生物炭和滴灌量对陕北榆林沙土性质和马铃薯生长的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0792

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 221-233.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0792

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

生物炭和滴灌量对陕北榆林沙土性质和马铃薯生长的影响

杨玲¹(), 张富仓¹(), 孙鑫¹, 张少辉¹, 王海东¹, ABDELGHANY Ahmed Elsayed¹, 陈占飞², 方玉川²

^1.西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西杨凌712100
^2.陕西省榆林市农业科学院, 陕西榆林 719000

收稿日期:2021-09-08 接受日期:2022-01-18 出版日期:2023-03-15 发布日期:2023-05-22
通讯作者: 张富仓
作者简介:杨玲E-mail：1729759720@qq.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51579211);陕西省农业领域重点产业创新链项目(2016KTZDNY-01-02);教育部高等学校创新引智计划项目(B12007)

Effects of Biochar and Drip Irrigation Amounts on Soil Properties and Growth of Potato in Blown-sand Region of Northern Yulin， Shaanxi Province

Ling YANG¹(), Fucang ZHANG¹(), Xin SUN¹, Shaohui ZHANG¹, Haidong WANG¹, Ahmed Elsayed ABDELGHANY¹, Zhanfei CHEN², Yuchuan FANG²

^1.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education，Northwest A&F University，Shaanxi Yangling 712100，China
^2.Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Shaanxi Province，Shaanxi Yulin 719000，China

Received:2021-09-08 Accepted:2022-01-18 Online:2023-03-15 Published:2023-05-22
Contact: Fucang ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物炭具有改良土壤和节水保肥增产的效应，针对榆林沙土地持水保肥能力低的问题，将滴灌施肥与生物炭相结合，探究生物炭施用量和滴灌量对土壤理化性质和马铃薯生长的影响。大田试验设置2个滴灌量水平80% ET_c （W1）和100% ET_c （W2），5个生物炭水平0（B0）、10（B10）、20（B20）、30（B30）和50 t·hm^-2（B50），共10个处理，生育期内对土壤容重、孔隙度、有机碳、土壤水分、速效钾、硝态氮、干物质累积量及产量等进行观测。结果表明，随着生物炭施用量的增加，0—20 cm土层土壤容重显著降低，土壤孔隙度、土壤有机碳含量和土壤速效钾含量显著增加，土壤硝态氮含量和含水量先增加后减小。随着滴灌量增加，0—20 cm土层土壤容重降低，土壤孔隙度和含水量增大。生物炭的施用仅对生长后期马铃薯干物质累积量促进效果显著，表现为随着生物炭施用量的增加先增加后减少。马铃薯块茎产量和水分利用效率随着施炭量的增加先增加后减小，马铃薯块茎产量随着滴灌量的增大而增大，W2B30处理下最高，为58 263.89 kg·hm^-2，但与W1B20、W1B30、W2B20处理无显著差异，而水分利用效率最大值出现在W1B20处理，所以从产量、水分利用效率以及经济的角度考虑，W1B20可作为本试验条件下较适宜的水炭组合。

关键词: 马铃薯, 生物炭, 滴灌量, 土壤性质, 生长, 产量

Abstract:

Biochar has the effect of improving soil， saving water， retaining fertilizer and increasing yield. In response to the problem of low water and fertilizer retention capacity of sandy soil in Yulin， the effects of biochar application amounts and drip irrigation amounts on soil physicochemical characters and potato growth were studied by combining biochar with drip irrigation fertilization. There were two irrigation levels： 80% ET_C（W1） and 100% ET_C（W2）， and five carbon application levels： 0 （B0）， 10 （B10）， 20 （B20），30 （B30） and 50 t·hm^-2 （B50）， a total of 10 treatments. Soil bulk density， organic carbon， soil water content， available potassium， nitrate nitrogen， dry matter accumulation amount and yield were observed during the growth period. The results showed that soil bulk density in 0—20 cm soil layer was decreased significantly with the increase of biochar， while soil porosity， soil organic carbon content and the content of available potassium were increased significantly， and the content of NO $3 -$ -N and soil water content in the 0—20 cm soil layer were first increased and then decreased with the increase of biochar. With the increase of irrigation amount， soil bulk density in the 0—20 cm soil layer was decreased， and soil porosity and water content were increased. The effect of biochar application on potato dry matter accumulation amount was significant only at the late growth stage， which was first increased and then decreased with the increase of biochar. The potato tuber yield and water use efficiency were first increased and then decreased with the increase of biochar， and the tuber yield was increased with the increase of irrigation amount， and yield reached the maximum of 58 263.89 kg·hm^-2 at W2B30 treatment， but there was no significant differences with W1B20， W1B30 and W2B20， while the maximum water use efficiency was W1B20 treatment， Therefore， considering the yield， water use efficiency and economy， W1B20 treatment could be a suitable water-carbon combination under the experimental conditions.

Key words: potato, biochar, drip irrigation amounts, soil properties, growth, yield

中图分类号:

S532

杨玲, 张富仓, 孙鑫, 张少辉, 王海东, ABDELGHANY Ahmed Elsayed, 陈占飞, 方玉川. 生物炭和滴灌量对陕北榆林沙土性质和马铃薯生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(3): 221-233.

Ling YANG, Fucang ZHANG, Xin SUN, Shaohui ZHANG, Haidong WANG, Ahmed Elsayed ABDELGHANY, Zhanfei CHEN, Yuchuan FANG. Effects of Biochar and Drip Irrigation Amounts on Soil Properties and Growth of Potato in Blown-sand Region of Northern Yulin， Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(3): 221-233.

图/表 8

图1 马铃薯生育期内参考作物需水量、平均气温、有效降雨量、实际灌水量和施肥比例

Fig. 1 Reference crop evapotranspiration， air temperature， effective rainfall， actual irrigation amount and fertilizer application rate during tomato growth stage

图2 不同处理下土壤容重和孔隙度注：同一土层不同小写字母表示差异在P＜0.05水平显著。

Fig. 2 Soil bulk density and porosity under different treatmentsNote： Different small letters at the same soil layer indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同时期不同处理下0—20 cm土层土壤有机碳注：同一时期不同小写字母表示差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 3 Soil organic carbon in 0—20 cm soil layer at different periods under different treatmentsNote： Different small letters at same period indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.

图4 不同处理下土壤速效钾含量注：同一水平距离上不同小写字母表示0—20 cm土层差异在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Soil available potassium content under different treatmentsNote： Different small letters at same horizontal distance indicate 0—20 cm soil layers significant differences at P<0.05 level.

图5 不同处理下土壤硝态氮残留注：同一水平距离上不同小写字母表示0—20 cm土层差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 5 Soil NO3-?N content under different treatmentsNote：Different small letters at same horizontal distance indicate 0—20 cm soil layers significant differences at P<0.05 level.

图6 不同处理下土壤含水量

Fig. 6 Soil water content under different treatments

图7 不同处理下马铃薯干物质累积量注：Ⅰ~Ⅴ分别代表苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期、成熟期；*和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平显著。

Fig. 7 Tomato dry matter accumulation amount under different treatmentsNote： Ⅰ~Ⅴ represents seedling， tuber formation， bulking， starch accumulation and maturity stage， respectively； * and ** indicates significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively.

表1 不同处理下马铃薯产量和水分利用效率

Table 1 Tuber yield and water use efficiency under different treatments

处理 Treatment	块茎产量 Tuber yield/ （kg·hm^-2）	单株产量（g·株^-1） Tuber of perplant/ （g·plant^-1）	商品薯重（g·株^-1） Commodity tuber/（g·plant^-1）	大薯重（g·株^-1） Big tuber/ （g·plant^-1）	水分利用效率 WUE/（kg·m^-3）
W1B0	40 888.89 e	1 183.75 d	984.93 c	726.46 d	8.63 d
W1B10	45 041.66 de	1 240.62 cd	1 051.75 c	755.29 cd	9.50 cd
W1B20	56 138.89 ab	1 653.75 a	1 398.43 a	764.55 bcd	12.49 a
W1B30	57 180.55 a	1 627.53 a	1 403.43 ab	754.86 cd	12.41 a
W1B50	47 194.45 d	1 330.26 cd	1 359.87 ab	746.79 cd	10.35 bc
W2B0	44 416.66 de	1 362.57 bcd	1 170.86 bc	742.10 cd	9.27 cd
W2B10	50 236.11 bcd	1 463.75 abc	1 257.19 ab	798.85 abc	10.36 bc
W2B20	55 472.22 abc	1 611.87 a	1 458.72 a	821.79 a	11.22 b
W2B30	58 263.89 a	1 657. 51 a	1 436.82 a	814.70 ab	11.31 ab
W2B50	49 083.33 cd	1 599.37 ab	1 317.62 ab	765.23 bcd	9.14 cd
F_滴灌量F_{Irrigation rate}	3.774	5.379^*	1.929^*	15.823^**	2.744
F_生物炭F_{Biochar rate}	19.029^**	6.887^**	4.372^*	2.905^*	18.093^**
F_{滴灌量×生物炭} F_{Irrigation rate×biochar rate}	0.608	1.140	0.833	0.596	3.345^*

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生物炭和滴灌量对陕北榆林沙土性质和马铃薯生长的影响

Effects of Biochar and Drip Irrigation Amounts on Soil Properties and Growth of Potato in Blown-sand Region of Northern Yulin， Shaanxi Province

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