黄淮海平原北部不同熟性夏玉米品种抗倒伏能力研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1058

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在玉米全程机械化栽培趋势下，针对黄淮海平原区夏玉米倒伏严重问题，以7个不同生育期夏玉米品种（中晚熟2个，中熟3个，中早熟2个）为材料，探讨不同熟性夏玉米品种灌浆期的抗倒伏能力。结果表明，黄淮海平原北部夏玉米植株株高、穗位高、穗高系数、基部第3节间长及基部节间K含量与品种熟性无关；中熟、中早熟品种水溶性碳水化合物含量明显大于中晚熟品种；中熟、中晚熟品种基部第3节间粗、近地面两层节根数、单株总根条数、植株抗拉力、基部第3节间穿刺强度及植株根拔力显著大于早熟品种。相关性分析表明，夏玉米植株抗拉力与穗高系数呈显著负相关，与单株总根数呈显著正相关；基部第3节间穿刺强度与节间K含量呈正相关。因此，黄淮海平原北部选育机收粒夏玉米品种时，除关注灌浆、脱水速率快之外，还应兼顾株高适宜、穗位低、基部节间粗壮等抗倒性状，同时，采用适宜栽培措施，抑制基部节间伸长、促进节间增粗及充实、加强根系发育，提高植株抗倒伏能力。研究结果为黄淮海平原北部高产、抗倒、机收粒夏玉米品种选育提供理论依据。

关键词: 黄淮海平原北部, 夏玉米, 品种, 熟性, 倒伏

Abstract:

In order to resolve the serious lodging promblem of summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain under current trend of full mechanized cultivation，7 summer maize varieties （2 early-maturing varieties， 3 medium maturing varieties and 2 late maturing varieties） with different growth period were used to compare the lodging-resistance at grain filling period. The results showed that the plant height， ear height， ear height coefficient， length and K content of the basal 3^rd internode of summer maize were not related to growth period. The contents of water soluble carbohydrate in middle and early maturing varieties were significantly higher than that in late maturing varieties. The diameter and puncture strength of the basal 3^rd internode， the number of nodes near the ground and the total plant， the bending strength and the vertical root-pulling resistance of the plant in middle and late maturing varieties were significantly higher than those of the early maturing varieties. Correlation analysis showed that there was significantly negative correlation between plant bending strength and ear height coefficient， and significantly positive correlation between plant total root number per plant. Puncture intensity of the basal 3^rd internode was positively correlated with K content. Therefore， we should not only pay attention to faster grain filling and dehydration rate， but also pay attention to appropriate plant height， lower ear height and higher diameter of the basal internode， at the same time， suitable cultivation measures with inhibition of basal internode elongation， promoting the internode enlargement and enrichment and root development， which should be used to improve the ability of plant resistance to lodging. Above results provided theory basis for breeding with high yield， lodging resistance and grain harvest mechanization of summer maize.

Key words: North of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, summer maize, varieties, maturing, lodging

中图分类号:

S513

苑雅俊, 冯家兴, 杨启帆, 白雪, PUSHPA R A J, 边大红, 崔彦宏. 黄淮海平原北部不同熟性夏玉米品种抗倒伏能力研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(7): 21-28.

Yajun YUAN, Jiaxing FENG, Qifan YANG, Xue BAI, R A J PUSHPA, Dahong BIAN, Yanhong CUI. Lodging-resistance Comparison Among Sumer Maize Varieties with Different Growth Period in North of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(7): 21-28.

图/表 7

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年份 Year	熟期 Maturing	品种 Variety	株高 Plant height/cm	穗位高 Ear height/cm	穗高系数 Ear height coefficient/%	基部第3节The 3^rd basal internode
年份 Year	熟期 Maturing	品种 Variety	株高 Plant height/cm	穗位高 Ear height/cm	穗高系数 Ear height coefficient/%	长 Length/cm	粗 Diameter/cm	长粗比Ratio of Length and diameter
2018	中晚熟 Mid-late maturing	ZD958	260.2 c	127.8 a	49.1 a	9.3 e	23.0 a	4.1 d
	中晚熟 Mid-late maturing	JH5	260.0 c	95.1 d	36.6 bcd	10.1 d	22.6 a	4.5 d
	中熟 Mid-maturing	DH605	291.5 b	114.7 bc	39.3 b	13.0 b	19.8 b	6.6 ab
		XY335	308.8 a	111.0 c	35.9 cd	12.0 c	22.3 a	5.4 c
		XY047	307.3 a	119.0 b	38.7 bc	13.9 a	22.3 a	6.2 b
	中早熟 Mid-early maturing	JNK728	285.3 b	98.1 d	34.4 d	12.7 b	18.2 b	7.0 a
	中早熟 Mid-early maturing	MC812	283.1 b	112.3 bc	39.7 b	12.7 b	18.5 b	6.9 ab
2019	中晚熟 Mid-late maturing	ZD958	262.7 c	122.3 a	46.5 a	9.8 d	21.9 a	4.5 e
	中晚熟 Mid-late maturing	JH5	236.6 e	85.7 e	36.2 de	10.1 bcd	20.3 b	5.0 d
	中熟 Mid-maturing	DH605	255.8 d	93.2 d	36.5 cd	9.9 cd	18.8 c	5.3 cd
		XY335	280.1 a	97.9 c	34.9 e	11.2 a	19.1 c	5.9 ab
		XY047	276.4 b	104.4 b	37.8 c	10.7 abc	18.6 c	5.7 abc
	中早熟 Mid-early maturing	JNK728	264.9 c	98.0 c	37.0 cd	10.8 ab	17.6 d	6.2 a
	中早熟 Mid-early maturing	MC812	254.9 d	102.4 b	40.2 b	9.6 d	17.4 d	5.6 bc

年份 Year	熟期 Maturing	品种 Variety	株高 Plant height/cm	穗位高 Ear height/cm	穗高系数 Ear height coefficient/%	基部第3节The 3^rd basal internode
年份 Year	熟期 Maturing	品种 Variety	株高 Plant height/cm	穗位高 Ear height/cm	穗高系数 Ear height coefficient/%	长 Length/cm	粗 Diameter/cm	长粗比Ratio of Length and diameter
2018	中晚熟 Mid-late maturing	ZD958	260.2 c	127.8 a	49.1 a	9.3 e	23.0 a	4.1 d
	中晚熟 Mid-late maturing	JH5	260.0 c	95.1 d	36.6 bcd	10.1 d	22.6 a	4.5 d
	中熟 Mid-maturing	DH605	291.5 b	114.7 bc	39.3 b	13.0 b	19.8 b	6.6 ab
		XY335	308.8 a	111.0 c	35.9 cd	12.0 c	22.3 a	5.4 c
		XY047	307.3 a	119.0 b	38.7 bc	13.9 a	22.3 a	6.2 b
	中早熟 Mid-early maturing	JNK728	285.3 b	98.1 d	34.4 d	12.7 b	18.2 b	7.0 a
	中早熟 Mid-early maturing	MC812	283.1 b	112.3 bc	39.7 b	12.7 b	18.5 b	6.9 ab
2019	中晚熟 Mid-late maturing	ZD958	262.7 c	122.3 a	46.5 a	9.8 d	21.9 a	4.5 e
	中晚熟 Mid-late maturing	JH5	236.6 e	85.7 e	36.2 de	10.1 bcd	20.3 b	5.0 d
	中熟 Mid-maturing	DH605	255.8 d	93.2 d	36.5 cd	9.9 cd	18.8 c	5.3 cd
		XY335	280.1 a	97.9 c	34.9 e	11.2 a	19.1 c	5.9 ab
		XY047	276.4 b	104.4 b	37.8 c	10.7 abc	18.6 c	5.7 abc
	中早熟 Mid-early maturing	JNK728	264.9 c	98.0 c	37.0 cd	10.8 ab	17.6 d	6.2 a
	中早熟 Mid-early maturing	MC812	254.9 d	102.4 b	40.2 b	9.6 d	17.4 d	5.6 bc

熟期 Maturing	品种 Variety	节1 1^st internode	节2 2^nd internode	地下节根数Underground-internodes	单株总根数 Total internodes number per plant	根拔力 Vertical root-pulling resistance/kN
中晚熟Mid-late maturing	ZD958	12.0 c	7.8 d	28.6 a	48.4 b	0.936 c
中晚熟Mid-late maturing	JH5	18.0 a	12.8 a	21.2 bc	52.0 a	1.292 a
中熟Mid-maturing	DH605	14.1 b	10.8 bc	22.1 b	47.0 b	1.205 ab
	XY335	14.4 b	11.5 b	23.5 b	49.4 ab	1.256 ab
	XY047	14.3 b	11.8 ab	21.3 bc	47.4 b	1.229 ab
中早熟Mid-early maturing	JNK728	13.9 b	9.8 c	16.2 d	39.9 c	1.171 ab
中早熟Mid-early maturing	MC812	12.2 c	8.4 d	18.9 c	39.5 c	1.137 b

熟期 Maturing	品种 Variety	节1 1^st internode	节2 2^nd internode	地下节根数Underground-internodes	单株总根数 Total internodes number per plant	根拔力 Vertical root-pulling resistance/kN
中晚熟Mid-late maturing	ZD958	12.0 c	7.8 d	28.6 a	48.4 b	0.936 c
中晚熟Mid-late maturing	JH5	18.0 a	12.8 a	21.2 bc	52.0 a	1.292 a
中熟Mid-maturing	DH605	14.1 b	10.8 bc	22.1 b	47.0 b	1.205 ab
	XY335	14.4 b	11.5 b	23.5 b	49.4 ab	1.256 ab
	XY047	14.3 b	11.8 ab	21.3 bc	47.4 b	1.229 ab
中早熟Mid-early maturing	JNK728	13.9 b	9.8 c	16.2 d	39.9 c	1.171 ab
中早熟Mid-early maturing	MC812	12.2 c	8.4 d	18.9 c	39.5 c	1.137 b

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