	9.16±0.39 b	11.62±2.00 a

参数 Parameter	成熟度 Maturity	淀粉颗粒数 Starch granules number in single chloroplast	嗜锇颗粒数 Osmiophilic number	基粒数 Granum number
新植二烯含量 NC	未熟 Unripe	0.98^**	0.98^**	0.89^**
新植二烯含量 NC	适熟 Ripe	0.95^**	0.90^**	-0.90^**
类胡萝卜素降解产物含量 CARDPC	未熟 Unripe	0.97^**	0.96^**	0.83^**
类胡萝卜素降解产物含量 CARDPC	适熟 Ripe	0.94^**	0.94^**	-0.92^**