纳米银和纳米氧化铁对甜瓜白粉病防治研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0857

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同浓度纳米银和纳米氧化铁溶液对甜瓜抗白粉病的影响及其作用机理，于4叶1心期对甜瓜植株喷施纳米银（T1处理）、纳米氧化铁（T2处理）溶液及清水（CK），对薄皮甜瓜幼苗叶片病情指数及过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化氢酶（hydrogen peroxidase，CAT）活性和丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量进行测定。结果表明，与对照相比，喷施纳米银和纳米氧化铁可显著提高薄皮甜瓜抗白粉病的能力，显著降低叶片病情指数，其中，T1-4和T2-4处理（10.00 μmol·mL^-1）病情指数比对照分别减少32.52%和34.96%。T1和T2处理均提高了叶片中POD和SOD活性，在病原菌接种后不同处理时间，T1和T2处理中POD活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势，最高值均出现在接种后72 h，其中，接种72 h后T1-3处理（5.00 μmol·mL^-1）POD活性较对照高56.6%，T2-4处理（10.00 μmol·mL^-1）比对照高61.1%。T1处理中SOD活性先升高，在72 h达到峰值后降低，T1-3处理（5.00 μmol·mL^-1）接种72 h后出现最大值，为376.0 U·g^-1 FW；T2处理中SOD活性呈现逐渐升高的特点，T2-4处理（10.00 μmol·mL^-1）接种96 h后较对照高85.6%。与对照相比，T1和T2处理叶片CAT活性呈现不一致的变化趋势。与对照相比，T1处理MDA含量较低，整体呈现先升高后降低的趋势，T1-3处理（5.00 μmol·mL^-1）48 h MDA含量较对照降低15.8%；T2处理中MDA含量除处理72 h低于对照组，其余均显著高于对照组，T2-1（1.25 μmol·mL^-1）处理24 h后MDA含量较对照组升高41.5%。综上所述，纳米银和纳米氧化铁处理对甜瓜白粉病具有一定的防治效果，研究结果为纳米银和纳米氧化铁对甜瓜白粉病防治提供了理论依据。

关键词: 纳米银, 纳米氧化铁, 甜瓜, 白粉病菌

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects and mechanisms of different concentrations of Nano-silver and Nano-iron oxide solutions on powdery mildew resistance in melon， the melon seedlings were sprayed with Nano-silver （T1）， Nano-iron oxide （T2） solutions and water （CK） in four leaves and one heart stage， and the disease index， activities of peroxidase （POD）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT） and content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in leaves were determined. The results showed that the spraying of Nano-silver and Nano-iron oxide significantly improved the resistance of thin-skinned melon to powdery mildew compared with the control， and significantly reduced the leaves condition index with the T1-4 and T2-4 treatments （10.00 μmol·mL^-1） decreasing 32.52% and 34.96%， respectively. Both T1 and T2 treatments increased POD and SOD activities in leaves， and POD activities in T1 and T2 treatments showed an increase followed by a decrease at different treatment times after inoculation， with the highest values occurring at 72 h after inoculation， and after 72 h of inoculation T1-3 treatment （5.00 μmol·mL^-1） was 56.6% higher and T2-4 treatment （10.00 μmol·mL^-1） was 61.1% higher than the control. The SOD activity in T1 treatment increased first， peaked at 72 h and then decreased， with a maximum value of 376.0 U·g^-1 FW at 72 h after inoculation in the T1-3 treatment （5.00 μmol·mL^-1） and a gradual increase in SOD activity in the T2 treatment， which was 85.6% higher than the control after 96 h of inoculation in the T2-4 treatment （10.00 μmol·mL^-1）. Compared with the control， the CAT activity of T1 and T2 treated leaves showed inconsistent trends. The MDA content of T1 treatment was lower than that of the control， showing an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing， and the 48 h MDA content of T1-3 treatment （5.00 μmol·mL^-1） was 15.8% lower than that of the control. The MDA content in the T2 treatment was significantly higher than the control group except for the treatment at 72 h， which gradually increased before 48 h and then decreased， and the MDA content increased by 41.5% after 24 h in the T2-1 treatment（1.25 μmol·mL^-1） compared with the control group. In conclusion， Nano-silver and Nano-iron oxide treatments were effective against melon powdery mildew， which provided a theoretical basis for the control of melon powdery mildew by Nano-silver and Nano-iron oxide.

Key words: Nano-silver, Nano-iron oxide, melon, Sphaerotheca fuliginea

中图分类号:

S652

董玉昕, 郑植, 王文康, 王志恒, 陈晓峰. 纳米银和纳米氧化铁对甜瓜白粉病防治研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(11): 137-147.

Yuxin DONG, Zhi ZHENG, Wenkang WANG, Zhiheng WANG, Xiaofeng CHEN. Effect Trials of Nano-silver and Nano-iron Oxide Against Melon Powdery Mildew[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(11): 137-147.

图/表 6

表 1 室内苗期抗病性鉴定病情分级标准

Table 1 Grading criteria for identifying disease resistance of seedlings indoors

级别Level	症状Symptom
0	整株无病症 No disease in the whole plant
1	有少量叶片上出现白粉状病斑，病斑面积占叶面积的5%以下 There are a few leaves with white powdery spots on them， and the spots cover less than 5% of the leaf area
3	叶片上有少量病斑，占叶面积的6%~25% There are a few spots on the leaves， accounting for 6% to 25% of the leaf area
5	叶片上产生中等数量的白粉状病斑，占叶面积的26%～50% There are moderate number of whitish powdery spots on the leaves， accounting for 26% to 50% of the leaf area
7	叶片上的白粉病病斑数量较多，占总面积的51%~75% There are more powdery mildew spots on the leaves， accounting for 51% to 75% of the leaf area
9	叶片上白粉病病斑数量很多且粉层较厚，占叶面积的76%~100% The leaves have many powdery mildew spots and a thick layer of powder， accounting for 76% to 100% of the leaf area

表2 纳米银和纳米氧化铁处理后的甜瓜叶片白粉病病情指数

Table 2 Disease index of powdery mildew on melon leaves treated with Nano-silver and Nano-iron oxide

	处理Treatment	病情指数Disease index
T1	CK	5.32 a
	T1-1	4.83 b
	T1-2	4.29 c
	T1-3	3.65 d
	T1-4	3.59 d
T2	CK	5.32 a
	T2-1	5.03 a
	T2-2	4.41 b
	T2-3	3.88 c
	T2-4	3.46 d

图 1 不同处理下甜瓜叶片的POD活性注：不同小写字母表示同一时间不同浓度处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 1 POD activity of melon leaves under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters in same time indicate significant differences between different concentration treatments at P<0.05 level.

图 2 不同处理下甜瓜叶片SOD活性的变化注：不同小写字母表示同一时间不同浓度处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 2 SOD activity of melon leaves under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters in same time indicate significant differences between different concentration treatments at P<0.05level.

图 3 不同处理下甜瓜叶片CAT活性注：不同小写字母表示同一时间不同浓度处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 3 CAT activity of melon leaves under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters in same time indicate significant differences between different concentration treatments at P<0.05 level.

图 4 不同处理下甜瓜叶片MDA含量注：不同小写字母表示同一时间不同浓度处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 4 MDA content of melon leaves under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters in same time indicate significant differences between different concentration treatments at P<0.05level.

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