树干液流监测系统的研制

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0934

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

树干液流速率是判断根系水分吸收和蒸腾作用强弱的关键指标，被普遍应用于树木蒸腾耗水研究，常用的植物液流仪普遍是价格高昂、采样数据类型单一的进口设备，因此亟待研发集多因素于一体的树干液流监测系统。基于树干液流及气象和土壤因子建立树干液流监测系统，其采用基于热扩散技术的TDP液流计监测枝干液流，采用多类型传感器实现气象和土壤因素数据的收集，系统平台采用PHP+HTML+MySQL作为开发语言和设计工具。与对照植物液流仪对比，二者电压差、液流速率相关系数分别为0.834 3、0.876 5。选取环境因子对全天、日间、黑夜时段的白玉兰液流速率进行相关性分析，发现不同时段环境因子对液流速率的影响程度不同。此外，建立液流速率与环境因子的多元线性回归模型，其中全天时段的回归模型拟合程度较好，R²为0.674。该系统具有性价比高、监测指标多、各指标数据可视化等特点，可用于研究林木液流速率和环境因子的时空变化规律。

关键词: 树干液流, 热扩散液流探针, 环境因子, 白玉兰

Abstract:

Trunk sap flow rate is a key indicator for judging the strength of root water absorption and transpiration， and is widely used in the study of tree transpiration water consumption. At present， the plant sap flow meters are generally imported equipment with high prices and a single type of sampling data. Therefore， it is urgent to develop a domestic tree trunk sap flow monitoring system that integrates multiple factors. This paper established a trunk sap flow monitoring system based on tree trunk sap flow and meteorological and soil factors. The TDP sap flow meter based on thermal diffusion technology was used to monitor the branch and trunk sap flow， and the meteorological and soil factor data were collected using multiple types of sensors.The system platform adopt PHP+HTML+MySQL as development language and design tool. Compared with the CK plant sap flow meter， the correlation coefficients of the voltage difference and sap flow rate were 0.834 3 and 0.876 5， respectively. Correlation analysis was carried out on the magnolia sap flow rate during the whole day， daytime and night time by selected environmental factors. The results showed that the environmental factors had different influences on the sap flow rate in different time periods. In addition， a multiple linear regression model of liquid flow rate and environmental factors was established， and the regression model of the whole day time period was well fitted with an R² of 0.674. Compared with foreign equipment， the system had the characteristics of high cost performance， many monitoring indicators， and data visualization of each indicator， So it could be used to study the temporal and spatial variation of tree sap flow rate and environmental factors.

Key words: sap flow, TDP, environmental factors, Magnolia denudata Desr

中图分类号:

S758

张标, 张冬梅, 张浪, 冯仲科, 孙林豪. 树干液流监测系统的研制[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(11): 121-129.

Biao ZHANG, Dongmei ZHANG, Lang ZHANG, Zhongke FENG, Linhao SUN. Development of Trunk Sap Flow Monitoring System[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(11): 121-129.

图/表 9

图1 树干液流监测系统

Fig. 1 Monitoring system of tree sap flow

图2 系统硬件设计

Fig. 2 System hardware design

图3 液流传感器

Fig. 3 Stem flow sensor

图4 电压差、液流密度日动态曲线对比

Fig. 4 Voltage difference， sap flow density day dynamic curve comparison

图5 气象因子日动态曲线

Fig. 5 Daily dynamic curve of meteorological factors

图6 土壤因子日动态曲线

Fig. 6 Daily dynamic curve of soil factors

表1 白玉兰液流速率环境因子相关性分析

Table 1 Correlation analysis table of environmental factors of Magnolia sap flow rate

时段 Time	指标 Factor	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
时段 Time	指标 Factor	Ta	RH	WS	Rs	C0₂	VPD	St	Sh	pH
全天 Whole day	Sf	0.675^**	-0.608^**	0.242^**	0.592^**	-0.539^**	0.647^**	0.152^**	0.202^**	-0.145
日间 Daytime	Sf	0.465^**	-0.430^**	0.159	0.445^**	-0.135	0.439^**	-0.155	0.258^*	-0.122
夜间 Night	Sf	0.012	0.226^*	0.070	0.346^**	-0.160	-0.206	-0.052	0.264^*	0.042

图7 白玉兰液流速率与主要影响因子日动态曲线

Fig. 7 Daily dynamic curve of Magnolia sap flow rate and main influencing factors

表2 3个时段白玉兰液流速率多元线性回归模型

Table 2 Multivariate linear regression model of Magnolia sap flow rate in three periods

时段 Period	回归 Multiple linear regression model	拟合优度R²
全天 Whole day	$F s = 0.394 T a - 0.136 R H + 0.001 R s - 0.002 C O 2 - 3.061 V P D + 4.391$	0.674
日间 Day	$F s = 0.320 T a - 0.142 R H + 0.001 R s - 3.015 V P D + 6.160$	0.556
夜间 Night	$F s = 0.014 R H + 0.009 R s + 0.025 S h - 1.830$	0.349

表2 3个时段白玉兰液流速率多元线性回归模型

Table 2 Multivariate linear regression model of Magnolia sap flow rate in three periods

时段 Period	回归 Multiple linear regression model	拟合优度R²
全天 Whole day	$F s = 0.394 T a - 0.136 R H + 0.001 R s - 0.002 C O 2 - 3.061 V P D + 4.391$	0.674
日间 Day	$F s = 0.320 T a - 0.142 R H + 0.001 R s - 3.015 V P D + 6.160$	0.556
夜间 Night	$F s = 0.014 R H + 0.009 R s + 0.025 S h - 1.830$	0.349

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