生防细菌对人参连作土壤性质及细菌群落结构的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0907

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究生防细菌对人参连作土壤微生态的影响，在田间进行生防细菌处理试验。采用化学分析及高通量测序技术研究土壤理化性质、酶活性和细菌群落的变化。结果表明，施用生防细菌后，土壤电导率显著降低；土壤pH、有机质、水解氮和速效磷含量及土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性显著提高，其中土壤有机质含量增加9.00%；土壤蔗糖酶活性增加19.42%。细菌分类学分析将土壤细菌群落划分为39门、124纲、279目、424科、774属，生防细菌处理显著提高了土壤细菌的ACE指数和Chao指数。相关性分析表明，土壤pH、有机质、水解氮、蔗糖酶、脲酶与节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）呈显著正相关，与慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）、小月菌属（Microlunatus）呈显著负相关；土壤速效磷含量与Candidatus_Xiphinematobacter、RB41 呈显著正相关，与Candidatus_Udaeobacter、节杆菌属呈显著负相关；土壤酸性磷酸酶与分支杆菌属（Mycobacterium）呈显著负相关。综上所述，生防细菌刺激了土壤有益微生物的生长和繁殖，提高了人参连作土壤的肥力和土壤酶活性，改善了土壤营养状况，因此生防细菌有望成为修复退化土壤的有效途径。

关键词: 生防细菌, 人参, 理化性质, 酶活性, 细菌结构

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of biocontrol bacterial on the microecology of ginseng continuous cropping soil， a biocontrol bacterial treatment experiment was conducted in the field. Chemical analysis and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to study the changes in soil physicochemical properties， soil enzyme activities， and bacterial community. The results showed that the application of biocontrol bacteria significantly decreased soil electric conductivity， and increased soil pH， the contents of organic matter， available nitrogen， available phosphorus and the activities of soil urease， soil sucrase， and soil acid phosphatase， with an increase of 9.00% in soil organic matter content and an increase of 19.42% in soil sucrase activity. Bacterial taxonomy analysis divided soil bacterial communities into 39 phyla， 124 classes， 279 orders， 424 families， and 774 genera. Biocontrol bacteria significantly increased the ACE index and Chao index of soil bacteria. Correlation analysis showed that pH， organic matter， available nitrogen， sucrase， urease were significantly positively correlated with Arthrobacter， and significantly negatively correlated with Bradyrhizobium and Microlunatus； available phosphorus content was significantly positively correlated with Candidatus_ Xiphinemabacter， RB41， and significantly negatively correlated with Candidatus_Udaeobacter， Arthrobacter； and there was significantly negative correlation between acid phosphatase and Mycobacterium. In summary， biocontrol bacteria stimulated the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in soil， increased the fertility and enzyme activity of the soil， and improved the soil nutritional status. Therefore， biocontrol bacteria should be expected to become an effective way to repair degraded soil.

Key words: biocontrol bacteria, ginseng, physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, bacterial structure

中图分类号:

S154

王二刚, 吕朋元, 周一, 战宇, 何贵祥, 王丽翔, 苗馨月, 陈长宝, 李琼. 生防细菌对人参连作土壤性质及细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(4): 140-148.

Ergang WANG, Pengyuan LYU, Yi ZHOU, Yu ZHAN, Guixiang HE, Lixiang WANG, Xinyue MIAO, Changbao CHEN, Qiong LI. Effects of Biocontrol Bacteria on Soil Properties and Bacterial Community Structure of Ginseng Continuous Cropping[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(4): 140-148.

图/表 7

表1 不同处理下的土壤理化性质

Table 1 Soil physical and chemical properties under different treatments

处理 Treatment	pH	电导率EC/（μS·cm^-1）	有机质OM/（g∙kg^-1）	碱解氮AN/（mg∙kg^-1）	有效磷AP/（mg∙kg^-1）
CK	6.38±0.03 c	118.00±3.78 a	33.76±1.40 c	315.25±4.22 c	6.27±0.18 b
SZ	6.62±0.02 b	103.85±1.36 b	36.80±0.93 b	325.28±4.75 b	6.89±0.14 a
XT	6.72±0.01 a	85.20±2.21 c	43.37±1.40 a	346.13±5.71 a	5.85±0.11 c

图1 不同处理下的土壤酶活性注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Soil enzyme activities under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表2 不同处理下的土壤细菌序列及Alpha多样性指数

Table 2 Soil bacterial sequence and Alpha diversity index under different treatments

处理

Treatment

序列数

Raw read

OUT数量

Number of OTU

Shannon指数

Shannon index

Ace指数

Ace index

Chao指数

Chao index

Coverage

覆盖度

图2 不同处理下土壤的细菌群落组成A：门水平；B：属水平

Fig. 2 Composition of soil bacterial communities under different treatmentsA： Phyla level； B： Genus level

图 3 不同处理下土壤细菌群落的PCo分析

Fig. 3 PCo analysis of soil bacterial communities under different treatments

图 4 不同处理下的细菌LefSe多级物种差异判别分析A：LEfSe多级物种树图；B：LDA判别柱形图

Fig. 4 Discriminant analysis of multi-level species differences in bacterial LefSe under different treatmentsA： LEfSe multi-level species tree diagram； B： LDA discrimination bar chart

图5 不同处理下土壤细菌属与环境因子的相关性分析注：*、**和***分别代表P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平相关显著。

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis between soil bacterial genus and environmental factors under different treatmentsNote：*， ** and *** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05， P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

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