强还原土壤灭菌处理对人参连作土壤细菌群落结构及土壤酶活的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0695

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

强还原土壤灭菌（reductive soil disinfestation，RSD）和土壤熏蒸（soil fumigation，SF）是缓解人参连作障碍的常用方法。为研究2种方法对土壤细菌群落和土壤酶活性的影响，采用高通量测序技术和化学分析方法对强还原土壤灭菌加氯化苦熏蒸（RSD+SF）、强还原土壤灭菌加复合菌（RSD+F）、氯化苦熏蒸加复合菌（SF+F）3种方式改良的土壤细菌群落和土壤酶活性进行分析。结果表明，RSD+F组细菌群落多样性与丰富度均最高，SF+F组均最低，3组拥有相同细菌菌属431个。RSD+SF组中，丰富度最高的细菌为Gemmatimonas，其丰富度为9.17%；RSD+F组中丰富度最高的细菌为norank_f_noranko_Gaiellales，其丰富度为8.72%；RSD+F组中丰富度最高的细菌为Bacillus，其丰富度为9.16%；Bacillus为3种方式改良土壤前10种优势菌群中共有的优势菌群。土壤酶活性与土壤细菌群落结构存在显著性关系，随着生长时间的增加，不同方式改良后的连作人参土壤酶活性均具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。由此可知，3种土壤改良方式均能在不同程度地增加有益细菌属的丰富度并提高土壤酶活性，其中RSD+SF组和RSD+F组的有益细菌属数量及土壤酶活性均高于SF+F组。

关键词: 强还原土壤灭菌, 高通量测序, 土壤细菌群落, 土壤酶活性, 人参

Abstract:

Reductive soil disinfestation （RSD） and soil fumigation （SF） technologies can control soil-borne diseases more effectively and repair degraded soil quickly. In order to research the effects of 2 technologies on soil bacterial community of continuous cropping ginseng， 3 treatments were set up： reductive soil disinfestation plus soil fumigation （RSD+SF）， reductive soil disinfestation plus compound bacteria （RSD+F） and soil fumigation plus compound bacteria （SF+F）. IlluminaMiseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze and determine the soil bacterial community and soil enzyme activities by 3 soil modification methods. The results showed that the highest diversity and richness of bacterial community was found in RSD+F group， and those of the lowest was found in SF+F group， and 3 groups had 431 identical bacterial genera. The highest bacterial richness was Gemmatimonas with abundance of 9.17% in RSD+SF group， norank_f_noranko_Gaiellales had the highest bacterial richness with abundance of 8.72% in RSD+F group， and Bacillus had the highest bacterial richness with abundance of 9.16% in RSD+F group. Bacillus was the common dominant bacterial community of the top 10 dominant flora in the soil by 3 improved methods. Correlation analysis showed that the soil enzyme activity significantly correlated with soil bacterial community structure. With the increase of growth time， the soil enzyme activities of continuous cropping ginseng with different soil modification methods were significantly different （P<0.05）. In conclusion， 3 soil improvement methods could increase the richness of beneficial bacteria genus and improve soil enzyme activity to different degrees， and the number of beneficial bacteria genus and soil enzyme activity in RSD+SF group and RSD+F group were higher than those in SF+F group.

Key words: reductive soil disinfestation, high-throughput sequencing, soil bacterial community diversity, soil enzyme activities, ginseng

中图分类号:

S154

闫宁, 战宇, 苗馨月, 王二刚, 陈长宝, 李琼. 强还原土壤灭菌处理对人参连作土壤细菌群落结构及土壤酶活的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(6): 133-144.

Ning YAN, Yu ZHAN, Xinyue MIAO, Ergang WANG, Changbao CHEN, Qiong LI. Effects of Reductive Soil Disinfestation on Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Soil Enzyme Activity in Continuous Cropping of Ginseng[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(6): 133-144.

图/表 11

图1 样品稀释曲线

Fig 1 Sample dilution curve

表1 土壤细菌多样性指数

Table 1 Diversity index of soil bacteria

处理组别 Treatment group	指数Index
处理组别 Treatment group	Ace	Chao	Shannon	Simpson
RSD+SF	643.59 b	643.85 b	4.57 b	0.024 b
RSD+F	719.21 a	743.30 a	4.79 a	0.010 c
SF+F	555.29 c	564.38 c	4.40 c	0.027 a

图2 土壤细菌属水平Venn图

Fig. 2 Venn map of soil bacterial community

图3 土壤细菌门水平群落丰度

Fig. 3 Soil bacterial phylum horizontal community abundance

图4 土壤细菌属水平群落丰度

Fig. 4 Horizontal community abundance of soil bacterial genera

图5 不同方式改良处理人参土壤不同月份的漆酶活性注：同一月份不同小写字母表示P<0.05显著差异。

Fig. 5 Laccase activity in different months of Ginseng soil improved by different methodsNote：Different lowercase letters in the same month indicate significant differences of P<0.05.

图6 不同方式改良后人参土壤不同月份的过氧化氢酶活性注：同一月份不同小写字母表示P<0.05显著差异。

Fig. 6 Catalase activity in different months of Ginseng soil improved by different methodsNote：Different lowercase letters in the same month indicate significant differences of P<0.05.

图7 不同方式改良后的人参土壤不同月份的酸性磷酸酶活性注：同一月份不同小写字母表示P<0.05显著差异。

Fig. 7 Acid phosphatase activity in different months of Ginseng soil improved by different methodsNote：Different lowercase letters in the same month indicate significant differences of P<0.05.

图8 不同方式改良后的人参土壤不同月份的蔗糖酶活性注：同一月份不同小写字母表示P<0.05显著差异。

Fig. 8 Sucrase activity in different months of Ginseng soil improved by different methodsNote：Different lowercase letters in the same month indicate significant differences of P<0.05.

图9 不同方式改良后的人参土壤在不同月份的脲酶活性比较注：同一月份不同小写字母表示P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 9 Urease activity in different months of Ginseng soil improved by different methodsNote：Different lowercase letters in the same month indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.

图10 土壤细菌群落与土壤酶活性相关性注：*和**分别表示P<0.05和P<0.01水平显著相关。

Fig. 10 Correlation between soil bacterial community and soil enzyme activityNote：* and ** indicate significant difference at P <0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respertively.

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