不同海拔藏绵羊肉质脂肪酸特征分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0760

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (4): 67-76.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0760

不同海拔藏绵羊肉质脂肪酸特征分析

徐英¹(), 任越², 沙玉柱¹, 蒲小宁¹, 郭新羽¹, 姚亮伟¹, 邵鹏阳¹, 王继卿¹, 李少斌¹, 刘秀¹()

^1.甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院, 甘肃省草食动物生物技术重点实验室, 兰州 730070
^2.西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2022-09-08 接受日期:2022-11-07 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2024-04-23
通讯作者: 刘秀
作者简介:徐英 E-mail：18298402040@163.com；
基金资助:
甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2020A-52);甘肃农业大学科技创新基金项目(GAU-QDFC-2018-11);甘肃省草食动物生物技术重点实验室开放课题项目(GKLAB-201601);西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202101ZD0001N)

Characteristics Analysis of Meat Fatty Acids of Tibetan Sheep at Different Altitudes Under Natural Grazing Conditions

Ying XU¹(), Yue REN², Yuzhu SHA¹, Xiaoning PU¹, Xinyu GUO¹, Liangwei YAO¹, Pengyang SHAO¹, Jiqing WANG¹, Shaobin LI¹, Xiu LIU¹()

^1.Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivore Biotechnology，College of Animal Science and Technology，Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou 730070，China
^2.Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine，Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry，Lhasa 850000，China

Received:2022-09-08 Accepted:2022-11-07 Online:2024-04-15 Published:2024-04-23
Contact: Xiu LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确自然放牧条件下不同海拔藏绵羊肉质脂肪酸含量及组成特征，选择高（4 500 m）、中（3 500 m）、低（2 500 m）海拔藏绵羊各6只（3岁母羊），测定其背最长肌、前腿肌和后腿肌中的脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明，不同海拔藏绵羊脂肪酸组成及含量存在显著差异，其中，肉豆蔻酸（C14∶0）在低海拔藏绵羊不同肌肉组织中含量最低；油酸（C18∶1n9c）在低海拔藏绵羊不同肌肉组织中含量最高，并显著高于中、高海拔。不同肌肉组织中的多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid， PUFA）与饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid， SFA）的比值（P/S）在 0.168~0.504之间，其中高海拔藏绵羊背最长肌的P/S值显著高于中、低海拔。由此表明，藏绵羊不同肌肉组织中脂肪酸的组成除高海拔区背最长肌外，低海拔更具优势，即生长在低海拔的藏绵羊具有更好的食用价值及生产高档羊肉的潜力。

关键词: 海拔, 藏绵羊, 肉品质, 脂肪酸

Abstract:

In order to study the contents and composition of fatty acids in meat of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes under natural grazing conditions， 6 ewes （3 years old） of Tibetan sheep at different elevations were selected， including high （4 500 m）， middle （3 500 m） and low （2 500 m） altitudes. The composition and contents of fatty acids in longissimus dorsi， foreleg muscle and hindleg muscle were determined. The results showed that there were significant differences in fatty acid composition and content among Tibetan sheeps at different altitudes. Among them， the content of myristic acid （C14∶0） was the lowest in 3 muscle tissues of Tibetan sheeps at low altitude. And the content of oleic acid （C18∶1n9c） was the highest in 3 muscle tissues of Tibetan sheep at low altitude， which was significantly higher than that at middle and high altitudes. The ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） to saturated fatty acids （SFA）（P/S） in different muscle tissues were from 0.168 to 0.504， and the P/S value of the longissimus dorsi muscle of Tibetan sheep at high altitude was significantly higher than that of middle and low altitudes. To sum up， except the longissimus dorsi of Tibetan sheep at high altitude area， the composition of fatty acids in different muscle tissues of Tibetan sheep at low altitude area had more advantages， which had good edible value and potential to produce high-grade mutton.

Key words: altitude, Tibetan sheep, meat quality, fatty acids

中图分类号:

S826.8+3

徐英, 任越, 沙玉柱, 蒲小宁, 郭新羽, 姚亮伟, 邵鹏阳, 王继卿, 李少斌, 刘秀. 不同海拔藏绵羊肉质脂肪酸特征分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(4): 67-76.

Ying XU, Yue REN, Yuzhu SHA, Xiaoning PU, Xinyu GUO, Liangwei YAO, Pengyang SHAO, Jiqing WANG, Shaobin LI, Xiu LIU. Characteristics Analysis of Meat Fatty Acids of Tibetan Sheep at Different Altitudes Under Natural Grazing Conditions[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(4): 67-76.

图/表 4

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脂肪酸 Fatty acid	组织 Tissue	高海拔组 High altitude group	中海拔组 Middle altitude group	低海拔组 Low altitude group
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	44.723±4.571 a	50.113±0.453 a	48.215±0.889 a
饱和脂肪酸SFA/%	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	47.982±1.259 a	43.831±0.495 a	44.448±4.725 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	44.681±7.690 a	45.282±0.126 a	44.394±0.140 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	37.143±2.678 b	41.450±1.171 a	42.366±1.072 a
单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA/%	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	38.395±2.990 a	40.650±0.310 a	42.018±2.827 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	34.236±2.237 b	40.058±1.464 a	42.507±0.080 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	17.925±5.383 a	8.438±0.716 a	9.715±0.266 a
多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA/%	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	12.797±3.926 a	15.325±0.258 b	13.816±7.668 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	20.992±10.288 a	13.338±1.221 a	12.932±1.674 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	55.070±5.863 a	49.887±0.455 a	52.080±1.239 a
不饱和脂肪酸UFA/%	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	51.192±1.391 a	55.974±0.052 a	55.834±5.115 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	55.228±9.218 a	53.396±0.243 a	55.439±1.594 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.410±0.148 a	0.168±0.013 b	0.201±0.009 b
多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸 P/S	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.267±0.084 a	0.350±0.002 a	0.325±0.214 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.504±0.305 a	0.295±0.027 a	0.363±0.187 a

脂肪酸 Fatty acid	组织 Tissue	高海拔组 High altitude group	中海拔组 Middle altitude group	低海拔组 Low altitude group
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	44.723±4.571 a	50.113±0.453 a	48.215±0.889 a
饱和脂肪酸SFA/%	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	47.982±1.259 a	43.831±0.495 a	44.448±4.725 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	44.681±7.690 a	45.282±0.126 a	44.394±0.140 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	37.143±2.678 b	41.450±1.171 a	42.366±1.072 a
单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA/%	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	38.395±2.990 a	40.650±0.310 a	42.018±2.827 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	34.236±2.237 b	40.058±1.464 a	42.507±0.080 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	17.925±5.383 a	8.438±0.716 a	9.715±0.266 a
多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA/%	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	12.797±3.926 a	15.325±0.258 b	13.816±7.668 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	20.992±10.288 a	13.338±1.221 a	12.932±1.674 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	55.070±5.863 a	49.887±0.455 a	52.080±1.239 a
不饱和脂肪酸UFA/%	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	51.192±1.391 a	55.974±0.052 a	55.834±5.115 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	55.228±9.218 a	53.396±0.243 a	55.439±1.594 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.410±0.148 a	0.168±0.013 b	0.201±0.009 b
多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸 P/S	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.267±0.084 a	0.350±0.002 a	0.325±0.214 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.504±0.305 a	0.295±0.027 a	0.363±0.187 a

饱和脂肪酸 SFA	组织 Tissue	高海拔组 High altitude group	中海拔组 Middle altitude group	低海拔组 Low altitude group
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.436±0.181 a	0.345±0.211 a	0.246±0.026 a
丁酸C4∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.319±0.102 b	0.781±0.023 a	0.448±0.198 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.781±0.065 a	0.360±0.033 b	0.102±0.000 c
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.882±0.357 a	0.635±0.025 ab	0.443±0.014 b
十三烷酸C13∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.669±0.256 b	1.309±0.065 a	0.717±0.443 ab
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.010±0.482 a	0.946±0.025 a	0.539±0.119 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	2.472±0.661 a	2.149±0.040 a	1.850±0.065 a
肉豆蔻酸C14∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	3.631±2.002 a	1.688±0.203 a	1.549±0.236 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	2.874±2.146 a	1.973±0.345 a	1.534±0.096 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.519±0.209 a	0.259±0.049 a	0.428±0.051 a
十五烷酸C15∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.412±0.136 b	0.664±0.007 a	0.284±0.053 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.751±0.282 a	0.366±0.085 b	0.501±0.002 ab
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	18.634±1.290 b	20.603±0.653 b	23.675±1.557 a
棕榈酸C16∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	20.477±3.586 a	18.249±0.333 a	20.731±3.998 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	19.143±4.985 a	18.294±0.368 a	19.976±0.650 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.895±0.221 b	1.188±0.009 a	1.176±0.085 a
十七烷酸C17∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	1.078±0.081 a	0.943±0.134 a	1.075±0.214 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.873±0.143 b	0.978±0.083 ab	1.153±0.084 a
十八烷酸C18∶0	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	20.184±4.421 a	24.352±0.902 a	20.018±0.628 a
十八烷酸C18∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	20.776±5.249 a	19.319±0.811 a	19.053±2.424 a
十八烷酸C18∶0	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	18.541±2.699 a	21.588±0.555 a	20.130±0.843 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.260±0.090 a	0.243±0.035 a	0.143±0.015 a
花生酸C20∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.251±0.060 a	ND	0.156±0.019 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.224±0.000 a	0.192±0.043 ab	0.162±0.011 b
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.441±0.071 a	0.339±0.029 a	0.233±0.046 b
二十二烷酸C22∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.369±0.070 b	0.879±0.004 a	0.435±0.312 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.484±0.169 ab	0.587±0.006 a	0.299±0.105 b

饱和脂肪酸 SFA	组织 Tissue	高海拔组 High altitude group	中海拔组 Middle altitude group	低海拔组 Low altitude group
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.436±0.181 a	0.345±0.211 a	0.246±0.026 a
丁酸C4∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.319±0.102 b	0.781±0.023 a	0.448±0.198 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.781±0.065 a	0.360±0.033 b	0.102±0.000 c
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.882±0.357 a	0.635±0.025 ab	0.443±0.014 b
十三烷酸C13∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.669±0.256 b	1.309±0.065 a	0.717±0.443 ab
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.010±0.482 a	0.946±0.025 a	0.539±0.119 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	2.472±0.661 a	2.149±0.040 a	1.850±0.065 a
肉豆蔻酸C14∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	3.631±2.002 a	1.688±0.203 a	1.549±0.236 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	2.874±2.146 a	1.973±0.345 a	1.534±0.096 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.519±0.209 a	0.259±0.049 a	0.428±0.051 a
十五烷酸C15∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.412±0.136 b	0.664±0.007 a	0.284±0.053 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.751±0.282 a	0.366±0.085 b	0.501±0.002 ab
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	18.634±1.290 b	20.603±0.653 b	23.675±1.557 a
棕榈酸C16∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	20.477±3.586 a	18.249±0.333 a	20.731±3.998 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	19.143±4.985 a	18.294±0.368 a	19.976±0.650 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.895±0.221 b	1.188±0.009 a	1.176±0.085 a
十七烷酸C17∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	1.078±0.081 a	0.943±0.134 a	1.075±0.214 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.873±0.143 b	0.978±0.083 ab	1.153±0.084 a
十八烷酸C18∶0	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	20.184±4.421 a	24.352±0.902 a	20.018±0.628 a
十八烷酸C18∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	20.776±5.249 a	19.319±0.811 a	19.053±2.424 a
十八烷酸C18∶0	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	18.541±2.699 a	21.588±0.555 a	20.130±0.843 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.260±0.090 a	0.243±0.035 a	0.143±0.015 a
花生酸C20∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.251±0.060 a	ND	0.156±0.019 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.224±0.000 a	0.192±0.043 ab	0.162±0.011 b
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.441±0.071 a	0.339±0.029 a	0.233±0.046 b
二十二烷酸C22∶0	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.369±0.070 b	0.879±0.004 a	0.435±0.312 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.484±0.169 ab	0.587±0.006 a	0.299±0.105 b

不饱和脂肪酸 UFA	组织 Tissue	高海拔组 High altitude group	中海拔组 Middle altitude group	低海拔组 Low altitude group
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.973±0.220 a	0.579±0.022 b	0.518±0.007 b
肉豆蔻烯酸C14∶1	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.865±0.170	1.194±0.056	0.784±0.344
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	1.091±0.642	0.615±0.070	0.572±0.149
顺-10-十五碳烯酸C15∶1	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.693±0.242 a	0.396±0.019 b	0.486±0.023 ab
顺-10-十五碳烯酸C15∶1	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.625±0.318 a	0.848±0.091 a	0.677±0.223 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.778±0.359 a	0.624±0.102 a	0.620±0.071 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.944±0.255 a	1.078±0.058 a	1.164±0.103 a
棕榈油酸C16∶1	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	1.226±0.480 a	1.257±0.156 a	1.194±0.126 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	1.074±0.256 a	1.310±0.216 a	0.245±0.161 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.403±0.028 b	0.495±0.012 a	0.524±0.038 a
顺-10-十七烯酸C17∶1	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.458±0.083 a	0.505±0.023 a	0.508±0.010 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.378±0.036 b	0.576±0.011 a	0.597±0.001 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	4.601±1.717 a	4.832±0.165 a	3.585±0.387 a
反油酸C18∶1n9t	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	5.846±1.548 a	2.649±0.953 b	3.284±0.859 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	4.099±1.079 a	3.241±0.985 a	3.759±0.592 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	27.533±0.908 c	32.701±1.434 b	36.088±0.739 a
油酸C18∶1n9c	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	26.852±4.695 b	31.366±0.844 ab	33.459±2.369 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	24.259±4.729 b	33.694±2.393 a	34.531±0.976 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	1.995±1.879 a	1.370±0.104 a	ND
花生烯酸C20∶1	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	2.523±0.555 a	2.832±0.432 a	2.111±0.622 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	2.558±2.494 a	ND	1.184±1.107 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.389±0.081 a	0.252±0.006 b	0.454±0.021 a
反亚油酸C18∶2n6t	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.444±0.071 a	ND	0.452±0.019 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.382±0.008 b	0.309±0.009 c	0.462±0.061 a
亚油酸C18∶2n6c	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	2.479±1.398 a	0.799±0.095 b	2.046±0.176 b
亚油酸C18∶2n6c	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	7.458±2.827 a	8.625±0.584 a	7.434±3.242 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	12.076±7.014 a	6.861±0.367 a	7.378±0.790 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	2.479±1.398 a	0.799±0.095 a	2.046±0.176 a
亚麻酸C18∶3n3	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	1.271±0.290 a	0.594±0.191 a	1.802±1.811 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	2.169±1.355 a	2.122±0.082 a	2.632±0.091 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.319±0.110 a	ND	0.473±0.641 a
二十碳三烯酸C20∶3n6	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.222±0.101 a	0.289±0.041 a	0.259±0.154 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.375±0.225 a	0.186±0.016 a	0.135±0.047 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	2.997±1.244 a	1.569±0.248 ab	0.919±0.437 b
花生四烯酸C20∶4n6	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	2.191±0.817 a	3.595±0.200 a	2.267±1.670 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	3.784±2.281 a	2.529±0.730 a	1.682±0.547 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	1.564±0.697 a	0.561±0.138 b	0.500±0.077 b
二十碳五烯酸C20∶5n3	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.985±0.486 a	1.890±0.671 a	1.181±1.256 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	1.873±1.198 a	1.096±0.209 a	0.521±0.225 a
	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi	0.326±0.130 b	0.728±0.117 a	0.612±0.000 a
二十二碳六烯酸C22∶6n3	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.226±0.041 b	0.334±0.005 b	0.571±0.148 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.333±0.187 a	0.236±0.010 a	0.124±0.036 a

不同海拔藏绵羊肉质脂肪酸特征分析

Characteristics Analysis of Meat Fatty Acids of Tibetan Sheep at Different Altitudes Under Natural Grazing Conditions

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Metrics

脂肪酸 Fatty acid		高海拔组 High altitude group	中海拔组 Middle altitude group	低海拔组 Low altitude group
不利脂肪酸 Unfavorable fatty acid	C14∶0	2.993±1.588 a	1.936±0.285 b	1.644±0.203 b
	C16∶0	19.418 ±3.244 a	19.048±1.236 a	21.461±2.752 a
	C18∶0	19.834±3.821 a	21.753±2.282 a	19.734±1.417 a
有利脂肪酸 Favorable fatty acid	C18∶1n9c	26.215±3.680 b	32.587±1.774 a	34.693±1.758 a
有利脂肪酸 Favorable fatty acid	C18∶2n6t	0.405±0.062 a	0.280±0.032 b	0.450±0.038 a

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