关键词: 燕麦, 育种技术体系, 创建, 应用

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems existing in oat breeding, technical innovative studies on its core breeding links were carried out. The first side is to introduce and utilize foreign germplasm resources. On the basis of 300 accessions introduced from Canada, over 9 000 accessions of China-Canada hybrids oats have been breeded. The second side is to innovate a Chinese oat breeding method and establish a high effective breeding technology system in China. Using the dominant and recessive male sterile germplasm resources monopolized by our country, the sterility in tetraploid-hexapod hybrid was solved, the barrier in haploid breeding techniques of naked oat was broken, and the awn marker traits were selected. Difficult problems such as slow hybrid homozygosity, superior germplasm shortage, low excellent gene integration, narrow disease-resistant gene base, and discrimination of super marker traits have been overcome. Now, 48 new naked-oat cultivars and 12 covered-oat cultivars have been developed, including 6 national approved ones. The oat varieties are no longer of single type with high yield, but have developed into multiple types, which could meet the multi-requirements in oat growth and processing under complicated ecological environments in China.

Key words: oat, breeding technology system, establishment, application