秸秆高值利用合成中链脂肪酸研究进展

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0757

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 198-211.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0757

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

秸秆高值利用合成中链脂肪酸研究进展

安柯萌¹^,²(), 赵立欣², 姚宗路², 于佳动²(), 李再兴¹, 黄亚丽¹, 梁依², 申瑞霞²

^1.河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院，石家庄 050018
^2.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，农业农村部华北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室，北京 100081

收稿日期:2022-09-07 接受日期:2022-10-31 出版日期:2023-03-15 发布日期:2023-05-22
通讯作者: 于佳动
作者简介:安柯萌E-mail： akm3012@163.com；
基金资助:
海南省院士创新平台科研专项(YSPTZX202110);财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-02);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目

Research Progress of High-value Utilization of Straw to Synthesize Medium-chain Fatty Acids

Kemeng AN¹^,²(), Lixin ZHAO², Zonglu YAO², Jiadong YU²(), Zaixing LI¹, Yali HUANG¹, Yi LIANG², Ruixia SHEN²

^1.School of Environmental Science and Engineering，Hebei University of Science and Technology，Shijiazhuang 050018，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. ； Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2022-09-07 Accepted:2022-10-31 Online:2023-03-15 Published:2023-05-22
Contact: Jiadong YU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

秸秆是我国主要农业废弃物之一，经资源化处理可生产沼气、有机肥、饲料等，但产品附加值不高。近年来，一种基于碳链延长（chain elongation，CE）的厌氧发酵技术可生产中链脂肪酸（medium-chain fatty acids，MCFAs），显著提高了产品附加值，为秸秆综合利用提供了新思路。秸秆通过生物和热化学转化途径为CE合成MCFAs提供适宜底物，通过工艺调控实现MCFAs定向生产，目前基于生物和热化学转化过程发酵液中的己酸含量约10 和2 g·L^-1·d^-1，同步提取可达到57.4 g·L^-1·d^-1。以秸秆高效转化合成MCFAs为视角，分析了其典型转化路径及功能微生物代谢特征，总结了电子供体和电子受体调控特性、影响CE效率的重要因素和强化手段，归纳了可行性应用工艺，并对应用及提高秸秆转化产品附加值提出建议，为实现秸秆高值利用提供技术支撑。

关键词: 中链脂肪酸, 合成气发酵, 碳链延长, 厌氧, 高值利用, 发酵

Abstract:

Straw is one of the main agricultural wastes in China， which can produce biogas， organic fertilizer， feed and so on by resource treatment， but the added value of products is not high. In recent years， a type of anaerobic fermentation technology based on chain elongation （CE） has been developed that can produce medium-chain fatty acids （MCFAs）， significantly increasing the added value of the product and providing a new idea for the comprehensive utilization of straw. Straw can serve as a suitable substrate for the synthesis of MCFAs through biological and thermochemical transformation， and the directional production of MCFAs can be realized through process regulation. The content of caproic acid in fermentation broth was currently about 10 and 2 g·L^-1·d^-1 based on the process of biological and thermochemical transformation， and the simultaneous extraction could reach 57.4 g·L^-1·d^-1. This study summarized the regulation characteristics of electron donors and electron acceptors， as well as the significant influencing factors and strengthening methods affecting CE efficiency， in order to effectively transform and synthesize MCFAs from straw. It also reviewed the typical transformation path and metabolic characteristics of functional microorganisms. This research could provide a theoretical reference for the next application and improvement of the added value of straw transformation products， and technical support for the realization of high-value utilization of straw.

Key words: medium chain fatty acids, syngas fermentation, carbon chain extension, anaerobic, high value utilization, fermentation

中图分类号:

TQ921

安柯萌, 赵立欣, 姚宗路, 于佳动, 李再兴, 黄亚丽, 梁依, 申瑞霞. 秸秆高值利用合成中链脂肪酸研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(3): 198-211.

Kemeng AN, Lixin ZHAO, Zonglu YAO, Jiadong YU, Zaixing LI, Yali HUANG, Yi LIANG, Ruixia SHEN. Research Progress of High-value Utilization of Straw to Synthesize Medium-chain Fatty Acids[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(3): 198-211.

图/表 6

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阶段 Stage	底物 Substrate	主要微生物 Main microorganism	温度Temperature/℃	pH	产物 Product	参考文献 Reference
水解酸化阶段 Hydrolysis acidification stage	玉米秸秆和牛粪Corn straw and cow dung	Bacillus，Clostridium	50±1	—	乙酸和丁酸 Acetic acid and butyric acid	［18］
	稻草 Rice straw	Lactobacillus plantarum， Pediococcus pentosaceus， L. buchneri	37	—	乳酸和乙酸 Lactic acid and acetic acid	［19］
	小麦秸秆 Wheat straw	L. sanfranciscensis MW15，L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus MI，L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 20081	25	5.45～4.69	乳酸 Lactic acid	［20］
	玉米青贮 Maize silage	L-period， Ruminococcus， Clostridium， Synergistaceae， Firmicutes， Pelotomaculum	37	4.2～5.7	乳酸、丙酸、正丁酸和正己酸 Lactic acid， propionic acid， n-butyrate， n-caproate	［21］
合成气阶段 Syngas stage	CO、H₂、CO₂	Clostridium ljungdahlii	37	6.0	乙醇、乙酸 Ethanol， acetic acid	［13］
合成气阶段 Syngas stage	CO、H₂、CO₂	Clostridium carboxidivorans	37	5.2	乙醇、乙酸、丁醇Ethanol， acetic acid， butanol	［22］

阶段 Stage	底物 Substrate	主要微生物 Main microorganism	温度Temperature/℃	pH	产物 Product	参考文献 Reference
水解酸化阶段 Hydrolysis acidification stage	玉米秸秆和牛粪Corn straw and cow dung	Bacillus，Clostridium	50±1	—	乙酸和丁酸 Acetic acid and butyric acid	［18］
	稻草 Rice straw	Lactobacillus plantarum， Pediococcus pentosaceus， L. buchneri	37	—	乳酸和乙酸 Lactic acid and acetic acid	［19］
	小麦秸秆 Wheat straw	L. sanfranciscensis MW15，L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus MI，L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 20081	25	5.45～4.69	乳酸 Lactic acid	［20］
	玉米青贮 Maize silage	L-period， Ruminococcus， Clostridium， Synergistaceae， Firmicutes， Pelotomaculum	37	4.2～5.7	乳酸、丙酸、正丁酸和正己酸 Lactic acid， propionic acid， n-butyrate， n-caproate	［21］
合成气阶段 Syngas stage	CO、H₂、CO₂	Clostridium ljungdahlii	37	6.0	乙醇、乙酸 Ethanol， acetic acid	［13］
合成气阶段 Syngas stage	CO、H₂、CO₂	Clostridium carboxidivorans	37	5.2	乙醇、乙酸、丁醇Ethanol， acetic acid， butanol	［22］

阶段 Stage	底物 Substrate	主要微生物 Main microorganism	温度Temperature/℃	pH	产物 Product	参考文献 Reference
合成气阶段 Syngas stage	4% H₂，18% Ar， 78% CO	Clostridium aceticum	30	8.5	乙酸 Acetic acid	［23］
合成气阶段 Syngas stage	H₂、CO₂	L-period，Ruminococcus，Clostridium，Synergistaceae，Firmicutes，Pelotomaculum	37	—	乳酸、丙酸、正丁酸Lactic acid， propionic acid， n-butyrate	［24］
碳链延长阶段 CE stage	乙酸和丁酸Acetic acid and butyric acid	Clostridium kluyveri	37	5.5～5.8	己酸 Caproic acid	［25］
	乳酸 Lactic acid	Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6	37	6.8	己酸 Caproic acid	［26］
	乙酸乙酯、乙醇、CO、H₂和CO₂ Ethyl acetate， ethanol，CO， H₂and CO₂	Clostridium autoethanogenum， Clostridium kluyveri	37	6.0	丁酸盐、己酸盐Butyrate， caproate	［27］
	乙酸和丁酸 Acetic acid and butyric acid	Clostridium kluyveri，Azospira oryzae，Uncultured Rhodocyclaceae，Clostridiaceae bacterium FH052，Propionibacterium acidipropionici	—	6.0	己酸 Caproic acid	［28］
	CO、H₂、CO₂	Clostridium ljungdahlii PETC，Clostridium kluyveri DSM555	37	6.0	己酸 Caproic acid	［29］
	CO、H₂	Clostridium ljungdahlii，Clostridium autoethanogenum，Clostridium kluyveri	37	6.2	己酸 Caproic acid	［30］

阶段 Stage	底物 Substrate	主要微生物 Main microorganism	温度Temperature/℃	pH	产物 Product	参考文献 Reference
合成气阶段 Syngas stage	4% H₂，18% Ar， 78% CO	Clostridium aceticum	30	8.5	乙酸 Acetic acid	［23］
合成气阶段 Syngas stage	H₂、CO₂	L-period，Ruminococcus，Clostridium，Synergistaceae，Firmicutes，Pelotomaculum	37	—	乳酸、丙酸、正丁酸Lactic acid， propionic acid， n-butyrate	［24］
碳链延长阶段 CE stage	乙酸和丁酸Acetic acid and butyric acid	Clostridium kluyveri	37	5.5～5.8	己酸 Caproic acid	［25］
	乳酸 Lactic acid	Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6	37	6.8	己酸 Caproic acid	［26］
	乙酸乙酯、乙醇、CO、H₂和CO₂ Ethyl acetate， ethanol，CO， H₂and CO₂	Clostridium autoethanogenum， Clostridium kluyveri	37	6.0	丁酸盐、己酸盐Butyrate， caproate	［27］
	乙酸和丁酸 Acetic acid and butyric acid	Clostridium kluyveri，Azospira oryzae，Uncultured Rhodocyclaceae，Clostridiaceae bacterium FH052，Propionibacterium acidipropionici	—	6.0	己酸 Caproic acid	［28］
	CO、H₂、CO₂	Clostridium ljungdahlii PETC，Clostridium kluyveri DSM555	37	6.0	己酸 Caproic acid	［29］
	CO、H₂	Clostridium ljungdahlii，Clostridium autoethanogenum，Clostridium kluyveri	37	6.2	己酸 Caproic acid	［30］

项目 Item	原料 Raw material	接种物 Inoculum	温度 Temperature/℃	pH	电子供体 Electronic donor	电子受体 Electron acceptor	参考文献 Reference
水解酸化生成电子供体和电子受体 Electron donor and electron acceptor generated by hydrolysis acidification	玉米秸秆 Corn straw	厌氧污泥 Anaerobic sludge	45±1	4.9	乙醇0.866 4 g·L^-1 Ethanol 0.866 4 g·L^-1	乙酸8.030 4 g·L^-1、丙酸0.444 0 g·L^-1、丁酸1.421 1 g·L^-1、戊酸0.037 4 g·L^-1 Acetic acid 8.030 4 g·L^-1， propionic acid 0.444 g·L^-1， butyric acid 1.421 1 g·L^-1， valproic acid 0.037 4 g·L^-1	［37］
	玉米秸秆 Corn straw	米根霉Rhizopus oryzae	37	7.0	乳酸0.081 6 g·L^-1 Lactic acid 0.081 6 g·L^-1	—	［38］
	小麦秸秆 Wheat straw	L. sanfrancisc-ensis MW15	25	5.5~4.7	乳酸101.8 g·kg^-1原料 Lactic acid 101.8 g·kg^-1raw material	—	［39］
	玉米秸秆 Corn straw	猪粪 Pig manure	35±1	5.4~7.0	—	乙酸0.68 g·L^-1、丙酸小于0.3 g·L^-1 Acetic acid 0.68 g·L^-1， propionic acid <0.3 g·L^-1	［40］
	稻草 Rice straw	猪粪 Pig manure	35	7.2~7.4	—	乙酸12.22 g·L^-1、丙酸0.848 g·L^-1、丁酸2.206 g·L^-1 Acetic acid 12.22g·L^-1， propionic acid 0.848 g·L^-1， butyric acid 2.206 g·L^-1	［41］
	玉米秸秆青贮饲料Corn straw silage	厌氧颗粒污泥Anaerobic granular sludge	38±1	7.0	—	乙酸和丙酸为主挥发性脂肪酸含量达到 19.34 g·L^-1 Volatile fatty acid content of acetic acid and propionic acid was 19.34 g·L^-1	［10］
热解气生成电子供体和电子受体 Electron donor and electron acceptor generated by pyrolytic gas	60% CO，35% H₂，5% CO₂	Clostridium ljungdahlii， Clostridium kluyveri	35	6.0	乙醇 65.5 mmol C·L^-1·d^-1 Ethanol 65.5 mmol C·L^-1·d^-1	乙酸431 mmol C·L^-1·d^-1 Acetic acid 431 mmol C·L^-1·d^-1	［5］
	55% CO， 20% H₂， 15% Ar，10% CO₂	Clostridium ljungdahlii	37	—	乙醇 11.0～12.0 g·L^-1 Ethanol 11.0～12.0 g·L^-1	乙酸 28.0 g·L^-1 Acetic acid 28.0 g·L^-1	［36］
	CO， H₂	复合菌群Mixed flora	35±1	6.0±0.2	—	乙酸7.4 g·L^-1、丁酸1.8 g·L^-1 Acetic acid 7.4 g·L^-1， butyric acid 1.8 g·L^-1	［42］
	CO， CO₂， CH₄，H₂	Clostridium ljungdahlii	121	9.0	乙醇48.0 g·L^-1 Ethanol 48.0 g·L^-1	乙酸3.0 g·L^-1 Acetic acid 3.0 g·L^-1	［43］

秸秆高值利用合成中链脂肪酸研究进展

Research Progress of High-value Utilization of Straw to Synthesize Medium-chain Fatty Acids

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