半干旱地区露天矿排土场复垦对土壤物理性质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0548

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (4): 174-183.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0548

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

半干旱地区露天矿排土场复垦对土壤物理性质的影响

王鹤燕¹(), 李龙¹(), 李强², 张亮¹, 高鑫宇³

^1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院，荒漠生态系统保护与修复国家林草局重点实验室，呼和浩特 010018
^2.鄂尔多斯林业和草原事业发展中心，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017299
^3.南京信息工程大学遥感与测绘工程学院，南京 210044

收稿日期:2023-07-14 接受日期:2023-12-04 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2024-04-23
通讯作者: 李龙
作者简介:王鹤燕 E-mail：wangheyan2029@163.com；
基金资助:
鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项(2022EEDSKJZDZX012-2);鄂尔多斯市科技计划项目(2022YY005);高等教育改革发展项目(NJYT22046)

Influence of Reclamation of Open Pit Dumps on Soil Physical Properties in Semiarid Regions

Heyan WANG¹(), Long LI¹(), Qiang LI², Liang ZHANG¹, Xinyu GAO³

^1.Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Desert Ecosystem Protection and Restoration，School of Desert Management，Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，Hohhot 010018，China
^2.Ordos Forestry and Grassland Development Center，Inner Mongolia Erdos 017299，China
^3.College of Remote Sensing and Mapping Engineering，Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology，Nanjing 210044，China

Received:2023-07-14 Accepted:2023-12-04 Online:2024-04-15 Published:2024-04-23
Contact: Long LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究露天煤矿排土场复垦对土壤物理性质的影响，以内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗黑岱沟露天矿排土场平台为研究对象。针对矿区自然地貌（ZR）、未复垦的排土场（WF）与复垦5年排土场（FK）0—60 cm土层土壤物理性质的差异，运用方差分析、主成分分析等方法研究复垦对排土场土壤物理性质的影响。结果表明，未复垦排土场的土壤容重和砾石含量均显著高于复垦排土场和自然地貌，而土壤含水率、饱和含水率和田间持水量均低于复垦排土场和自然地貌，其中田间持水量显著低于复垦排土场和自然地貌。相关性分析和回归方程拟合分析发现，土壤砾石含量影响土壤容重和持水保水性能。复垦使排土场土壤容重及砾石含量呈降低趋势，而土壤含水率、饱和含水率、田间持水量呈升高趋势；随着土层深度的增加，排土场土壤容重、含水率、饱和含水率呈升高趋势，而田间持水量和砾石含量呈降低趋势。复垦排土场40—60 cm、自然地貌40—60 cm、复垦排土场20—40 cm土层土壤的综合评分分别排第1、2、3位，说明排土场复垦能够在一定程度上改良土壤、优化土壤质地，并在复垦5年情况下对土壤的改良深度可达60 cm。以上研究结果对矿区复垦工作具有一定指导意义。

关键词: 露天矿, 排土场, 土壤物理性质, 复垦

Abstract:

In order to study the influence of reclamation of open-pit coal mine dump on soil physical properties， the dump platform of Heidaigou open-pit mine in Zhungeer Banner， Ordos City， Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， was as the research object. The difference of physical properties in 0—60 cm soil layer among natural landform （ZR）， unreclaimed dump （WF） and 5-year reclaimed dump （FK） in mining area were analyzed， the effects of reclamation on soil physical properties of dump were studied by variance analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the soil bulk density and gravel content of unreclaimed dumps were significantly higher than those of reclaimed dumps and natural landforms， while the soil moisture content， saturated moisture content and field water holding capacity were lower than those of reclaimed dumps and natural landforms， among which the field water holding capacity was significantly different from those of reclaimed dumps and natural landforms. The correlation analysis and regression equation fitting analysis showed that the gravel content in soil affected soil bulk density and water holding capacity. Reclamation made the soil bulk density and gravel content decrease， and the soil moisture content， saturated water content and field water holding capacity increase. With the increase of soil depth， the soil unit weight， moisture content and saturated moisture content of the dump showed an increasing trend， while the field water holding capacity and gravel content showed a decreasing trend. The comprehensive scores of the 40—60 cm soil of 5-year reclaimed dump， 40—60 cm soil of natural landformand 20—40 cm soil of 5-year reclaimed dump were ranked as 1st， 2nd and 3rd， respectively， which indicated that the reclamation of the dump could improve the soil and optimize the soil texture. The depth of soil improvement by plants could reach 60 cm soil layer in the case of 5 years of reclamation of the dump. Above results provided certain guiding for reclamation work in mining area.

Key words: open-pit mine, dumping site, soil physical properties, reclamation

中图分类号:

S157.3

王鹤燕, 李龙, 李强, 张亮, 高鑫宇. 半干旱地区露天矿排土场复垦对土壤物理性质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(4): 174-183.

Heyan WANG, Long LI, Qiang LI, Liang ZHANG, Xinyu GAO. Influence of Reclamation of Open Pit Dumps on Soil Physical Properties in Semiarid Regions[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(4): 174-183.

图/表 9

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编号 Code	处理 Treatment	土层深度 Soil layer/cm	砾石分级 Gravel grading	复垦年限 Reclamation period	主要植被 Dominant vegetation	植被盖度 Vegetation coverage/%
1	WF	0—20	多砾质土 Multi gravel soil	未复垦 No reclaimed	针茅、百里香 Stipa capillata L.， Thymus mongolicus Ronn.	32
2		20—40	多砾质土 Multi gravel soil
3		40—60	多砾质土 Multi gravel soil
4	FK	0—20	多砾质土 Multi gravel soil	5	柠条锦鸡儿、沙地柏、山杏 Caragana korshinskii Kom.， Sabina vulgaris Ant.， Armeniaca sibirica （L.） Lam.	60
5		20—40	多砾质土 Multi gravel soil
6		40—60	少砾质土 Less gravel soil
7	ZR	0—20	中砾质土 Medium gravel soil	—	紫苜蓿、狗尾草、针茅、碱蓬 Medicago sativa L.， Setaria viridis （L.） Beauv.， Stipa capillata L.，Suaeda glanca （Bunge） Bunge	88
8		20—40	少砾质土 Less gravel soil
9		40—60	少砾质土 Less gravel soil

编号 Code	处理 Treatment	土层深度 Soil layer/cm	砾石分级 Gravel grading	复垦年限 Reclamation period	主要植被 Dominant vegetation	植被盖度 Vegetation coverage/%
1	WF	0—20	多砾质土 Multi gravel soil	未复垦 No reclaimed	针茅、百里香 Stipa capillata L.， Thymus mongolicus Ronn.	32
2		20—40	多砾质土 Multi gravel soil
3		40—60	多砾质土 Multi gravel soil
4	FK	0—20	多砾质土 Multi gravel soil	5	柠条锦鸡儿、沙地柏、山杏 Caragana korshinskii Kom.， Sabina vulgaris Ant.， Armeniaca sibirica （L.） Lam.	60
5		20—40	多砾质土 Multi gravel soil
6		40—60	少砾质土 Less gravel soil
7	ZR	0—20	中砾质土 Medium gravel soil	—	紫苜蓿、狗尾草、针茅、碱蓬 Medicago sativa L.， Setaria viridis （L.） Beauv.， Stipa capillata L.，Suaeda glanca （Bunge） Bunge	88
8		20—40	少砾质土 Less gravel soil
9		40—60	少砾质土 Less gravel soil

指标 Index	容重 Unit weight	含水率 Moisture content	饱和含水率 Saturated moisture content	田间持水量 Field capacity
含水率 Moisture content	0.200
饱和含水率 Saturated moisture content	-0.215	0.823^**
田间持水量 Field capacity	-0.561	0.503	0.658^*
砾石含量 Gravel content	0.216^**	-0.716^**	-0.831^**	-0.523

指标 Index	容重 Unit weight	含水率 Moisture content	饱和含水率 Saturated moisture content	田间持水量 Field capacity
含水率 Moisture content	0.200
饱和含水率 Saturated moisture content	-0.215	0.823^**
田间持水量 Field capacity	-0.561	0.503	0.658^*
砾石含量 Gravel content	0.216^**	-0.716^**	-0.831^**	-0.523

回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数R²	F值 F value	P值 P value
ρ_B=0.231Y_G+18.423	0.547	15.479	<0.01
θ_g=0.565W_B-6.491	0.677	20.916	0.03
θ_g=-0.22Y_G+15.616	0.513	10.537	<0.01
W_B=1.119T_B+7.087	0.433	7.636	<0.01
W_B=-0.37Y_G+38.641	0.690	22.299	<0.01

半干旱地区露天矿排土场复垦对土壤物理性质的影响

Influence of Reclamation of Open Pit Dumps on Soil Physical Properties in Semiarid Regions

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Metrics

指标 Index	第1主成分PC1	第2主成分PC2
砾石含量 Gravel content	-0.911	-0.031
田间持水量 Field capacity	0.842	-0.484
饱和含水率 Saturated moisture content	0.667	0.472
容重 Unit weight	-0.477	0.845
含水率 Moisture content	0.636	0.735
特征值 Eigenvalue	2.616	1.713
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	52.317	34.253
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	52.317	86.570

处理 Treatment	土层 Soil layer/cm	得分 Score			排名 Ranking
处理 Treatment	土层 Soil layer/cm	y₁	y₂	y	排名 Ranking
ZR	0—20	0.66	-2.29	-0.44	5
	20—40	1.10	-0.60	0.37	4
	40—60	1.26	0.99	1.00	2
WF	0—20	-2.10	-0.38	-1.23	9
	20—40	-1.72	0.41	-0.76	7
	40—60	-2.30	1.24	-0.78	8
FK	0—20	0.10	-1.43	-0.44	5
	20—40	1.02	0.29	0.63	3
	40—60	1.99	1.76	1.65	1

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[2]	李子绅1,张常兴2,张锦中2,朱殿峰2,郭泽1,王英锋1,崔国杰2,肖和友3,代晓燕1*. 不同起垄方式对植烟土壤物理特性及烤后烟叶产质量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2019, 21(12): 151-158.
[3]	珊丹,荣浩*,刘艳萍,邢恩德. 草原露天矿排土场微生物菌肥施用效果研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2018, 20(6): 129-135.