微生物有机肥对连作菜薹生长及土壤性质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0553

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了更好地解决连作障碍，改善连作菜薹的产量和品质，以‘粤薹1号’菜薹为试验材料，通过施用微生物有机肥（0、3 000、4 500、6 000及7 500 kg·hm^-2），研究其对连作菜薹生长、品质及土壤的影响。结果表明，施用微生物有机肥后，连作菜薹单株质量和主薹质量均有增加，同时提高了土壤的有机质、碱解氮含量和电导率，增加了土壤酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性，降低了脲酶的活性。与单施化肥相比，施用微生物有机肥7 500 kg·hm^-2后，连作菜薹的维生素C、蛋白质、粗纤维及可溶性固形物含量分别增加6.28%、12.39%、5.30%、37.38%；根际土壤的有机质、碱解氮和电导率分别显著增加59.67%、97.63%和175.76%；菜薹根际土壤的酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高23.10%、7.40%和116.92%，脲酶活性降低8.39%；根际土壤的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别增加80.62%、79.26%、46.00%，菜薹根际土壤细菌和真菌的相对丰度也得到提高。综上所述，施用微生物有机肥，提高了土壤肥力和微生物的多样性，改善了连作菜薹的生长和品质。

关键词: 菜薹, 微生物有机肥, 连作, 生长, 土壤酶活性

Abstract:

In order to solve the obstacles of successive crop and improve the yield and quality of successive crop， we applied bio-organic fertilizer （0， 3 000， 4 500， 6 000 and 7 500 kg·hm^-2） to Chinese flowering cabbage as the experimental material to study its effect on the growth， quality and soil of successive cabbage. The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the plant and shoots weight of continuous crop flowering Chinese cabbage， and soil organic matter， alkali hydrolyzable N and electrical conductivity were also increased with the same treatment. In addition， bio-organic fertilizer substantially increased the activity of soil acid phosphatase， catalase and sucrase， but decreased the activity of urease. Compared with cheinicoil fertilizer， the application of 7 500 kg·hm^-2 of bio-organic fertilizer， the content of vitamin C， protein， crude fibre and soluble solids of successive vegetable shoots were increased by 6.28%， 12.39%， 5.30% and 37.38%， respectively. Moreover soil organic matter， alkali hydrolyzable N and electrical conductivity were increased by 59.67%， 97.63% and 175.76%， respectively. The activitiy of acid phosphatase， catalase and sucrase in root zone of soil were greatly increased by 23.10%， 7.40% and 116.92%， respectively， while urease was decreased by 8.39%. The numbers of bacteria， fungi and actinomycetes were noticeably increased by 80.62%， 79.26% and 46.00%， respectively， and the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi also increased. In conclusion， application of bio-organic fertilizer could improve the growth and quality of continuous cropping flowering Chinese cabbage， and increase the soil fertility and microbial diversity.

Key words: Chinese flowering cabbage, bio-organic fertilizer, successive crop, growth, soil enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S634.9

郭巨先, 欧阳碧珊, 李桂花, 符梅, 罗文龙, 骆善伟, 陆美莲. 微生物有机肥对连作菜薹生长及土壤性质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(2): 182-191.

Juxian GUO, Bishan OUYANG, Guihua LI, Mei FU, Wenlong LUO, Shanwei LUO, Meilian LU. Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizers on Quality and Soil of Continuous Crop Chinese Flowering Cabbage[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(2): 182-191.

图/表 10

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	薹长 Flower stalk length/cm	单株质量 Plant weight/g	主薹质量 Flower stalk weight/g
CK	39.75±2.63 b	33.50±2.64 c	142.25±19.50 c	116.00±15.42 d
T1	49.25±2.50 a	43.50±3.41 a	194.25±17.59 b	142.00±17.26 cd
T2	43.71±1.50 b	38.43±2.06 b	174.68±18.31 b	138.36±16.85 bc
T3	49.25±0.95 a	44.50±2.38 a	239.00±30.82 a	196.25±18.71 b
T4	49.00±1.15 a	44.25±1.71 a	275.50±35.06 a	237.75±30.83 a

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	薹长 Flower stalk length/cm	单株质量 Plant weight/g	主薹质量 Flower stalk weight/g
CK	39.75±2.63 b	33.50±2.64 c	142.25±19.50 c	116.00±15.42 d
T1	49.25±2.50 a	43.50±3.41 a	194.25±17.59 b	142.00±17.26 cd
T2	43.71±1.50 b	38.43±2.06 b	174.68±18.31 b	138.36±16.85 bc
T3	49.25±0.95 a	44.50±2.38 a	239.00±30.82 a	196.25±18.71 b
T4	49.00±1.15 a	44.25±1.71 a	275.50±35.06 a	237.75±30.83 a

处理 Treatment	维生素C Vitamin C/（mg·100 g^-1）	还原糖 Reducing sugar/（mg·100 g^-1）	蛋白质 Protein/（mg·100 g^-1）	粗纤维 Crude fibre/%	可溶性固体物 Soluble solids/%
CK	42.20±0.02 c	1.185±0.009 b	1.655±0.003 c	0.660±0.006 c	3.090±0.003 b
T1	43.25±0.09 c	1.185±0.009 b	1.675±0.003 c	0.660±0.006 c	3.295±0.002 b
T2	44.15±0.03 b	1.095±0.003 c	1.775±0.014 b	0.635±0.003 d	3.995±0.005 b
T3	41.95±0.14 d	1.315±0.003 a	1.655±0.014 c	0.760±0.006 a	3.995±0.001 b
T4	44.85±0.03 a	1.195±0.003 b	1.860±0.023 a	0.695±0.003 b	4.245±0.003 a

处理 Treatment	维生素C Vitamin C/（mg·100 g^-1）	还原糖 Reducing sugar/（mg·100 g^-1）	蛋白质 Protein/（mg·100 g^-1）	粗纤维 Crude fibre/%	可溶性固体物 Soluble solids/%
CK	42.20±0.02 c	1.185±0.009 b	1.655±0.003 c	0.660±0.006 c	3.090±0.003 b
T1	43.25±0.09 c	1.185±0.009 b	1.675±0.003 c	0.660±0.006 c	3.295±0.002 b
T2	44.15±0.03 b	1.095±0.003 c	1.775±0.014 b	0.635±0.003 d	3.995±0.005 b
T3	41.95±0.14 d	1.315±0.003 a	1.655±0.014 c	0.760±0.006 a	3.995±0.001 b
T4	44.85±0.03 a	1.195±0.003 b	1.860±0.023 a	0.695±0.003 b	4.245±0.003 a

处理 Treatment	有机质 Organic matter/（g·kg^-1）	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzable N/（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available P/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available K/（mg·kg^-1）	电导率 Electrical conductivity/（ms·cm^-1）	pH
CK	24.42±0.07 d	99.26±2.97 e	114.22±2.54 c	405.01±3.46 b	0.165±0.003 d	6.35±0.01 a
T1	24.93±0.19 d	140.81±4.46 d	206.72±3.81 a	441.02±1.15 a	0.365±0.023 c	6.14±0.02 a
T2	28.47±0.05 c	155.14±2.12 c	195.71±0.00 a	400.50±2.59 b	0.417±0.006 b	6.36±0.03 a
T3	32.19±1.82 b	166.57±1.21 b	189.10±4.58 a	339.23±3.22 d	0.420±0.003 b	6.54±0.02 a
T4	38.99±0.31 a	196.17±6.39 a	144.54±4.49 b	384.67±6.64 c	0.455±0.003 a	6.53±0.02 a