微生物菌剂对红树莓生长、果实品质及土壤磷钾的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0310

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究微生物菌剂对红树莓生长及果实品质的提升效果，以3年生红树莓‘海尔特兹’为试验材料，分别于红树莓现蕾期（6月25日）至二次盛果期（T5）、初花期至二次盛果期（T4）、初果期至二次盛果期（T3）、一次盛果期至二次盛果期（T2）、二次盛果期（T1）施用微生物菌剂，以不施用微生物菌剂为对照（CK），探究其对株高、地径、生物量、可溶性固形物、叶片抗氧化酶活性、产投比以及活化土壤磷钾的影响，并通过主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明，施用微生物菌剂可提高红树莓品质、产量及土壤的速效养分，以T5、T4处理效果较好。不同土层速效养分及有机质含量变化趋势大致相同，0—10 cm土层速效养分与有机质含量大于10—20 cm土层。T5处理土壤速效养分含量最高，其pH低于CK，改善了土壤碱性环境。T5处理结果数较CK高76.40%，产量较CK高25.75%；一次盛果期叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性较CK分别高22.49%和25.02%，而过氧化物酶无显著差异。施用微生物菌剂对红树莓影响的综合评价表明，微生物菌剂可有效提高土壤速效养分，改善红树莓果实品质，以T5处理即微生物菌剂施用含量为20％、用量200 L·hm^-2，于红树莓主要发育期施用5次效果最佳。研究结果为改良土壤及精确、高效施用微生物菌剂提供了理论基础。

关键词: 红树莓, 微生物菌剂, 果实品质, 叶片抗氧化性, 土壤速效磷钾

Abstract:

To explore the effects of microbial agents on the growth and fruit quality improvement of red raspberry， microbial agents were applied to raspberry from budding stage to secondary full fruit stage （T5）， initial flowering stage to secondary full fruit stage （T4）， initial fruit stage to secondary full fruit stage （T3）， primary full fruit stage to secondary full fruit stage （T2）， secondary full fruit stage （T1） and no microbial inoculum was used as control （CK） with 3-year-old red raspberry ‘Heltez’ as experimental material. The effects of plant height， ground diameter， biomass， soluble solids， leaf antioxidant enzyme activity， yield-input ratio and activation of soil phosphorus and potassium were studied， and comprehensive evaluation was made by principal component analysis. The results showed that the quality and yield of red raspberry and the available nutrients of soil could be improved by applying microbial inoculum， and the effects of T5 and T4 treatments were better. The content of available nutrients and organic matter in 0—10 cm soil layer was higher than that in 10—20 cm soil layer. T5 treatment had the highest content of available nutrients， and its pH was lower than CK， which improved the alkaline environment of soil. The fruit number and yield of T5 treatment were 76.40% and 25.75% higher than that of CK， and the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）and catalase（CAT） in leaves of one fruiting period were 22.49% and 25.02% higher than those of CK， respectively. No significant differences were found for peroxidase（POD）. The comprehensive evaluation of the effect of microbial inoculum on red raspberry showed that microbial inoculum could effectively improve soil available nutrients and fruit quality of raspberry. The best treatment was T5， which the concentration of microbial inoculum was 20% and the dosage was 200 L·hm^-2， and it was applied 5 times in the main development period of raspberry. Above results provided theoretical basis for soil improvement and precise and efficient application of microbial agents.

Key words: red raspberry, microbial inoculum, fruit quality, leaf antioxidation, activated soil phosphorus and potassium

中图分类号:

S144

郭娟娟, 王珊, 栾好安, 李寒, 郭素萍, 齐国辉, 张雪梅. 微生物菌剂对红树莓生长、果实品质及土壤磷钾的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(10): 198-209.

Juanjuan GUO, Shan WANG, Haoan LUAN, Han LI, Suping GUO, Guohui QI, Xuemei ZHANG. Effects of Microbial Inoculum on Red Raspberry Growth， Fruit Quality and Activating Soil Phosphorus and Potassium[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(10): 198-209.

图/表 11

表1 不同处理施菌剂情况

Table 1 Fertilization of different treatments

处理 Treatment	微生物菌剂施用时期及施用量 Fertilization program/（L·hm^-2）
处理 Treatment	6/25	7/15	8/11	9/15	10/10
CK	—	—	—	—	—
T5	200	200	200	200	200
T4	—	200	200	200	200
T3	—	—	200	200	200
T2	—	—	—	200	200
T1	—	—	—	—	200

图1 在微生物菌剂下不同时期红树莓树体生长情况

Fig. 1 Growth of red raspberry tree in different periods under microbial inoculum

图2 在微生物菌剂下不同时期红树莓可溶性固形物含量注：同一时期中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 2 Soluble solids content of red raspberry in different periods under microbial inoculumNote： Different lowercase letters in same date indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图3 在微生物菌剂下不同时期的果实果形指数注：同一时期中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 3 Fruit shape index in different periods under microbial inoculumNote： Different lowercase letters in same date indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 在微生物菌剂下红树莓盛果期产量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在 P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 4 Yield of red raspberry in full bloom under microbial inoculumNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 在微生物菌剂下不同时期红树莓叶片抗氧化酶的活性注：同一时期中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 5 Antioxidant enzymes activities of red raspberry leaves at different periods under microbial inoculumNote： Different lowercase letters in same date indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图6 在微生物菌剂下红树莓盛果期土壤pH和有机质含量注：同一土层中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 6 Soil pH and organic matter content of red raspberry in fruiting season under microbial inoculumNote： Different lowercase letters in same soil indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图7 在微生物菌剂下红树莓盛果期土壤速效养分含量注：同一土层中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 7 Available nutrients content of red raspberry soils in fruiting season under microbial inoculumNote： Different lowercase letters in same soil indicate significa nt differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表2 不同处理的经济效益

Table 2 Economic benefits of different treatments

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/ （kg·hm^-2）	较CK Compared to CK		微生物菌剂用量 Amount of topdressing/（L·hm^-2）	微生物菌剂投入成本/（元·hm^-2） Fertilizer input cost/（yuan·hm^-2）	增产效益/（元·hm^-2） Increased benefits/ （yuan·hm^-2）
处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/ （kg·hm^-2）	增产量 Increased yield/（kg·hm^-2）	增产率 Percentage/%	微生物菌剂用量 Amount of topdressing/（L·hm^-2）	微生物菌剂投入成本/（元·hm^-2） Fertilizer input cost/（yuan·hm^-2）	增产效益/（元·hm^-2） Increased benefits/ （yuan·hm^-2）
CK	24 930±2.03 b	—	—	—	—	—
T5	31 590±8.45 a	6 660	26.71	5 000.25	16 875	49 725
T4	31 395±7.66 a	6 465	25.93	4 000.20	13 500	51 150
T3	27 765±8.09 ab	2 835	11.37	3 000.15	10 125	18 225
T2	26 055±9.95 b	1 125	4.51	2 000.10	6 750	4 500
T1	25 035±8.77 b	105	0.42	1 000.05	3 375	-2 325

表3 在微生物菌剂下红树莓性状及土壤指标相关性分析

Table 3 Correlation analysis of raspberry characters and soil indexes under microbial inoculum

指标 Indicator	有机质 Organic matter	pH	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen	有效磷 Available phosphorus	速效钾 Available potassium	株高 Plant heigh	地径 Ground diameter	过氧化物酶 POD	过氧化氢酶CAT	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids	超氧化物歧化酶SOD
pH	-0.72^**
碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen	-0.72^**	-0.84^**
有效磷 Available phosphorus	0.81^**	-0.75^**	0.91^**
速效钾 Available potassium	0.746^**	-0.74^**	0.90^**	0.88^**
株高 Plant height	0.57^*	-0.51^*	0.49^*	0.55^*	0.52^*
地径 Ground diameter	0.73^**	-0.51^*	0.70^**	0.69^**	0.69^**	0.408
过氧化物酶 POD	0.31	-0.48^*	0.43	0.45	0.436	0.174	0.035
过氧化氢酶 CAT	0.50^*	-0.50^*	0.63^**	0.64^**	0.54^*	0.18	0.58^*	0.076
可溶性固形物 Soluble solids	0.79^**	-0.64^**	0.74^**	0.82^**	0.72^**	0.52^*	0.73^**	0.223	0.76^**
超氧化物歧化酶SOD	0.77^**	-0.71^**	0.79^**	0.80^**	0.75^**	0.364	0.71^**	0.128	0.51^*	0.63^**
果形指数 Fruit shape index	0.59^*	-0.71^**	0.67^**	0.70^**	0.55^*	0.47^*	0.38	0.14	0.45	0.56^*	0.51^*

图8 在微生物菌剂下不同处理红树莓性状及土壤指标PCoA分析注：1~3代表CK的3个重复；4~6代表T5的3个重复；以此类推，16~18代表T1的3个重复。

Fig. 8 PCoA analysis Compared to CK of red raspberry traits and soil indicators in different treatments under microbial inoculumNote： 1~3 represent three repeats of CK； 4~6 represent three repeats of T5； and so on， 16~18 represent three repeats of T1.

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