油茶根腐病根际土壤、根系内真菌群落结构和多样性分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1006

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (7): 121-135.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1006

• 动植物健康 • 上一篇

油茶根腐病根际土壤、根系内真菌群落结构和多样性分析

杨娅琳¹(), 吴峰婧琳¹(), 陈健鑫¹, 武自强¹(), 刘丽¹, 张东华¹, 马焕成², 伍建榕¹()

^1.西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院，云南省高校森林灾害预警控制重点实验室，昆明 650224
^2.西南林业大学林学院，西南地区生物多样性保育国家林业局重点实验室，昆明 650224

收稿日期:2022-11-18 接受日期:2022-12-15 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-07-12
通讯作者: 武自强,伍建榕
作者简介:杨杨娅琳 E-mail： 1319297640@qq.com；吴峰婧琳 E-mail： 1649493839@qq.com
杨杨娅琳 E-mail： 1319297640@qq.com；吴峰婧琳 E-mail： 1649493839@qq.com第一联系人：娅琳和吴峰婧琳为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002002);国家自然科学基金项目(31860208)

Analysis on Structure and Diversity of Fungi Community in Rhizosphere Soil and Root System of Camellia oleifera Root Rot

Yalin YANG¹(), Fengjinglin WU¹(), Jianxin CHEN¹, Ziqiang WU¹(), Li LIU¹, Donghua ZHANG¹, Huancheng MA², Jianrong WU¹()

^1.Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Early Warning and Control in Yunnan Universities； School of Biodiversity Protection，Southwest Forestry University，Kunming 650224，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China，State Forestry Administration； School of Forestry，Southwest Forestry University，Kunming 650224，China

Received:2022-11-18 Accepted:2022-12-15 Online:2024-07-15 Published:2024-07-12
Contact: Ziqiang WU,Jianrong WU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确患根腐病的油茶在不同病情等级下根系和根际土壤内真菌群落组成、多样性、功能特征及与环境因子的关系，以德宏州梁河县的油茶为研究对象，利用高通量测序技术对5个病情等级的油茶根系及根际土壤内真菌的转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer，ITS）序列进行测序。结果表明，染病油茶根系及根际土壤内的真菌群落多样性（Shannon指数）降低，根系中真菌总OTUs（operational taxonomic units）、特有OTUs和丰富度（Chao1指数）呈先增加后减少的趋势；根际土壤中染病油茶真菌群落的均匀度和丰富度上升。门水平上，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）为根系及根际土壤中共同的优势菌门，球囊菌门（Glomeromycota）和被孢囊门（Mortierellomycota）在根系中丰度表现为逐级递减的趋势。属水平上，患病后油茶根系内树状孢属（Dendrosporium）、暗双胞属（Cordana）、Matsushimamyces、无柄盘菌属（Pezicula）、黑孢盘属（Melanconium）的丰度明显上升。油茶林下土壤真菌群落结构的主要影响因子为速效钾、有机质、pH、速效磷，真菌群落与环境因子联合分析结果表明，部分有益菌和磷含量呈正相关，部分病原菌和钾含量呈负相关。FUNGuild 功能分析表明，油茶根系及根际土壤中真菌以腐生型为主，健康油茶中共生营养型真菌丰度最高，染病后逐渐降低；从Ⅱ级病害以后的油茶根系内植物病原功能群开始成为优势功能群。综上所述，油茶患病后真菌的多样性减少，根系内部分有益真菌丰度减少，植物病原菌和腐生菌增加，丛枝菌根真菌的定殖在调节油茶病健关系中发挥着重要的作用。针对德宏州梁河县的油茶基地，需要多施钾肥和磷肥，减少氮肥的施用，可提高部分有益菌的丰度，降低病原菌的丰度，从而减轻油茶根腐病的发生。

关键词: 油茶根腐病, 真菌多样性, 群落结构, 土壤理化性质, FUNGuild功能

Abstract:

To clarify the fungal community composition， diversity， functional characteristics and environmental factor relevance in the root system and inter-rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera with root rot at different disease levels， internal transcribed spacer（ITS） sequences of fungi within the fibrous roots and rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera of 5 disease classes were sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology in Lianghe county， Dehong prefecture. The results showed that the diversity （Shannon index） of fungal communities within the diseased C. oleifera fibrous roots and rhizosphere soil would decrease， and the total operational taxonomic units（OTUs）， endemic OTUs and abundance （Chao1 index） of fungi in the roots showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend； the uniformity and abundance of fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of diseased C. oleifera increased. At the phylum level， Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the common dominant phylum in the fibrous roots and rhizosphere soil， while Glomeromycota and Mortierellomycota showed a decreasing trend in abundance in the fibrous roots. At the genus level， the abundance of Dendrosporium， Cordana， Matsushimamyces， Pezicula and Melanconium increased significantly after the disease. The main influenced factors of soil fungal community structure in C. oleifera understory were available potassium， organic matter， pH and available phosphorus， and the results of combined analysis of fungal community and environmental factors showed that some beneficial fungi and phosphorus were positively correlated， and some pathogenic fungi and potassium were negatively correlated.FUNGuild functional analysis showed that the fungi in the root and rhizosphere soil of camellia oleifera were mainly saprophytic， and the abundance of symbiotic nutritional fungi in healthy C. oleifera was the highest and gradually decreased after the disease； the phytopathogenic functional group in the root system of C. oleifera became the dominant functional group after the grade Ⅱ disease. In summary， after the disease of C. oleifera， the diversity of fungi decreasesd， the abundance of some beneficial fungi in the fibrous roots decreased， the abundance of phytopathogenic and saprophytic fungi increased， and the colonization of bush mycorrhizal fungi played an important role in regulating the disease and health relationship of C. oleifera. For the C. oleifera base in Lianghe county， Dehong prefecture， it was necessary to apply more potassium and phosphorus fertilizers and reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers， which could increase the abundance of some beneficial fungi and reduce the abundance of pathogenic fungi to mitigate the occurrence of root rot of C. oleifera.

Key words: Camellia oleifera root rot, fungal diversity, community structure, physical and chemical properties of soil, FUNGuild function

中图分类号:

S763.7

杨娅琳, 吴峰婧琳, 陈健鑫, 武自强, 刘丽, 张东华, 马焕成, 伍建榕. 油茶根腐病根际土壤、根系内真菌群落结构和多样性分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(7): 121-135.

Yalin YANG, Fengjinglin WU, Jianxin CHEN, Ziqiang WU, Li LIU, Donghua ZHANG, Huancheng MA, Jianrong WU. Analysis on Structure and Diversity of Fungi Community in Rhizosphere Soil and Root System of Camellia oleifera Root Rot[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(7): 121-135.

图/表 9

表1 不同病情等级根腐病油茶土壤理化性质

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of C. oleifera soil with root rot at different disease levels

指标 Index	病情等级 Disease level
指标 Index	0	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
pH	4.50±0.30 b	4.60±0.10 b	4.50±0.12 b	4.90±0.06 a	4.90±0.03 a
有机质OM/（g·kg^-1）	30.50±2.10 b	36.70±3.50 ab	39.60±2.80 a	41.80±5.50 a	42.70±5.90 a
速效磷AP/（mg·kg^-1）	13.70±0.50 b	13.30±0.60 b	12.60±0.30 b	24.20±1.40 a	14.00±1.20 b
速效钾AK/（mg·kg^-1）	187.00±12 b	164.00±14.00 b	177.00±14.00 b	177.00±10.00 b	240.00±8.00 a
全氮TN/（g·kg^-1）	1.35±0.07 c	1.52±0.17 bc	1.62±0.24 ab	1.77±0.03 ab	1.81±0.08 a
全磷TP/（g·kg^-1）	0.60±0.07 d	0.73±0.03 bc	0.67±0.07 cd	0.88±0.03 a	0.80±0.04 ab
全钾TK/（g·kg^-1）	26.00±0.80 a	25.00±1.00 a	24.00±1.10 a	21.40±1.20 b	19.80±2.20 b
硝态氮 $N O 3 -$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	2.45±0.18 c	2.29±0.32 c	3.88±0.05 b	3.91±0.30 b	4.32±0.13 a
氨态氮 $N H 4 +$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	19.48±5.38 c	59.92±1.23 a	37.97±2.05 b	25.48±5.80 c	22.96±5.38 c

表1 不同病情等级根腐病油茶土壤理化性质

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of C. oleifera soil with root rot at different disease levels

指标 Index	病情等级 Disease level
指标 Index	0	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
pH	4.50±0.30 b	4.60±0.10 b	4.50±0.12 b	4.90±0.06 a	4.90±0.03 a
有机质OM/（g·kg^-1）	30.50±2.10 b	36.70±3.50 ab	39.60±2.80 a	41.80±5.50 a	42.70±5.90 a
速效磷AP/（mg·kg^-1）	13.70±0.50 b	13.30±0.60 b	12.60±0.30 b	24.20±1.40 a	14.00±1.20 b
速效钾AK/（mg·kg^-1）	187.00±12 b	164.00±14.00 b	177.00±14.00 b	177.00±10.00 b	240.00±8.00 a
全氮TN/（g·kg^-1）	1.35±0.07 c	1.52±0.17 bc	1.62±0.24 ab	1.77±0.03 ab	1.81±0.08 a
全磷TP/（g·kg^-1）	0.60±0.07 d	0.73±0.03 bc	0.67±0.07 cd	0.88±0.03 a	0.80±0.04 ab
全钾TK/（g·kg^-1）	26.00±0.80 a	25.00±1.00 a	24.00±1.10 a	21.40±1.20 b	19.80±2.20 b
硝态氮 $N O 3 -$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	2.45±0.18 c	2.29±0.32 c	3.88±0.05 b	3.91±0.30 b	4.32±0.13 a
氨态氮 $N H 4 +$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	19.48±5.38 c	59.92±1.23 a	37.97±2.05 b	25.48±5.80 c	22.96±5.38 c

表2 油茶根系及根际土壤中真菌α多样性指数

Table 2 Alpha diversity index of fungi in the root system and inter-rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

取样部位 Sampling location	样品名称 Sample name	Ace指数 Ace index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Shannon指数 Shannon index
油茶根系 C.oleifera root	HS0	742.11	614.60	0.09	3.07
	DS1	655.40	678.14	0.40	2.10
	DS2	801.64	790.30	0.14	2.85
	DS3	897.48	752.73	0.10	2.90
	DS4	829.22	723.70	0.15	2.66
油茶根际土壤 C. oleifera inter-rhizosphere soil	HR0	844.51	871.34	0.02	4.84
	DR1	904.10	907.25	0.03	4.45
	DR2	882.18	884.18	0.04	4.29
	DR3	976.36	972.81	0.05	4.12
	DR4	943.66	946.70	0.05	4.06

图1 油茶根系及根际土壤真菌OTU分布韦恩图A：油茶根系； B：油茶根际土壤

Fig. 1 Venn diagram of OTU distribution of C. oleifera root and inter-rhizosphere soil fungiA： C. oleifera root； B： C. oleifera inter-rhizosphere soil

图2 油茶根系及根际土壤真菌门的相对丰度A：油茶根系； B：油茶根际土壤

Fig. 2 Relative abundance of fungal phyla of C. oleifera roots and inter-rhizosphere soilA： C. oleifera root； B： C. oleifera inter-rhizosphere soil

图3 油茶根系及根际土壤真菌属的相对丰度A：油茶根系； B：油茶根际土壤

Fig. 3 Relative abundance of fungal genera of C. oleifera roots and inter-rhizosphere soilA： C. oleifera root； B： C. oleifera inter-rhizosphere soil

图4 不同病害等级下油茶根系及根际土壤真菌在属水平上的PCoA分析和聚类树

Fig. 4 PCoA analysis and tree of C. oleifera root systems and inter-root soil fungi at the genus level under different disease classes

图5 油茶根际土壤真菌群落组成（属水平）和环境因子的冗余分析

Fig. 5 Redundancy analysis of fungal community composition （genus level） and environmental factors in inter-rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

图6 油茶根际土壤真菌群落组成（属水平）和理化参数的Spearman相关性分析注：*和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平相关显著。

Fig. 6 Spearman correlation analysis of fungal community composition （genus level） and physicochemical parameters of inter-rhizosphere soil of C. oleiferaNote： * and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels，respectively.

图7 油茶根系及根际土壤真菌功能预测A：根系不同营养型相对丰度；B：根际土壤不同营养型相对丰度；C：根系共位群相对丰度bar图；D：根际土壤共位群相对丰度bar图

Fig. 7 Predicted of fungal function analysis of C. oleifera root system and inter-root soilA： Relative abundance of different trophic types in fibrons root； B： Relative abundance of different trophic types in rhizosphere soil； C： Relative abundance of co-located groups bar graph in fibrons root； D： Relative abundance of co-located groups bar graph in rhizosphere soil

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油茶根腐病根际土壤、根系内真菌群落结构和多样性分析

Analysis on Structure and Diversity of Fungi Community in Rhizosphere Soil and Root System of Camellia oleifera Root Rot

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