黄淮海平原农田土壤温室气体排放对长期施加生物炭的响应

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1081

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (7): 178-186.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1081

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

黄淮海平原农田土壤温室气体排放对长期施加生物炭的响应

刘宏元¹(), 周志花²(), 赵光昕³, 沈钦瑞⁴

^1.山东省农业科学院湿地农业与生态研究所, 济南 250100
^2.内蒙古自治区气象台, 呼和浩特 010051
^3.北京科技大学天津学院, 天津 301830
^4.山东省菏泽市曹县植物检疫站, 山东菏泽 274400

收稿日期:2021-12-21 接受日期:2022-04-12 出版日期:2023-07-15 发布日期:2023-08-25
通讯作者: 刘宏元
作者简介:刘宏元 E-mail：saasliuhongyuan@163.com
周志花 E-mail：545331430@qq.com第一联系人：刘宏元和周志花为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
山东省重点研发计划项目(2020CXGC010804);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2023B01)

Effects of Long-term Biochar Application on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Its Temporal Effect in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Hongyuan LIU¹(), Zhihua ZHOU²(), Guangxin ZHAO³, Qinrui SHEN⁴

^1.Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology，Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Jinan 250100，China
^2.Inner Mongolia Meteorological Observatory，Hohhot 010051，China
^3.Tianjin College，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Tianjin 301830，China
^4.Cao County Plant Quarantine Station of Heze City Shandong Province，Shandong Heze 274400，China

Received:2021-12-21 Accepted:2022-04-12 Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-08-25
Contact: Hongyuan LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究生物炭对温室气体排放影响的时间效应，以黄淮海平原土壤为研究对象，设置每年分别施用0.00（CK）、2.25（C1）、4.50（C2）、9.00（C3）、13.50 t·hm^-2（C4）生物炭和仅一次性施用13.50 t·hm^-2生物炭处理（CS），研究3年后黄淮海平原小麦-玉米轮作农田生态系统土壤温室气体排放及土壤理化性质的差异。结果表明，CS处理可以显著抑制土壤CO₂排放量，在小麦季和玉米季分别较CK显著降低38.5%和25.75%；C2、C3和C4生物炭处理仅在玉米季显著抑制土壤CO₂排放，较CK降低17.7%~24.6%。生物炭对土壤CH₄排放无显著性影响。生物炭处理均可以显著抑制土壤N₂O排放，在小麦季和玉米季分别较CK显著降低37.5%~60.1%和24.9%~39.3%。CS处理显著降低了综合增温潜势，较CK降低30.4%，表明一次性施用大量生物炭对温室气体排放的抑制效果更佳。相关分析表明，土壤CO₂排放通量与土壤温度、湿度、NH $4 +$ -N和NO $3 -$ -N呈极显著的正相关关系；土壤CH₄排放通量与土壤温度、NH $4 +$ -N、NO $3 -$ -N呈极显著的负相关关系，与土壤湿度呈显著的负相关关系；土壤N₂O排放通量与土壤温度、湿度、NH $4 +$ -N和NO $3 -$ -N呈极显著的正相关关系。综上所述，生物炭对土壤温室气体排放具有抑制作用，在本试验条件下，一次性施用13.5 t·hm^-2生物炭可达到环境效益最大化。

关键词: 土壤理化性质, 综合增温潜势, 生物炭, 时间限制效应

Abstract:

To study the temporal effect of biochar on greenhouse gas emissions， the soil of the Huang-Huai-Hai plain was as the research object. The amount of biochar was added with 0.00 （CK）， 2.25 （C1），4.50 （C2），9.00 （C3），13.50 t·hm^-2 （C4） per year and 13.50 t·hm^-2 （CS） at one time for 3 years. The differences in soil greenhouse gases and soil physicochemical properties of the wheat-maize rotation farmland ecosystem in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain were studied. The results showed that CS treatment could significantly suppress CO₂ emission of soil， with the decrease of 38.5% and 25.75% in wheat and corn seasons， respectively. The C2， C3 and C4 treatments significantly suppressed CO₂ emission of soil by 17.7%~24.6% in the maize season. Biochar had no significant effect on CH₄ emission of soil. The application of biochar could significantly inhibit N₂O emission of soil， reaching 37.5%~60.1% and 24.9%~39.3% in wheat and maize seasons， respectively. Only CS treatment significantly reduced the comprehensive warming potential by 30.4%， which indicated that the one-time application of a large amount of biochar had a better inhibitory effect on greenhouse gases. Correlation analysis showed that soil CO₂ emission flux was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature， moisture， NH $4 +$ -N and NO $3 -$ -N. Soil CH₄ emission flux was negatively correlated with soil temperature， moisture， NH $4 +$ -N and NO $3 -$ -N. Soil N₂O emission flux was positively correlated with soil temperature， moisture， NH $4 +$ -N and NO $3 -$ -N. In summary， biochar could inhibit soil greenhouse gas emissions. Under the conditions of this experiment， a one-time application of 13.5 t·hm^-2 of biochar could maximize environmental benefits.

Key words: physical and chemical properties of soil, global warming potential, biochar, time-dependent

中图分类号:

S156

刘宏元, 周志花, 赵光昕, 沈钦瑞. 黄淮海平原农田土壤温室气体排放对长期施加生物炭的响应[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(7): 178-186.

Hongyuan LIU, Zhihua ZHOU, Guangxin ZHAO, Qinrui SHEN. Effects of Long-term Biochar Application on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Its Temporal Effect in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(7): 178-186.

图/表 6

图1 不同处理下的土壤温度和土壤湿度

Fig. 1 Temperature and moisture of soil under different treatments

图2 各处理土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N含量

Fig. 2 Contents of NH4+-N and soil NO3--N in soil under different treatments

表1 各处理土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N、温度、湿度的季节平均值

Table 1 Seasonal mean values of soil NH4+-N， NO3--N， temperature and moisture of each treatment

种植季 Planting season	处理 Treatment	土壤温度 Soil temperature/℃	土壤湿度Soil moisture/%	NH $4 +$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	NO $3 -$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）
小麦季 Wheat season	CK	7.7±0.3 ab	17.1±1.8 a	44.8±2.6 a	16.6±1.6 b
	C1	8.1±0.3 a	15.9±1.1 ab	47.6±5.6 a	19.1±1.4 ab
	C2	7.6±0.2 b	14.9±0.8 b	48.0±5.3 a	19.1±0.9 ab
	C3	8.0±0.4 ab	15.4±0.8 ab	44.0±3.5 a	20.4±1.7 a
	C4	8.1±0.3 a	16.0±1.2 ab	43.5±5.0 a	21.2±1.8 a
	CS	8.1±0.1 ab	15.3±0.9 ab	42.5±3.7 a	20.8±1.2 a
玉米季 Maize season	CK	24.7±0.1 d	24.6±0.7 a	24.1±5.4 ab	24.6±2.1 b
	C1	24.8±0.1 cd	24.3±1.0 a	22.1±2.8 ab	27.9±1.9 ab
	C2	24.9±0.1 bc	24.5±1.1 a	19.4±2.6 b	25.9±2.2 ab
	C3	25.0±0.1 ab	24.5±0.9 a	26.9±2.3 a	30.1±4.3 a
	C4	25.2±0.1 a	25.1±0.9 a	23.6±3.3 ab	29.9±3.3 a
	CS	25.1±0.1 a	24.0±1.3 a	24.7±1.6 ab	28.3±2.7 ab

表1 各处理土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N、温度、湿度的季节平均值

Table 1 Seasonal mean values of soil NH4+-N， NO3--N， temperature and moisture of each treatment

种植季 Planting season	处理 Treatment	土壤温度 Soil temperature/℃	土壤湿度Soil moisture/%	NH $4 +$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	NO $3 -$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）
小麦季 Wheat season	CK	7.7±0.3 ab	17.1±1.8 a	44.8±2.6 a	16.6±1.6 b
	C1	8.1±0.3 a	15.9±1.1 ab	47.6±5.6 a	19.1±1.4 ab
	C2	7.6±0.2 b	14.9±0.8 b	48.0±5.3 a	19.1±0.9 ab
	C3	8.0±0.4 ab	15.4±0.8 ab	44.0±3.5 a	20.4±1.7 a
	C4	8.1±0.3 a	16.0±1.2 ab	43.5±5.0 a	21.2±1.8 a
	CS	8.1±0.1 ab	15.3±0.9 ab	42.5±3.7 a	20.8±1.2 a
玉米季 Maize season	CK	24.7±0.1 d	24.6±0.7 a	24.1±5.4 ab	24.6±2.1 b
	C1	24.8±0.1 cd	24.3±1.0 a	22.1±2.8 ab	27.9±1.9 ab
	C2	24.9±0.1 bc	24.5±1.1 a	19.4±2.6 b	25.9±2.2 ab
	C3	25.0±0.1 ab	24.5±0.9 a	26.9±2.3 a	30.1±4.3 a
	C4	25.2±0.1 a	25.1±0.9 a	23.6±3.3 ab	29.9±3.3 a
	CS	25.1±0.1 a	24.0±1.3 a	24.7±1.6 ab	28.3±2.7 ab

图3 不同处理下土壤CO2、CH4和N2O的排放通量

Fig. 3 Emission fluxes of CO2， CH4 and N2O in soil under different treatments

表2 各处理土壤累积CO2、CH4、N2O排放量和综合增温潜势

Table 2 Cumulative emissions of CO2， CH4， N2O and GWP under different treatments

处理 Treatment	累积排放量Cumulative emissions						综合增温潜势GWP/ （CO₂-eq kg·hm^-2）
	CO₂/（kg·hm^-2）		CH₄/（g·hm^-2）		N₂O/（g·hm^-2）
	小麦季 Wheat season	玉米季 Maize season	小麦季 Wheat season	玉米季 Maize season	小麦季 Wheat season	玉米季 Maize season
CK	9 452±919 a	11 970±1 024 a	1.3±0.7 a	-0.6±0.8 a	2 162±387 a	1 624±168 a	22 551±2 108 a
C1	9 016±542 a	10 438±1 356 ab	0.4±0.2 a	-0.2±0.5 a	1 211±382 c	1 220±163 bc	20 179±2 060 a
C2	10 221±866 a	9 857±1 325 b	0.2±0.3 a	-0.3±0.6 a	1 351±321 bc	1 155±119 bc	20 825±2 323 a
C3	9 143±841 a	9 815±700 b	-0.0±1.2 a	-0.1±1.2 a	863±409 c	1 081±169 c	19 538±1 714 a
C4	9 822±751 a	9 027±756 b	0.3±0.5 a	0.9±1.5 a	940±367 c	985±99 c	19 423±1 645 a
CS	5 813±573 b	8 888±673 b	1.1±0.8 a	-0.7±0.7 a	1 932±194 ab	1 403±199 ab	15 694±1 363 b

表3 土壤CO2、CH4、N2O排放通量与土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N、温度和湿度的相关性

Table 3 Correlation between the CO2， CH4 and N2O fluxes with soil NH4+-N， NO3--N， temperature and moisture

因子Factor

4 +

-N

3 -

-N

土壤温度

Soil temperature

土壤湿度

Soil moisture

CO₂

CH₄

N₂O

表3 土壤CO2、CH4、N2O排放通量与土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N、温度和湿度的相关性

Table 3 Correlation between the CO2， CH4 and N2O fluxes with soil NH4+-N， NO3--N， temperature and moisture

因子Factor

4 +

-N

3 -

-N

土壤温度

Soil temperature

土壤湿度

Soil moisture

CO₂

0.329^**

0.292^**

0.365^**

0.399^**

CH₄

-0.166^**

-0.151^**

-0.147^**

-0.092^*

N₂O

0.650^**

-0.391^**

0.130^**

0.212^**

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黄淮海平原农田土壤温室气体排放对长期施加生物炭的响应

Effects of Long-term Biochar Application on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Its Temporal Effect in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

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