复合肥料对茶叶产量、品质及茶园土壤肥力的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0304

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 206-217.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0304

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

复合肥料对茶叶产量、品质及茶园土壤肥力的影响

赵晨光¹^,²(), 牛司耘², 陈勋³, 方丽¹, 李海涛¹, 王佩星⁴, 沈镔镔⁴, 石元值¹()

^1.中国农业科学院茶叶研究所，杭州 310008
^2.通化师范学院，吉林通化 134000
^3.湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所，武汉 430064
^4.浙江省嵊州市崇仁镇农业技术综合服务站，浙江绍兴 312000

收稿日期:2021-04-12 接受日期:2021-07-26 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2022-06-21
通讯作者: 石元值
作者简介:赵晨光 E-mail：297071141@qq.com；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200900);财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-19)

Effects of Compound Fertilizer on Tea Yield， Quality and Fertility of Tea Garden Soil

Chenguang ZHAO¹^,²(), Siyun NIU², Xun CHEN³, Li FANG¹, Haitao LI¹, Peixing WANG⁴, Binbin SHEN⁴, Yuanzhi SHI¹()

^1.Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
^2.Tonghua Normal University, Jilin Tonghua 134000, China
^3.Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Aagricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
^4.Agricultural Technology Comprehensive Service Station of Chongren Town, Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Shaoxing 312000, China

Received:2021-04-12 Accepted:2021-07-26 Online:2022-06-15 Published:2022-06-21
Contact: Yuanzhi SHI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为分析不同肥料处理对茶树生长及茶园土壤肥力的影响，以龙井43茶树为供试品种，根据施肥方式不同设置T1（不施肥处理）、T2（控释肥处理）、T3（碳基肥处理）、T4（脲甲醛处理）、T5（茶树专用肥处理）、T6（习惯施肥处理）共6个处理。分析不同施肥处理的茶叶产量、茶叶养分元素含量、茶园土壤肥力和经济效益。结果表明，施用复合肥均可提高茶叶产量及茶梢百芽重。与不施肥处理相比，施用复合肥可明显提高茶叶产量，其中以茶树专用肥处理增产效果最稳定。增加复合肥可以促进茶芽更早萌发，与不施肥相比可提早1周开采，但不同复合肥处理间差异不显著。施用复合肥可明显提高茶叶中N含量，但不同复合肥处理C含量差异不显著。施用复合肥均显著提高了茶园土壤速效养分含量，其中碳基肥复合肥在阻止肥料淋溶损失方面表现较好，其次是茶树专用肥与尿甲醛复合肥，均可提高肥料利用率，减少环境污染。施用复合肥料均可提升茶叶的产量与品质，其中以茶树专用肥效果最佳，且经济效益及养分利用效率均最高；复合肥的过量施用易导致养分淋溶损失。通过分析不同肥料对茶树生长及茶园土壤肥力的影响，旨在为茶园肥料选择提供理论依据，以期提高茶园经济效益。

关键词: 复合肥, 茶叶产量, 茶叶品质, 茶园土壤, 经济效益

Abstract:

In order to analyze the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the growth of tea plant and the fertility of tea garden soil， the Longjing 43 tea tree was used as the test variety， and 6 treatments were set according to different fertilizer methods including T1 （no fertilizer treatment）， T2 （controlled-release fertilizer treatment）， T3（carbon-based fertilizer treatment）， T4（urea-formaldehyde treatment）， T5（special fertilizer of tea tree treatment） and T6（habit fertilizer treatment）. The tea yield， tea nutrient element content， tea garden soil fertility and economic benefit of different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the application of compound fertilizer could increase the yield of tea and the 100-bud weight of tea shoots. Compared with no fertilizer application， compound fertilizer application significantly increased the tea yieald tea， among which the effect of special fertilizer treatment was the most stable. Increasing the compound fertilizer could promote the germination of tea buds earlier， and it could be mined 1 week earlier than that without compound fertilizer， but there was no significant difference among the treatments. The application of compound fertilizer could increase the content of N in tea， at most 15% compared with no fertilizer application， but there was no significant difference the content of C among different compound fertilizer treatments. The application of compound fertilizer could significantly increase the content of available nutrient in tea garden soil， and the carbon-based compound fertilizer was better in preventing the leaching loss of fertilizer， followed by special fertilizer of tea tree and urea-formaldehyde compound fertilizer， all of which could improve the fertilizer utilization ratio， reduce environmental pollution. The application of compound fertilizer could improve the quality of tea， especially the special fertilizer of tea tree， which the economic benefit and nutrient use efficiency were the highest. By analyzing the effects of different fertilizers on the growth of tea tree and the soil fertility of tea garden， this study aimed to provide theoretical basis for the choice of fertilizers in tea garden in this area， which was expected to improve the economic benefit of tea garden.

Key words: compound fertilizer, tea yield, tea quality, tea garden soil, economic benefit

中图分类号:

S571.1

赵晨光, 牛司耘, 陈勋, 方丽, 李海涛, 王佩星, 沈镔镔, 石元值. 复合肥料对茶叶产量、品质及茶园土壤肥力的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(6): 206-217.

Chenguang ZHAO, Siyun NIU, Xun CHEN, Li FANG, Haitao LI, Peixing WANG, Binbin SHEN, Yuanzhi SHI. Effects of Compound Fertilizer on Tea Yield， Quality and Fertility of Tea Garden Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(6): 206-217.

图/表 11

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土层深度 Soil depth/cm	pH	全氮 Total N/（g·kg^-1）	有机质 Organic matter/%	v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s /（mg·kg^-1）有效磷 A	v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m / （mg·kg^-1）速效钾 A
0—10	3.66	2.72	2.35	29.90	63.05
10—20	3.70	1.44	1.10	21.41	55.70
20—30	3.68	0.66	0.70	3.58	41.10
30—40	3.72	0.30	0.40	2.71	35.00
40—90	3.82	0.45	0.55	0.82	24.70

土层深度 Soil depth/cm	pH	全氮 Total N/（g·kg^-1）	有机质 Organic matter/%	v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s /（mg·kg^-1）有效磷 A	v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m / （mg·kg^-1）速效钾 A
0—10	3.66	2.72	2.35	29.90	63.05
10—20	3.70	1.44	1.10	21.41	55.70
20—30	3.68	0.66	0.70	3.58	41.10
30—40	3.72	0.30	0.40	2.71	35.00
40—90	3.82	0.45	0.55	0.82	24.70

编号 Code	处理 Treatment	生产厂家 Manufacturer	肥料养分比例（N∶P₂O₅∶K₂0） Fertilizer nutrient ratio （N∶P₂O₅∶K₂0）	施氮量 N application rate /（kg·hm^-2）
T1	不施肥（CK） No fertilization（CK）	—	—	—
T2	控释复合肥 Controlled-release fertilizer	山东多益成肥料科技有限公司 Shandong Doing-well Fertilizer Technology Co. Ltd.	30∶5∶6	450
T3	碳基复合肥 Carbon-based compound fertilizer	山东戴威肥业有限公司 Shandong Daiwei Fertilizer Industry Co. Ltd.	13.5∶13.5∶13.5	450
T4	脲甲醛复合肥 Urea and formaldehyde compound fertilizer	武汉绿茵化工有限公司 Wuhan Lvyin Chemical Co. Ltd.	30∶5∶6	450
T5	茶树专用肥 Specialty fertilizer of tea tree	浙江巨隆化肥有限公司 Zhejiang Julong Fertilizer Co. Ltd.	22.0∶8.0∶12.2	450
T6	习惯施肥处理 Custom fertilizer	山东三方化工集团有限公司 Shandong Sanfang Chemical Group Co. Ltd.	17∶17∶17	700

编号 Code	处理 Treatment	生产厂家 Manufacturer	肥料养分比例（N∶P₂O₅∶K₂0） Fertilizer nutrient ratio （N∶P₂O₅∶K₂0）	施氮量 N application rate /（kg·hm^-2）
T1	不施肥（CK） No fertilization（CK）	—	—	—
T2	控释复合肥 Controlled-release fertilizer	山东多益成肥料科技有限公司 Shandong Doing-well Fertilizer Technology Co. Ltd.	30∶5∶6	450
T3	碳基复合肥 Carbon-based compound fertilizer	山东戴威肥业有限公司 Shandong Daiwei Fertilizer Industry Co. Ltd.	13.5∶13.5∶13.5	450
T4	脲甲醛复合肥 Urea and formaldehyde compound fertilizer	武汉绿茵化工有限公司 Wuhan Lvyin Chemical Co. Ltd.	30∶5∶6	450
T5	茶树专用肥 Specialty fertilizer of tea tree	浙江巨隆化肥有限公司 Zhejiang Julong Fertilizer Co. Ltd.	22.0∶8.0∶12.2	450
T6	习惯施肥处理 Custom fertilizer	山东三方化工集团有限公司 Shandong Sanfang Chemical Group Co. Ltd.	17∶17∶17	700

处理 Treatment	2019			2020
处理 Treatment	氨基酸含量 Amino acid content/%	茶多酚含量 Polyphenols content/%	酚氨比 Phenol ammonia ratio	氨基酸含量 Amino acid content/%	茶多酚含量Polyphenols content/%	酚氨比 Phenol ammonia ratio
T1	3.55±0.63 a	21.26±4.14 ab	5.99 a	3.24±0.24 c	20.97±1.49 ab	6.46 a
T2	3.90±0.49 a	19.16±1.98 b	4.91 b	4.01±0.49 b	21.65±1.19 a	5.41 b
T3	3.81±0.59 a	19.01±2.35 b	4.99 b	4.59±0.38 ab	20.14±1.26 ab	4.38 c
T4	3.57±0.26 a	17.63±1.81 bc	4.94 b	3.98±0.21 b	21.19±2.03 ab	5.31 b
T5	3.54±0.38 a	16.83±3.07 c	4.75 c	4.25±0.27 b	19.76±0.91 b	4.65 c
T6	3.57±0.34 a	21.88±2.44 a	6.13 a	5.01±0.52 a	23.25±0.70 a	4.64 c

复合肥料对茶叶产量、品质及茶园土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Compound Fertilizer on Tea Yield， Quality and Fertility of Tea Garden Soil

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Metrics

年份Year	处理Ttreatment	N/%		C/%		P/（g·kg^-1）		K/（g·kg^-1）
年份Year	处理Ttreatment	春茶 Spring tea	夏秋茶Summer and autumn tea	春茶 Spring tea	夏秋茶Summer and autumn tea	春茶 Spring tea	夏秋茶Summer and autumn tea	春茶 Spring tea	夏秋茶Summer and autumn tea
2019	T1	4.87±0.14 b	2.91±0.07 b	45.45±0.34 a	46.59±0.26 a	4.72±0.13 a	2.91±0.33 b	18.36±0.49 a	18.77±3.21 b
	T2	5.14±0.08 a	2.96±0.09 ab	45.27±0.18 a	46.64±0.11 a	4.68±0.09 a	2.91±0.39 b	17.48±0.45 a	18.41±2.54 b
	T3	5.19±0.11 a	3.13±0.08 a	44.88±0.21 a	46.63±0.15 a	4.78±0.05 a	2.94±0.25 b	19.95±0.45 a	18.90±1.73 b
	T4	4.95±0.07 ab	3.07±0.09 ab	45.30±0.25 a	46.58±0.23 a	4.73±0.10 a	3.18±0.30 ab	18.27±0.47 a	19.65±1.28 b
	T5	5.05±0.13 ab	3.20±0.17 a	45.28±0.26 a	46.48±0.07 a	4.68±0.12 a	3.32±0.22 a	18.34±0.39 a	18.35±0.92 b
	T6	5.25±0.10 a	3.19±0.11 a	44.71±0.28 a	46.55±0.17 a	4.68±0.07 a	3.33±0.48 a	19.14±0.25 a	20.59±1.24 a
2020	T1	4.16±0.80 a	2.62±0.22 a	55.61±6.61 a	46.61±0.10 a	5.96±0.37 b	2.88±0.10 b	20.34±0.98 a	15.32±0.76 a
	T2	4.18±0.31 a	2.93±0.05 a	54.73±5.22 a	46.87±0.27 a	6.27±0.34 ab	2.96±0.18 b	20.54±0.38 a	15.96±1.40 a
	T3	4.82±0.45 a	3.01±0.09 a	55.57±5.15 a	46.78±0.26 a	6.28±0.82 ab	2.96±0.10 b	21.37±1.68 a	16.40±0.80 a
	T4	4.17±0.59 a	2.95±0.18 a	53.42±7.27 a	46.85±0.11 a	6.02±0.77 ab	2.93±0.13 b	20.29±1.52 a	14.73±1.70 a
	T5	4.18±1.38 a	3.18±0.14 a	54.74±5.22 a	47.00±0.26 a	6.27±0.34 ab	2.82±0.30 b	20.54±0.38 a	15.77±1.47 a
	T6	4.36±0.57 a	3.07±0.09 a	55.93±8.30 a	46.84±0.61 a	6.68±0.63 a	3.20±0.23 a	21.51±1.57 a	15.90±1.20 a

处理 Treat- ment	手采春茶产量 Yield of hand picked spring tea/（kg·hm^-2）	机采春茶产量 Yield of mechanical picked spring tea/ （kg·hm^-2）	机采夏秋茶产量 Yield of mechanical picked summer and autumn tea/（kg·hm^-2）	茶园年收入 Annual income of tea plantation/ （10⁴yuan·hm^-2）	肥料用量 fertilizer amount/ （kg·hm^-2）	肥料单价 Fertilizer price/ （yuan·kg^-1）	肥料成本 The cost of fertilizer/（10⁴ yuan·hm^-2）	人工费用 Labor cost/（10⁴yuan·hm^-2）	利润 Profit/（10⁴yuan·hm^-2）
T1	2 189.58	6 184.30	8 030.17	17.22	—	—	—	9.56	7.66
T2	3 200.42	6 785.43	9 951.15	23.91	1 500.00	4.00	0.60	14.20	9.11
T3	3 501.67	6 739.73	9 783.76	25.66	3 333.30	5.00	1.67	16.47	7.53
T4	3 560.83	7 199.47	9 792.20	26.20	1 500.00	4.00	0.60	15.64	9.96
T5	3 572.92	7 625.95	10 231.51	26.53	2 045.50	3.50	0.72	15.81	10.01
T6	3 456.25	7 409.49	9 445.10	25.59	2 647.10	0.93	9.27	15.55	9.76

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