施氮和牛粪添加对煤矿补播区植被恢复效果的研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0445

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 218-227.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0445

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

施氮和牛粪添加对煤矿补播区植被恢复效果的研究

聂婷婷¹(), 董乙强¹^,²(), 苏清荷³, 张勇娟⁴, 杨合龙¹^,², 安沙舟¹^,²

^1.新疆农业大学草业学院，乌鲁木齐 830052
^2.新疆农业大学草业学院，新疆草地资源与生态自治区重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052
^3.乌鲁木齐县林业草原工作站，乌鲁木齐 830037
^4.乌鲁木齐市林业和草原局（乌鲁木齐市园林绿化工程质量监督站），乌鲁木齐 830018

收稿日期:2023-06-09 接受日期:2023-12-18 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-02-14
通讯作者: 董乙强
作者简介:聂婷婷 E-mail：1783239058@qq.com；
基金资助:
新疆农业大学2023年新疆维吾尔自治区研究生创新项目(XJ2023G154);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2021Y021)

Effects of Nitrogen Application and Cattle Manure Addition on Vegetation Restoration in Coal Mine Replanting Area

Tingting NIE¹(), Yiqiang DONG¹^,²(), Qinghe SU³, Yongjuan ZHANG⁴, Helong YANG¹^,², Shazhou AN¹^,²

^1.College of Grassland Science，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830052，China
^2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology，College of Grassland Science，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830052，China
^3.Urumqi County Forestry and Grassland Workstation，Urumqi 830037，China
^4.Urumqi City Forestry and Grassland Bureau （Urumqi City Landscaping Engineering Quality Supervision Station），Urumqi 830018，China

Received:2023-06-09 Accepted:2023-12-18 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-14
Contact: Yiqiang DONG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

施肥是增加煤矿废弃地土壤营养、促进植被恢复的有效措施。为探究施氮和牛粪添加对煤矿补播区植物的影响，以煤矿补播草地为研究对象，采用裂区试验，设置0（CK）、5（N1）、10（N2）、20（N3）、30 g·m^-2（N4）5个氮肥（尿素）施用水平和2种牛粪添加模式（0、300 g·m^-2），分析施氮和牛粪添加措施对煤矿补播草地植被高度、盖度、密度和生物量的影响，研究煤矿补播区草地植被在增施氮肥、牛粪措施下的恢复效果。结果表明，施氮对植被盖度、生物量影响较大，与CK比较，N1处理6、7、9月植被盖度分别增加1.14%、28.57%、63.64%，植物生物量分别增加14.45%、14.29%、24.46%；而N4处理6、7、9月植被盖度较CK分别减少44.32%、72.86%、13.64%，6、7月生物量减少36.11%、41.43%。添加牛粪对植被平均高度影响较大，N4处理使6、7月植被平均高度较CK分别降低16.40%、35.05%。从施肥对植物经济类群来看，施氮+牛粪的施肥模式更有利于禾本科植物的生长，增加了群落中禾本科植物生物量和密度。综上，添加牛粪可提升植物平均高度，施用氮肥5 g·m^-2有利于该类煤矿补播草地植被盖度、生物量的恢复，而施用氮肥30 g·m^-2会对植物产生不利影响。以上研究结果为该类废弃矿山开展生态修复工作提供科学依据。

关键词: 煤矿补播区, 施氮, 牛粪添加, 植被恢复

Abstract:

Fertilization is an effective measure to increase soil nutrients and promote vegetation recovery in coal mine waste land. To investigate the effects of nitrogen application and cattle manure addition on plants in coal mine replanting areas， this experiment took coal mine replanting grassland was as the research object， and used a split-zone experimental design to set up 5 nitrogen fertilizer levels including 0（CK）， 5（N1）， 10（N2）， 20（N3）， 30 g·m^-2（N4） and 2 modes of cattle manure addition including 0 and 300 g·m^-2. By analyzing the effects of nitrogen application and cattle manure addition on the height， cover， density and biomass of grassland vegetation in coal mine replanting， the restoration effect of grassland vegetation in coal mine replanting area under the measures of increasing nitrogen fertilizer and cattle manure was investigated. The results showed that nitrogen application had a greater effect on vegetation cover and biomass， and compared with CK， N1 treatment increased vegetation cover by 1.14%， 28.57% and 63.64% in June， July and September， and plant biomass increased by 14.45%， 14.29% and 24.46%， respectively. Whereas， the N4 treatment decreased the vegetation cover by 44.32%， 72.86%， 13.64% in June， July and September， and the biomass by 36.11% and 41.43% in June and July. Addition of cattle manure had a greater effect on the mean height of vegetation， and N4 treatment reduced the mean height of vegetation by 16.40% and 35.05% compared with CK in June and July. In addition， in terms of fertiliser application on phyto-economic taxa， the fertiliser pattern of nitrogen application+cattle manure was more beneficial to the growth of graminaceous plants and increased the biomass and density of graminaceous plants in the community. In conclusion， the addition of cattle manure could enhance the average height of plants， and the application of nitrogen fertiliser 5 g·m^-2 was beneficial for the recovery of vegetation cover and biomass in this type of coal mine replanted grassland， while the application of fertiliser 30 g·m^-2 could have adverse effects on plants. Above results provided scientific basis for carrying out ecological restoration work in this type of abandoned mines.

Key words: coal mine replanting area, nitrogen application, cattle manure addition, vegetation restoration

中图分类号:

S812.5

聂婷婷, 董乙强, 苏清荷, 张勇娟, 杨合龙, 安沙舟. 施氮和牛粪添加对煤矿补播区植被恢复效果的研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(2): 218-227.

Tingting NIE, Yiqiang DONG, Qinghe SU, Yongjuan ZHANG, Helong YANG, Shazhou AN. Effects of Nitrogen Application and Cattle Manure Addition on Vegetation Restoration in Coal Mine Replanting Area[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(2): 218-227.

图/表 6

表1 施氮和牛粪添加下煤矿补播区植被数量特征双因素方差分析

Table 1 Two-way ANOVA for vegetation quantity characteristics in coal mine replanting area under nitrogen application and cattle manure addition measures

月份 Month	指标 Indicator	氮肥 Nitrogen fertilizer		牛粪 Cattle manure		氮肥×牛粪 Nitrogen fertilizer×cattle manure
月份 Month	指标 Indicator	F值 F value	P值 P value	F值 F value	P值 P value	F值 F value	P值 P value
6月 June	平均高度 Average height	0.646	0.636	4.578	0.045	0.224	0.922
	盖度 Coverage	3.124	0.038	1.616	0.218	0.903	0.481
	密度 Density	0.874	0.497	0.286	0.599	0.276	0.890
	生物量 Biomass	1.466	0.250	1.808	0.194	0.255	0.903
7月 July	平均高度 Average height	3.104	0.039	5.331	0.032	0.831	0.521
	盖度 Coverage	19.751	0.000	3.883	0.063	0.745	0.573
	密度 Density	2.463	0.078	3.079	0.095	0.990	0.435
	生物量 Biomass	6.885	0.001	0.694	0.415	0.724	0.586
9月 September	平均高度 Average height	0.818	0.529	0.023	0.882	0.552	0.700
	盖度 Coverage	3.365	0.029	2.006	0.172	0.635	0.643
	密度 Density	2.800	0.054	0.269	0.609	2.968	0.045
	生物量 Biomass	0.799	0.540	0.365	0.553	0.267	0.896

图1 施氮和牛粪添加下煤矿补播区植被的高度注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Height of vegetation in coal mine replanting area under nitrogen application and cattle manure additionNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图2 施氮和牛粪添加下煤矿补播区植被的盖度注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Cover of vegetation in coal mine replanting area under nitrogen application and cattle manure additionNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0. 05 level.

图3 施氮和牛粪添加下煤矿补播区植被的密度注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Density of vegetation in coal mine replanting areas under nitrogen application and cattle manure additionNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 施氮和牛粪添加下煤矿补播区植被的生物量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Biomass of vegetation in coal mine replanting areas under nitrogen application and cattle manure additionNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 施肥处理下煤矿补播区植被数量特征相关性分析注：H（N）—植被高度（施氮）；C（N）—盖度（施氮）；D（N）—密度（施氮）；B（N）—生物量（施氮）；H（N+CD）—植被高度（氮肥+牛粪）；C（N+CD）—盖度（氮肥+牛粪）；D（N+CD）—密度（氮肥+牛粪）；B（N+CD）—生物量（氮肥+牛粪）。*表示在P<0.05水平相关显著。

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis of vegetation quantity characteristics in coal mine replanting area under fertilisation treatmentNote：H（N）—Vegetation height （nitrogen application）；C（N）—Cover （nitrogen application）； D（N）—Density （nitrogen application）；B（N）—Biomass （nitrogen application）；H（N+CD）—Vegetation height （nitrogen fertilizer+cattle manure）；C（N+CD）—Cover （nitrogen fertilizer+cattle manure）；D（N+CD）—Density （nitrogen fertilizer+cattle manure）；B（N+CD）—Biomass （nitrogen fertilizer+cattle manure）.* indicates significant correlation at P<0.05 level.

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