干旱胁迫对鲜食葡萄叶片解剖结构的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0818

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选出抗旱能力较强的鲜食葡萄品种，研究了叶片解剖结构与鲜食葡萄品种抗旱能力之间的关系。以10个鲜食葡萄品种1年扦插苗为试验材料进行盆栽干旱胁迫，测定其生长势、叶片相对含水量和叶片解剖结构，并运用主成分分析法对各鲜食葡萄品种的抗旱能力进行综合评价。结果表明，干旱胁迫导致10个鲜食葡萄品种的旱害症状呈现不同程度增加，叶片相对含水量呈现大幅度的下降，将各抗旱相关指标对干旱胁迫的敏感程度依据抗旱系数进行排序，依次为栅海比>细胞紧实度>栅栏组织厚度>下表皮厚度>叶片厚度>茎节粗度=新梢长度>上表皮厚度=茎节长度>细胞疏松度>海绵组织厚度>叶片宽度>叶片长度。进一步通过主成分分析法得出，10个鲜食葡萄品种的抗旱能力大小依次为‘黑脆无核’>‘阳光玫瑰’>‘深红玫瑰’>‘火焰无核’>‘户太8号’>‘夏黑’>‘浪漫红颜’>‘紫甜无核’>‘丝路红玫瑰’>‘甜蜜蓝宝石’。研究结果可为我国干旱和半干旱地区鲜食葡萄的品种引进和进一步推广提供科学参考。

关键词: 鲜食葡萄, 干旱胁迫, 叶片解剖结构, 主成分分析

Abstract:

In order to screen out table grape varieties with strong drought resistance， the relationship between leaf anatomical structure and drought resistance of table grape varieties was studied. 10 cuttings of one-year-old table grape varieties were used as test materials for potted drought stress. Its growth vigor， leaf relative water content and leaf anatomical structure were measured， and drought resistance of table grape varieties was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that with the deepening of drought stress， the drought symptoms increased but relative water content decreased significantly in leaves of 10 grape varieties. According to the drought coefficient， the sensitivity of each drought resistance related index to drought stress was sorted， and the order was palisade tissue and spongy tissue ratio > cell tightness ratio > thickness of palisade tissue > thickness of lower epidermis > leaf thickness > stem diameter = shoot length > thickness of upper epidermis = stem length = spongy ratio > thickness of spongy tissue > leaf width > leaf length. Further through principal component analysis， the drought resistance ability of 10 table grape varieties were‘Blackcrunchy Seedless’>‘Sunshine Muscat’ >‘Crimson Rose’ >‘Flame Seedless’ >‘Hutai 8’ > ‘Summer Black’ > ‘Wagamichi’> ‘Zitian Seedless’> ‘Silk Road Red Rose’ > ‘Sweet Sapphire’. The results would provided scientific reference for the introduction and further promotion of table grape varieties in arid and semi-arid regions of China.

Key words: table grapes, drought stress, anatomical structure, principal component analysis

中图分类号:

S512.1

王爽, 侯毅兴, 冯琳骄, 卢倩倩, 周龙. 干旱胁迫对鲜食葡萄叶片解剖结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(6): 40-49.

Shuang WANG, Yixing HOU, Linjiao FENG, Qianqian LU, Long ZHOU. Effect of Drought Stress on Anatomical Structure of Leaves in Table Grape Varieties[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(6): 40-49.

图/表 7

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品种名称 Variety name	亲本 Parentage	选育单位 Selection unit	种类 Species
深红玫瑰 Crimson Rose	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown
浪漫红颜 Wagamichi	阳光玫瑰×魏可 Shine Muscat×Weike	日本志村葡萄研究所 Shimura Grape Research Institute， Japan	欧美杂交种 European-American hybrid grapes
丝路红玫瑰 Silk Road Red Rose	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown
阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	安芸津21×白南 Akitsu-21×Hakunan	日本果树试验场 Fruit Tree Laboratory， Japan	欧美杂交种 European-American hybrid grapes
黑脆无核Blackcrunchy Seedless	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown
火焰无核 Flame Seedless	（绯红×无核白）×［（红马拉加×Tafafihi Ahmer）×（白玫瑰×无核白）］（Cardinal×Centenial Seedless）×［（Red Malaga×Tafafihi Ahmer）×（Rosa Rugosa×Centenial Seedless）］	美国FRESNO园艺试验站FRESNO Gardening Experimental Station， America	欧亚种 Eurasian grape
夏黑 Summer Black	巨峰×二倍体无核白 Kyoho×Centenial seedless diploid	日本山梨县果树试验场 Fruit Tree Experimental Field in Yamori County， Japan	欧亚种 Eurasian grape
户太8号 Hutai 8	奥林匹亚芽变 Kyogei×Kyoho	西安葡萄研究所 Grape Research Institute， Xi’an	欧美杂交种 European-American hybrid grapes
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless	皇家秋天×牛奶 Autumn royal seedless×Milk	河北省昌黎县李绍星葡萄育种研究所 Li Shaoxing Grape Breeding Institute， Changli county， Hebei province	欧亚种 Eurasian grape
甜蜜蓝宝石 Sweet Sapphire	不详 Unknown	美国加州 California	不详 Unknown

品种名称 Variety name	亲本 Parentage	选育单位 Selection unit	种类 Species
深红玫瑰 Crimson Rose	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown
浪漫红颜 Wagamichi	阳光玫瑰×魏可 Shine Muscat×Weike	日本志村葡萄研究所 Shimura Grape Research Institute， Japan	欧美杂交种 European-American hybrid grapes
丝路红玫瑰 Silk Road Red Rose	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown
阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	安芸津21×白南 Akitsu-21×Hakunan	日本果树试验场 Fruit Tree Laboratory， Japan	欧美杂交种 European-American hybrid grapes
黑脆无核Blackcrunchy Seedless	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown	不详 Unknown
火焰无核 Flame Seedless	（绯红×无核白）×［（红马拉加×Tafafihi Ahmer）×（白玫瑰×无核白）］（Cardinal×Centenial Seedless）×［（Red Malaga×Tafafihi Ahmer）×（Rosa Rugosa×Centenial Seedless）］	美国FRESNO园艺试验站FRESNO Gardening Experimental Station， America	欧亚种 Eurasian grape
夏黑 Summer Black	巨峰×二倍体无核白 Kyoho×Centenial seedless diploid	日本山梨县果树试验场 Fruit Tree Experimental Field in Yamori County， Japan	欧亚种 Eurasian grape
户太8号 Hutai 8	奥林匹亚芽变 Kyogei×Kyoho	西安葡萄研究所 Grape Research Institute， Xi’an	欧美杂交种 European-American hybrid grapes
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless	皇家秋天×牛奶 Autumn royal seedless×Milk	河北省昌黎县李绍星葡萄育种研究所 Li Shaoxing Grape Breeding Institute， Changli county， Hebei province	欧亚种 Eurasian grape
甜蜜蓝宝石 Sweet Sapphire	不详 Unknown	美国加州 California	不详 Unknown

处理 Treatment	深红玫瑰 Crimson Rose	浪漫红颜 Wagamichi	丝路红玫瑰 Silk Road Red Rose	阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	黑脆无核 Blackcruncy Seedless	火焰无核 Flame Seedless	夏黑 Summer Black	户太 8号 Hutai 8	紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless	甜蜜蓝宝石 Sweet Sapphire
CK	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
H1	0.00	2.67	5.67	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	8.00	3.67
H2	8.33	19.67	28.00	5.33	0.00	11.33	14.67	13.33	29.33	21.33
H3	26.67	46.67	66.67	11.33	6.67	28.00	36.67	33.33	70.67	56.00

处理 Treatment	深红玫瑰 Crimson Rose	浪漫红颜 Wagamichi	丝路红玫瑰 Silk Road Red Rose	阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	黑脆无核 Blackcruncy Seedless	火焰无核 Flame Seedless	夏黑 Summer Black	户太 8号 Hutai 8	紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless	甜蜜蓝宝石 Sweet Sapphire
CK	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
H1	0.00	2.67	5.67	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	8.00	3.67
H2	8.33	19.67	28.00	5.33	0.00	11.33	14.67	13.33	29.33	21.33
H3	26.67	46.67	66.67	11.33	6.67	28.00	36.67	33.33	70.67	56.00

品种Cultivar	胁迫天数 Stress days
品种Cultivar	0 d	4 d	8 d	12 d	15 d
深红玫瑰Crimson Rose	87.84±0.90 a	77.36±1.39 abc	68.99±2.88 bc	60.23±1.58 b	51.09±2.92 b
浪漫红颜Wagamichi	85.06±1.31 a	73.26±1.97 bc	61.00±0.50 d	52.19±2.71 c	42.22±2.62 c
丝路红玫瑰Silk Road Red Rose	87.65±2.23 a	76.13±1.46 abc	69.67±1.37 abc	51.35±2.23 c	41.33±1.36 c
阳光玫瑰Shine Muscat	85.31±0.99 a	78.83±1.92 ab	72.99±0.48 ab	66.16±2.54 a	60.17±2.25 a
黑脆无核Blackcrunchy Seedless	83.28±2.30 a	81.47±2.63 a	75.88±2.73 a	68.31±2.21 a	62.60±1.90 a
火焰无核Flame Seedless	86.68±2.60 a	75.72±2.68 abc	68.17±2.35 bc	58.01±2.75 b	48.43±0.96 b
夏黑Summer Black	85.89±1.47 a	77.24±0.97 abc	69.54±1.14 abc	60.12±0.74 b	47.53±1.21 b
户太8号Hutai 8	87.05±0.90 a	76.00±2.31 abc	68.73±2.78 bc	59.57±1.64 b	48.47±2.05 b
紫甜无核Zitian Seedless	89.51±1.19 a	75.38±1.13 bc	61.75±0.59 d	45.61±1.78 c	38.54±2.00 c
甜蜜蓝宝石Sweet Sapphire	85.09±2.03 a	72.85±2.29 bc	63.10±3.03 cd	48.49±2.84 cd	40.71±3.04 c