小麦根系分泌物对苦瓜幼苗生长及土壤生物学环境的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0682

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决苦瓜生产上遇到的连作障碍问题，利用具有化感促进作用的小麦根系分泌物对苦瓜幼苗进行处理，以未经处理的为对照，分析苦瓜幼苗生长及其根际土壤酶活性和微生物多样性的变化。结果表明，3个苦瓜材料经小麦根系分泌物处理后的株高、茎粗、根长、生物量均较对照有所增加，处理组与对照组之间差异达到显著或极显著水平，株高和茎粗均随着生长天数的推迟呈增加趋势。在第5、10、15天时，处理组株高较对照组分别增加7.32%、14.67%、19.98%，茎粗较对照组分别增加7.98%、8.24%、10.89%；处理组根长、地上鲜重、地上干重、地下鲜重、地下干重较对照分别增加16.29%、18.08%、31.70%、33.74%、27.21%；处理组苦瓜幼苗根际土壤脲酶、多酚氧化酶、转移酶及过氧化氢酶活性分别提高84.88%、35.68%、443.73%、54.39%，并且差异达到显著或极显著水平。经小麦根系分泌物处理后，提高了苦瓜根际土壤中的细菌和放线菌数量和丰富度，降低了真菌数量及丰富度，主要降低了有致病潜力的镰刀菌属的相对丰度。综上所述，小麦根系分泌物可以提高土壤中酶活性，改善土壤生物学环境，促进苦瓜植株的生长，从而改变苦瓜连作产生的不良生态影响。

关键词: 小麦根系分泌物, 苦瓜, 幼苗生长, 土壤环境

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of continuous cropping in bitter gourd， the bitter gourd seedlings was treated with allelopathic wheat root exudates， and the changes of enzyme activity and microbial diversity of bitter gourd rhizosphere soil were analyzed compared with untreated varieties.The results showed that the plant height， stem diameter， root length and biomass of 3 bitter gourd materials treated by the wheat root exudates was higher than the control with a significant or extremely significant difference， and the plant height and stem diameter especially showed an increasing trend over growth days. The plant height and stem diameter of the treatment groups increased by 7.32%， 14.67%， 19.98% and 7.98%， 8.24%， 10.89% at 5， 10 and 15 d， respectively. The root length， fresh weight of aerial part and root， shoot and root dry matter weight of treatment groups increased by 16.29%， 18.08%， 33.74%， 31.70% and 27.21%， respectively. And there was a significant or extremely significant difference in the activity of urease， polyphenol oxidase， transferase and catalase in rhizosphere soil of bitter gourd seedlings between treatment group and control group with increase of 84.88%， 35.68%， 443.73% and 54.39%， respectively. The amount and richness of bacteria and actinomycetes increased， while fungi and fusarium oxysporum decreased， mainly the potentially pathogenic fusarium genus. In conclusion， wheat root exudates could improve soil enzyme activity， improve soil biological environment， promote the growth of bitter melon plants， and change the adverse ecological effects of continuous cultivation of bitter gourd.

Key words: wheat root exudates, bitter gourd, seedling growth, soil environment

中图分类号:

S624.5

张景云, 关峰, 石博, 万新建. 小麦根系分泌物对苦瓜幼苗生长及土壤生物学环境的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(2): 181-190.

Jingyun ZHANG, Feng GUAN, Bo SHI, Xinjian WAN. Effects of Wheat Root Exudates on Bitter Gourd Seeding Growth and Soil Environment[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(2): 181-190.

图/表 15

参考文献 39

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类型 Type	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequence（5’-3’）	备注 Comment
细菌16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	341F	CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG	V3/V4
细菌16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	806R	GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	V3/V4
细菌 16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	515F	GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG	V4/V5
细菌 16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	907R	CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGTTT	V4/V5
细菌16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	515F	GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG	V4
细菌16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	806R	GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	V4
真菌ITS Fungal ITS	ITS1F	CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA	ITS1
真菌ITS Fungal ITS	ITS1R	GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC	ITS1
真菌ITS Fungal ITS	ITS2F	GCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGC	ITS2
真菌ITS Fungal ITS	ITS2R	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC	ITS2
真核18S rRNA Eukaryon 18S rRNA	528F	GCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAA	V4
真核18S rRNA Eukaryon 18S rRNA	706R	CCTTCYGCAGGTTCACCTAC	V4
古菌 Archaea	Arch519F	CAGCCGCCGCGGTAA
古菌 Archaea	Arch915R	GTGCTCCCCCGCCAATTCCT
固氮菌 Azotobacter	nifH-PolF	TGCGAYCCSAARGCBGACTC
固氮菌 Azotobacter	nifH-PolR	ATSGCCATCATYTCRCCGGA
共生真菌 Symbiotic fungus	Endofun-F	AAGCTCGTAGTTGAATTTCG
共生真菌 Symbiotic fungus	Endofun-R	CCCAACTATCCCTATTAATCAT

类型 Type	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequence（5’-3’）	备注 Comment
细菌16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	341F	CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG	V3/V4
细菌16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	806R	GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	V3/V4
细菌 16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	515F	GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG	V4/V5
细菌 16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	907R	CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGTTT	V4/V5
细菌16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	515F	GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG	V4
细菌16S rRNA Bacteria 16S rRNA	806R	GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	V4
真菌ITS Fungal ITS	ITS1F	CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA	ITS1
真菌ITS Fungal ITS	ITS1R	GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC	ITS1
真菌ITS Fungal ITS	ITS2F	GCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGC	ITS2
真菌ITS Fungal ITS	ITS2R	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC	ITS2
真核18S rRNA Eukaryon 18S rRNA	528F	GCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAA	V4
真核18S rRNA Eukaryon 18S rRNA	706R	CCTTCYGCAGGTTCACCTAC	V4
古菌 Archaea	Arch519F	CAGCCGCCGCGGTAA
古菌 Archaea	Arch915R	GTGCTCCCCCGCCAATTCCT
固氮菌 Azotobacter	nifH-PolF	TGCGAYCCSAARGCBGACTC
固氮菌 Azotobacter	nifH-PolR	ATSGCCATCATYTCRCCGGA
共生真菌 Symbiotic fungus	Endofun-F	AAGCTCGTAGTTGAATTTCG
共生真菌 Symbiotic fungus	Endofun-R	CCCAACTATCCCTATTAATCAT

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm			茎粗 Stem diameter/mm
处理 Treatment	5 d	10 d	15 d	5 d	10 d	15 d
CK1	4.76	6.97	9.22	3.25	3.59	3.69
CK2	4.74	6.94	9.13	3.28	3.38	3.78
CK3	4.77	6.91	9.57	3.35	3.58	3.74
T1	5.21	7.96	11.00	3.51	3.69	4.11
T2	5.09	8.09	11.50	3.57	3.82	4.26
T3	5.01	7.83	11.00	3.58	3.91	4.06

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm			茎粗 Stem diameter/mm
处理 Treatment	5 d	10 d	15 d	5 d	10 d	15 d
CK1	4.76	6.97	9.22	3.25	3.59	3.69
CK2	4.74	6.94	9.13	3.28	3.38	3.78
CK3	4.77	6.91	9.57	3.35	3.58	3.74
T1	5.21	7.96	11.00	3.51	3.69	4.11
T2	5.09	8.09	11.50	3.57	3.82	4.26
T3	5.01	7.83	11.00	3.58	3.91	4.06

差异源 Source of differences	自由度 Degree of freedom	F值 F value
		株高 Plant height			茎粗 Stem diameter
		5 d	10 d	15 d	5 d	10 d	15 d
处理组间Among treatment groups	5	1.80	9.70^**	36.35^**	1.91	5.06^**	8.03^**
对照组间 Among control groups	1	8.08^*	47.44^**	172.72^**	8.87^*	17.78^**	36.44^**
对照组内Within control groups	2	0.01	0.02	1.75	0.23	2.03	0.29
处理组内Within treatment groups	2	0.45	0.50	2.78	0.10	1.73	1.56
误差Error	12
总计Total	17