单行直插式木薯种植机的设计与优化

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0869

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木薯大多种植在热带、亚热带地区，这些地区多为黏质土壤并且天气多雨，导致木薯种植劳动强度大、人工效率低下等问题。结合中耕施肥、除草等管理需求和木薯种植农艺要求，设计了具有七连杆机构的单行木薯直插式种植机。木薯种植机的动力来自拖拉机动力输出轴，经过2组链轮分别为分种装置和七连杆机构提供动力。通过辅助软件Solidworks对杆件长度、鸭嘴栽植器安装位角度θ参数进行优化建模，将建模导入有限分析元软件Adams进行仿真分析，通过改变主要杆件长度来获取栽植器机构的运动轨迹。用Adams软件对机构性能的主要参数变量进行优化，得到可以满足单行直插式木薯种植机的设计。

关键词: 木薯种植, 七连杆机构, 结构优化, Adams

Abstract:

Cassava is widely planted in tropical and subtropical areas， where the soil is cohesive and the weather is more rainy，which leaded to problems such as high labor intensity and low labor efficiency in cassava planting. Combined with the management requirements of intercropping， fertilization and weeding and the agronomic requirements of cassava planting， this paper designed a single row cassava in-line planter with seven link mechanism. The power of cassava planter comed from the tractor power output shaft， which provided power for the seed separation device and seven link mechanism through 2 groups of sprockets. The length of seven bar component and the installation position angle θ of duckbill planter were used to construct parametric model through the auxiliary software Solidworks.And then the modeling was imported into Adams for simulation analysis to obtain the motion trajectory of the planter mechanism by changing the parameter length of the main rod mechanism. The main parameters related to performance were optimized using ADAMS software to obtain the design meeted single line in-line cassava planter.

Key words: cassava planting, seven bar mechanism, structural optimization, Adams

中图分类号:

S223.9

石婷婷, 廖宇兰, 彭绪友, 袁成宇. 单行直插式木薯种植机的设计与优化[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(6): 115-122.

Tingting SHI, Yulan LIAO, Xuyou PENG, Chenyu YUAN. Design and Optimization of Single Row In-line Cassava Planter[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(6): 115-122.

图/表 13

图1 木薯种植机三维结构注：1—机架；2—分种装置； 3—覆土轮；4—鸭嘴栽植器；5—七连杆机构；6—传递装置；7—轮子。

Fig.1 Three dimensional drawing of cassava planterNote：1—Frame； 2—Sorting device；3—Covering wheel； 4—Duck bill Planter； 5—Seven-link mechanism； 6—Transfer device；7—Wheel.

图 2 七杆式单行木薯种植机构三维结构注：1—曲柄1；2—连杆；3—摇杆1；4—鸭嘴栽植器；5—摇杆2；6—曲柄2。

Fig.2 Three dimensional structure of seven bar single row cassava planting mechanismNote：1—Crank 1； 2—Connecting rod； 3—Rocker 1； 4 —Duck beak planter； 5—Rocker 2； 6—Crank 2.

图3 动力传动路线注：1—种植机输入轴；2—轴承；3—二级减速箱；4—七连杆种植机构；5—分种装置；6—槽轮机构；7—第1个曲柄；8—第2个曲柄；9—链传动。

Fig.3 Power transmission lineNote：1—Planter input shaft；2—Bearing；3—Secondary reduction gearbox；4—Seven link planting mechanism；5—Seed separation device；6—Sheave mechanism；7—First crank；8—Second crank；9—Chain drive.

图 4 七杆式单行木薯种植机运动分析

Fig.4 Kinematic analysis of seven bar single row cassava planter

图 5 七杆式木薯种植机构空间限制

Fig.5 Space limitation of seven bar cassava planting mechanism

图6 L1与栽种装置位移轨迹的关系

Fig.6 Relationship between L1 and displacement trajectory of planting device

图7 L2与栽种装置轨迹之间的关系

Fig.7 Relationship between L2 and planting device trajectory

图8 L3与栽种装置轨迹之间的关系

Fig.8 Relationship between L3 and planting device trajectory

图9 L5与栽种装置轨迹之间的关系

Fig.9 Relationship between L5 and planting device trajectory

图10 L6与栽种装置轨迹之间的关系

Fig.10 Relationship between L6 and planting device trajectory

图11 安装角度与栽种装置轨迹之间的关系

Fig.11 Relationship between installation angle and planting device trajectory

表1 七连杆机构与栽种末端轨迹敏感值的关系

Table 1 Relationship between seven link mechanism and sensitive value of planting end trajectory

参数 Parameter	值 Value	轨迹最低点 Lowest point of trajectory/mm	敏感值 Sensitive value
L₁/mm	39	504.62	1.22
	41	532.86
	43	554.47
	45	571.94
L₂/mm	110	514.26	-0.46
	120	473.37
	130	402.53
	140	375.46
L₃/mm	90	473.37	0.046
	100	471.42
	110	473.65
	120	474.75
L₅/mm	50	478.27	-0.433
	60	473.37
	70	468.46
	80	465.27
L₆/mm	820	473.70	0.122
	830	483.80
	840	497.07
	850	510.08
θ/（°）	15	458.90	0.739
	20	473.37
	25	502.85
	30	569.82

图12 满足木薯种植机要求的栽种装置端点运动轨迹

Fig.12 Motion track of end point of planting device meeting the requirements of cassava planter

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