不同水氮耦合对蛋白桑生理指标及产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0096

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 240-249.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0096

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

不同水氮耦合对蛋白桑生理指标及产量的影响

陈士超¹(), 王举¹, 郭富强¹(), 郝瑞², 石建平³

^1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院，呼和浩特 010018
^2.鄂尔多斯市乌兰煤炭（集团）有限责任公司，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017200
^3.赤峰市喀喇沁旗锦山镇人民政府农科站，内蒙古赤峰 024400

收稿日期:2024-02-03 接受日期:2024-04-17 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-23
通讯作者: 郭富强
作者简介:陈士超 E-mail： chenshichao2005@126.com；
基金资助:
鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项(2022EEDSKJZDZX012);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2023LHMS03056);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(BR230136);内蒙古农业大学高层次人才引进科研启动项目(NDYB2020-19)

Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Physiological Indexes and Yield of Protein Mulberry

Shichao CHEN¹(), Ju WANG¹, Fuqiang GUO¹(), Rui HAO², Jianping SHI³

^1.College of Desert Control，Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，Hohhot 010018，China
^2.Ordos Ulan Coal （Group） Co. ，Ltd. ，Inner Mongolia Ordos 017200，China
^3.Chifeng Harqin Banner Jinshan Town People ’s Government Agricultural Station，Inner Mongolia Chifeng 024400，China

Received:2024-02-03 Accepted:2024-04-17 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-23
Contact: Fuqiang GUO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决目前干旱半干旱地区蛋白桑生长缓慢、产量及水肥利用效率低等问题，开展蛋白桑水氮耦合试验，分析蛋白桑株高、基径、地上生物量和蛋白质含量等指标对不同水氮处理的响应特征；同时，以产量、水分利用效率及氮肥偏生产力为最优目标，采用回归分析法分析不同水氮耦合处理对蛋白桑产量及水、肥利用效率的影响，并提出促生水氮调控模式。结果表明，水氮耦合对20—40 cm土层土壤含水率影响显著；施氮量和灌水量的交互作用对蛋白桑的株高和基径影响显著，对地上生物量和叶片蛋白质含量影响极显著。回归分析表明，施氮量为67.24~82.06 kg·hm^-2、灌水量为164.30~200.59 mm时，蛋白桑的产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力最优。以上研究成果为干旱半干旱地区蛋白桑高效种植及水肥科学管理提供了理论支撑，对提升蛋白桑生物产量及经济效益具有重要意义。

关键词: 水氮耦合, 产量, 水肥利用效率, 空间分析, 蛋白桑

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems of slow growth， low yield and low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of protein mulberry in arid and semi-arid areas， the plant height， basal diameter， aboveground biomass and protein content of protein mulberry to different water and nitrogen treatments were analyzed by carrying out water and nitrogen coupling test of protein mulberry. At the same time， taking yield， water use efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer as the optimal objectives， the effects of different water and nitrogen coupling treatments on the yield， water and fertilizer use efficiency of protein mulberry were analyzed by regression analysis， and the regulation mode of promoting water and nitrogen was put forward. The results showed that the coupling of water and nitrogen had significant effect on soil moisture content in 20 to 40 cm soil layer. The interaction between nitrogen application rate and irrigation amount had significant effects on plant height and basal diameter of protein mulberry， and had extremely significant effects on aboveground biomass and leaf protein content. Regression analysis showed that the yield， water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of protein mulberry were the best when the nitrogen application rate was 67.24~82.06 kg·hm^-2 and the irrigation amount was 164.30~200.59 mm. Above results could provide theoretical support for the efficient planting of protein mulberry and the scientific management of water and fertilizer in arid and semi-arid areas， which was of great significance for improving the biological yield and benefit of protein mulberry.

Key words: water-nitrogen coupling, yield, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, spatial analysis, Morus albuminosa

中图分类号:

S816.4

陈士超, 王举, 郭富强, 郝瑞, 石建平. 不同水氮耦合对蛋白桑生理指标及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(6): 240-249.

Shichao CHEN, Ju WANG, Fuqiang GUO, Rui HAO, Jianping SHI. Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Physiological Indexes and Yield of Protein Mulberry[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(6): 240-249.

图/表 9

图1 2023年蛋白桑生育期的气温和降水量

Fig. 1 Daily temperature and precipitation during the growth period of protein mulberry in 2023

表1 研究区土壤理化性质

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of soil in study area

土层深度

Soil layer/cm

碱解氮

Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen/ （mg·kg^-1）

速效钾

Available potassium/ （mg·kg^-1）

速效磷

Available phosphorus/ （mg·kg^-1）

有机碳

Organic carbon/%

容重

Volume weight/ （g·cm^-3）

含水率

Water content/%

表2 施氮量和灌水量对土壤含水率的方差分析

Table 2 Variance analysis of nitrogen application and irrigation on soil moisture content

因子Factor	土层深度Soil layer/cm
因子Factor	0—10	10—20	20—30	30—40	40—50	50—60
N	0.800^ns	46.312^*	21.250^*	10.684^*	31.419^*	0.356^ns
W	0.928^ns	37.661^*	15.785^*	13.512^*	30.081^*	0.558^ns
N×W	0.086^ns	1.642^ns	55.591^**	55.263^**	2.129^ns	0.021^ns

图2 不同处理下各土层的土壤含水率注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Soil moisture content of each soil layer under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同处理下蛋白桑的光合指标注：不同小写字母表示同一时期不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Photosynthetic index of protein mulberry under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments of same stage at P<0.05 level.

表3 不同水氮组合下蛋白桑各指标F值检验

Table 3 F value test of each index of protein mulberry under different water and nitrogen combinations

因子Factor	指标Index
因子Factor		株高 Plant height	基径 Basal diameter	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass	蛋白质含量 Protein content
N	185.695^*		1.504^ns	488.966^**	561.440^**
W	1.436^*		4.217^*	332.951^**	360.909^**
N×W	2.103^*		0.177^ns	57.041^**	47.049^**

图4 不同处理下蛋白桑的株高、基径、生物量、蛋白质含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Plant height， basal diameter， biomass and protein content of protein mulberry under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表4 不同水氮组合下蛋白桑产量及水肥利用效率

Table 4 Protein mulberry yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency under different water and nitrogen combinations

处理 Treatment		产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）	水分利用效率 WUE/（kg·m^-3）	氮肥偏生产力 NPFP/（kg·kg^-1）
CK		16 176±7.54 i	15.01±0.27 i	—
N1	W1	19 428±4.39 g	23.78±1.25 e	2 158.89±9.55 b
	W2	21 072±3.24 f	25.12±0.12 c	2 341.11±7.15 a
	W3	17 132±2.86 hi	19.90±1.79 f	1 903.33±6.33 e
N2	W1	22 156±4.68 f	25.01±0.55 c	1 477.33±6.18 de
	W2	31 064±5.17 b	27.51±0.58 a	2 070.67±6.85 b
	W3	28 170±4.20 c	18.12±0.13 g	1 878.00±5.59 c
N3	W1	23 984±4.43 e	26.43±0.29 b	1 140.95±4.19 f
	W2	32 670±1.05 a	28.01±0.39 a	1 555.71±10.03 d
	W3	29 102±4.91 c	23.30±1.20 e	1 385.71±4.68 e
N4	W1	21 316±8.83 f	24.38±0.86 d	789.63±6.52 h
	W2	26 128±7.94 d	25.97±0.38 b	967.78±5.86 g
	W3	18 130±3.32 gh	16.22±0.34 h	671.48±2.46 i
F值 F value	N	488.966^**	16 999.975^**	2 962.603^**
	W	332.951^**	2 299.230^*	392.776^**
	N×W	57.041^**	652.408^**	74.209^**

图5 蛋白桑各指标的回归分析及空间分析A~C：回归分析；D：空间分析

Fig. 5 Regression analysis and spatial analysis of each index of protein mulberryA~C： Regression analysis； D： Spatial analysis

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不同水氮耦合对蛋白桑生理指标及产量的影响

Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Physiological Indexes and Yield of Protein Mulberry

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