贝莱斯芽孢杆菌菌剂对花生白绢病的田间防效及作用机理研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0122

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）菌剂对花生白绢病的田间防治效果，以花生品种“鲁花14”为试验材料，通过拌土和喷洒方式接种微生物菌剂，研究了微生物菌剂对花生生长指标、病情指数和产量的影响，并初步探究其生防机制。结果表明，使用贝莱斯芽孢杆菌菌剂可降低花生白绢病的病情指数，增加结果数和百仁重，提高花生产量；以拌土处理效果最佳。微生物菌剂一定程度上可提高土壤真菌群落的多样性，但对土壤细菌群落多样性影响较小；对花生根中的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性无显著影响。研究结果为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌菌剂在花生白绢病病害防治方面的应用研究提供了理论基础，为其生物农药的开发提供了思路。

关键词: 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌, 花生, 白绢病, 田间试验, 产量

Abstract:

In order to investigate the control effect of Bacillus velezensis agents on peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii， the peanut “Luhua 14” was used as material to preliminarily research the effect of microbial agents on growth index， disease index and yield of peanuts， and its biocontrol mechanism by inoculating microbial agents with soil mixing and spraying. The results showed that adding microbial agents could significantly reduce the peanut disease index caused by S. rolfsii， improve pods and 100-kernel weight， and increase peanut yield. The inoculating microbial agents by soil mixing had best effect. Microbial agents could increase the diversity of soil fungi community to a certain extent， but had little effect on soil bacterial community， and showed no significant effect on activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase， polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in peanut roots. The results provided a basis for B. velezensis agents in the biocontrol of peanut stem rot caused by S. rolfsii， and provided ideas for the development of its biological pesticides.

Key words: Bacillus velezensis, peanut, Sclerotium rolfsii, field trial, yield

中图分类号:

S565.2

潘梦诗, 郭文阳, 周留柱, 邓丽, 苗建利, 徐宏光, 张宗源, 亓兰达. 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌菌剂对花生白绢病的田间防效及作用机理研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(11): 130-136.

Mengshi PAN, Wenyang GUO, Liuzhu ZHOU, Li DENG, Jianli MIAO, Hongguang XU, Zongyuan ZHANG, Landa QI. Evaluation of Efficacy in Field and Mechanism of Bacillus velezensis Agents for Controling Peanut Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(11): 130-136.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	鲜重 Fresh weight/g	单株结果数 Pods per plant	百仁重 100-kernel weight/g
CK	50.79±2.91 a	34.00±6.55 a	10.46±0.09 a	66.25±4.79 a
YX	49.06±3.25 a	36.45±2.05 a	12.16±3.16 a	69.35±4.57 a
BT	49.31±1.21 a	37.29±5.25 a	12.91±1.01 a	67.55±0.63 a
PS	47.41±2.09 a	48.59±7.79 a	11.74±1.54 a	69.41±1.81 a

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	鲜重 Fresh weight/g	单株结果数 Pods per plant	百仁重 100-kernel weight/g
CK	50.79±2.91 a	34.00±6.55 a	10.46±0.09 a	66.25±4.79 a
YX	49.06±3.25 a	36.45±2.05 a	12.16±3.16 a	69.35±4.57 a
BT	49.31±1.21 a	37.29±5.25 a	12.91±1.01 a	67.55±0.63 a
PS	47.41±2.09 a	48.59±7.79 a	11.74±1.54 a	69.41±1.81 a

处理 Treatment	病情指数 Disease index/%	防效 Prevention/%	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）	增产率 Yield increase rate/%
CK	4.13±0.23 a	—	3 199.89±136.02 a	—
YX	3.06±0.21 b	25.92	4 053.05±1 221.45 a	26.66
BT	3.35±0.92 ab	18.82	4 032.69±343.11 a	26.03
PS	3.53±0.14 ab	14.63	3 773.46±562.90 a	17.93

处理 Treatment	病情指数 Disease index/%	防效 Prevention/%	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）	增产率 Yield increase rate/%
CK	4.13±0.23 a	—	3 199.89±136.02 a	—
YX	3.06±0.21 b	25.92	4 053.05±1 221.45 a	26.66
BT	3.35±0.92 ab	18.82	4 032.69±343.11 a	26.03
PS	3.53±0.14 ab	14.63	3 773.46±562.90 a	17.93

处理 Treatment	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Ace指数 Ace index	Chao 1指数 Chao 1 index
CK	3.73±0.17 b	0.086±0.019 a	693.30±47.68 a	697.52±40.43 a
YX	4.00±0.16 ab	0.058±0.015 ab	728.26±29.32 a	730.22±5.95 a
BT	4.21±0.02 a	0.041±0.001 b	738.45±65.64 a	735.34±67.45 a
PS	3.94±0.37 ab	0.058±0.029 ab	714.04±20.39 a	718.37±43.73 a