生物菌剂对玉米秸秆堆沤过程水热状况及酶活性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0651

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2): 174-181.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0651

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

生物菌剂对玉米秸秆堆沤过程水热状况及酶活性的影响

高日平¹(), 刘小月¹^,², 潘遵天³, 张东旭⁴, 沈祥军⁴, 栗艳芳¹, 黄洁¹, 景宇鹏¹^,²()

^1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院，呼和浩特 010031
^2.内蒙古农业大学，呼和浩特 010019
^3.科左中旗农业技术推广中心，内蒙古通辽 029300
^4.内蒙古自治区通辽市科尔沁区农业技术推广中心，内蒙古通辽 028000

收稿日期:2021-08-03 接受日期:2021-09-22 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-05-17
通讯作者: 景宇鹏
作者简介:高日平 E-mail：1101702390@qq.com；
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0065);通辽市科左中旗苏打盐碱土改良技术模式研究与监测评价(202076);中央引导地方科技发展基金项目(2020ZY0016);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2019MS03032)

Effects of Biological Agents on Hydrothermal Status and Enzyme Activity During Composting of Corn Straw

Riping GAO¹(), Xiaoyue LIU¹^,², Zuntian PAN³, Dongxu ZHANG⁴, Xiangjun SHEN⁴, Yanfang LI¹, Jie HUANG¹, Yupeng JING¹^,²()

^1.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences，Hohhot 010031，China
^2.Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，Hohhot 010019，China
^3.Agricultural Technology Center of Kerqin Zuoyi County，Inner Mongolia Tongliao 029300，China
^4.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Horqin District，Tongliao City，Inner Mongolia Tongliao 028000，China

Received:2021-08-03 Accepted:2021-09-22 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-05-17
Contact: Yupeng JING

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决内蒙古西辽河平原地区还田玉米秸秆腐解困难及腐解周期长等问题，于2020年采用田间秸秆动态堆沤快速腐解试验，分别设置秸秆腐熟剂+秸秆（SRT）、新鲜牛粪+秸秆（SRN）、秸秆腐熟剂+新鲜牛粪+秸秆（SRW）、单一秸秆（CK）4种处理，研究不同外源生物菌剂对堆沤玉米秸秆温度、水分、纤维素酶、脲酶和木质素过氧化氢酶的影响。结果表明，添加秸秆腐熟剂和新鲜牛粪均可提高秸秆腐解速率，并缩短腐解时间。与单一秸秆堆沤相比，添加新鲜牛粪和秸秆腐熟剂均能显著提高堆体秸秆温度和含水率；SRW、SRT和SRN处理纤维素酶活性较CK分别提高15.64%、4.87%和7.96%，脲酶活性分别提高10.29%、3.43%和6.86%，木质素过氧化氢酶活性分别提高71.43%、48.05%和53.25%。因此，添加秸秆腐熟剂和新鲜牛粪可改善堆沤秸秆水热条件和提高秸秆水解酶活性，进而加快秸秆堆沤腐解进程，两者耦合使用效果更佳，可作为一种高效秸秆堆沤方式在内蒙古西辽河平原地区推广应用。

关键词: 玉米秸秆堆沤, 生物菌剂, 温度, 水分, 水解酶

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems of difficult decomposition of returning corn straw and long decomposition period in Xiliaohe Plain of Inner Mongolia， the composting experiments of field straw were carried out in 2020. Four treatments were set including straw decomposition agent+straw （SRT）， fresh cow dung+straw （SRN）， straw decomposition agent+fresh cow dung+straw （SRW） and single straw （CK）. The temperature， water content and the activities of cellulase， urease and lignin catalase in different treatments during corn straw composting were determined. The results showed that adding straw decomposition agent and fresh cow dung could improve the decomposition rate of straw and shorten the decomposition time. Compared with single straw composting， the addition of fresh cow dung and straw decomposition agent could significantly improve the temperature and water content of straw composting. Compared with CK， the cellulase activities of SRW， SRT and SRN treatments increased by 15.64%， 4.87% and 7.96%， respectively； the urease activities increased by 10.29%， 3.43% and 6.86%， respectively； and the lignin catalase activities increased by 71.43%， 48.05% and 53.25%， respectively. Therefore， the addition of straw decomposition agent and fresh cow dung could improve the hydrothermal conditions of straw composting and the activity of straw hydrolase， and accelerate the process of straw decomposition. So the coupling effect of straw decomposition agent and fresh cow dung was better， which could be applied as an efficient straw composting method in the Xiliaohe Plain of Inner Mongolia.

Key words: composting of corn straw, biological agents, temperature, water content, hydrolase

中图分类号:

S318

高日平, 刘小月, 潘遵天, 张东旭, 沈祥军, 栗艳芳, 黄洁, 景宇鹏. 生物菌剂对玉米秸秆堆沤过程水热状况及酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(2): 174-181.

Riping GAO, Xiaoyue LIU, Zuntian PAN, Dongxu ZHANG, Xiangjun SHEN, Yanfang LI, Jie HUANG, Yupeng JING. Effects of Biological Agents on Hydrothermal Status and Enzyme Activity During Composting of Corn Straw[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(2): 174-181.

图/表 6

图1 不同处理堆沤过程的温度变化

Fig. 1 Temperature of different treatments during composting

图2 不同处理堆沤温度与堆沤天数的拟合曲线

Fig. 2 Fitting curve of composting temperature and days under different treatments

图3 不同处理堆沤过程的含水率注：不同小写字母表示同一时间不同处理间差异在P＜0.05水平显著。

Fig.3 Water content under different treatments during compostingNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments of same time at P＜0.05 level.

图4 不同处理含水率与堆沤天数拟合曲线

Fig.4 Fitting curve of moisture content and retting days under different treatments

图5 不同处理纤维素酶、脲酶和木质素过氧化物酶的活性注：不同小写字母表示同一时间不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig.5 Activities of cellulase， urease and lignin peroxidase in different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments of same time at P<0.05 level.

表1 各指标相关性分析

Table 1 Correlation analysis of different index

指标Index	温度 Temperature	含水量 Water content	纤维素酶活性 Cellulase activity	脲酶活性 Urease activity
含水量Water content	0.985^*
纤维素酶活性Cellulase activity	0.990^*	0.992^**
脲酶活性Urease activity	0.939	0.981^*	0.952^*
木质素过氧化物酶活性Lignin peroxidases activity	0.933	0.972^*	0.936	0.997^**

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生物菌剂对玉米秸秆堆沤过程水热状况及酶活性的影响

Effects of Biological Agents on Hydrothermal Status and Enzyme Activity During Composting of Corn Straw

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