BC98-Ⅰ和B96-Ⅱ发酵液对马铃薯的防病促生作用及对土壤酶活性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0404

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究蜡状芽孢杆菌BC98-Ⅰ（Bacillus cereus，T1）和枯草芽孢杆菌B96-Ⅱ（Bacillus subtilis，T2）发酵液对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果，采用平皿培养法研究T2及T1+T2对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑制作用，通过盆栽试验和大田试验研究T2及T1+T2对马铃薯的防病促生作用，探究发酵液T2及T1+T2大田灌根后对马铃薯病害的持续防治效果。结果表明，2种发酵液均能显著抑制马铃薯晚疫病病菌的菌丝生长；在盆栽和大田试验中，2种发酵液都能显著促进马铃薯植株的生长、提高马铃薯产量，植株最高促生率达54.74%，马铃薯最高增产率达35.51%；2种发酵液对马铃薯晚疫病有较好的防治效果，最高防治效率达78.98%。另外，2种发酵液还能显著提高土壤中过氧化物酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性。综上所述，发酵液T2及T1+T2不仅能提高马铃薯产量，还对马铃薯晚疫病具有较好的防治作用，具有开发成抗马铃薯晚疫病生物农药的潜在价值，为山西地区马铃薯晚疫病的高效防治提供理论和技术支撑。

关键词: 马铃薯, 蜡状芽孢杆菌, 枯草芽孢杆菌, 晚疫病, 酶活性

Abstract:

To study the control effect of the fermentation broth of Bacillus cereus BC98-Ⅰ（T1） and Bacillus subtilis B96-Ⅱ （T2） on potato late blight， a plate culture method was used to study the inhibitory effects of the fermentation broth of T2 and T1+T2 mixture on Phytophthora infestans in potato. The control effects of the fermentation broth of T2 and T1+T2 on potato late blight and potato growth were studied through pot experiment and field experiment. The results showed that 2 fermentation broths could significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of potato late blight pathogen. In the pot experiment and field experiment， it was found that the two fermentation broths could significantly promote the growth of potato plants and increase the potato yield， which the promoting rate reached 54.74% and the yield of potato increased 35.51% compared with CK. At the same time， it was also found that the 2 fermentation broths had good control effects on potato late blight with the highest control efficiency 78.98%. In addition， the activities of peroxidase， urease， phosphatase and sucrase in soil significant increased after application of two fermentation broths. In conclusion， the fermentation broths of T2 and T1+T2 could not only increase potato yield， but also had a better control effect on potato late blight， and had potential value for developing biological pesticide against potato late blight， which provided theoretical and technical support for effective control of potato late blight in Shanxi.

Key words: potato, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, late blight, enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S532

郝变青, 马利平, 赵永胜, 石文鑫, 王建雄, 景玉川. BC98-Ⅰ和B96-Ⅱ发酵液对马铃薯的防病促生作用及对土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(8): 116-123.

Bianqing HAO, Liping MA, Yongsheng ZHAO, Wenxin SHI, Jianxiong WANG, Yuchuan JING. Effect of BC98-Ⅰ and B96-Ⅱ Fermentation Broth on Potato Disease Prevention and Growth and Its Effect on Soil Enzyme Activity[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(8): 116-123.

图/表 9

参考文献 17

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处理 Treatment	生长速率 Growth rate/（cm·d^-1）					抑制率 Inhibitory rate/%
处理 Treatment	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	平均 Mean	抑制率 Inhibitory rate/%
T2₁₀₀	0.13±0.01 c	0.17±0.02 a	0.15±0.02 b	0.17±0.02 b	0.16±0.01 b	86.21±0.86 a
T2₃₀₀	0.17±0.01 b	0.18±0.00 a	0.17±0.01 a	0.21±0.01 a	0.18±0.01 a	84.48±0.86 a
T1+T2₁₀₀	0.13±0.02 c	0.18±0.02 a	0.16±0.01 ab	0.17±0.01 b	0.17±0.01 b	85.34±0.87 a
T1+T2₃₀₀	0.12±0.01 d	0.14±0.01 b	0.14±0.01 bc	0.18±0.01 b	0.15±0.01 bc	87.07±0.86 a
CK	1.16±0.00 a	—	—	—	1.16±0.00 b	—

处理 Treatment	生长速率 Growth rate/（cm·d^-1）					抑制率 Inhibitory rate/%
处理 Treatment	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	平均 Mean	抑制率 Inhibitory rate/%
T2₁₀₀	0.13±0.01 c	0.17±0.02 a	0.15±0.02 b	0.17±0.02 b	0.16±0.01 b	86.21±0.86 a
T2₃₀₀	0.17±0.01 b	0.18±0.00 a	0.17±0.01 a	0.21±0.01 a	0.18±0.01 a	84.48±0.86 a
T1+T2₁₀₀	0.13±0.02 c	0.18±0.02 a	0.16±0.01 ab	0.17±0.01 b	0.17±0.01 b	85.34±0.87 a
T1+T2₃₀₀	0.12±0.01 d	0.14±0.01 b	0.14±0.01 bc	0.18±0.01 b	0.15±0.01 bc	87.07±0.86 a
CK	1.16±0.00 a	—	—	—	1.16±0.00 b	—

处理 Treatment	出苗率 Emergence rate/%	提高率 Increasing rate/%
T2₁₀₀	88.95±4.41 b	19.96 c
T2₃₀₀	97.84±2.20 a	31.95 a
T1+T2₁₀₀	82.26±2.23 b	10.94 d
T1+T2₃₀₀	91.17±5.91 ab	22.95 b
CK	74.15±9.82 c	—

处理 Treatment	出苗率 Emergence rate/%	提高率 Increasing rate/%
T2₁₀₀	88.95±4.41 b	19.96 c
T2₃₀₀	97.84±2.20 a	31.95 a
T1+T2₁₀₀	82.26±2.23 b	10.94 d
T1+T2₃₀₀	91.17±5.91 ab	22.95 b
CK	74.15±9.82 c	—

处理 Treatment	株高Plant height/cm
处理 Treatment	20 d	27 d	34 d	41 d	48 d	62 d
T2₁₀₀	3.01±0.51 bc	8.22±1.20 bc	15.72±1.07 c	34.51±1.84 ab	46.39±2.73 a	55.87±7.24 a
T2₃₀₀	3.92±0.22 a	13.04±0.34 a	22.53±1.15 a	39.42±1.01 a	47.37±1.82 a	55.04±1.82 a
T1+T2₁₀₀	2.94±0.50 bc	12.56±1.81 a	19.47±1.56 b	32.24±1.25 b	45.86±0.44 a	52.42±3.13 a
T1+T2₃₀₀	2.26±0.64 c	9.77±1.14 b	16.76±0.44 c	31.33±0.46 b	40.14±1.56 b	53.46±2.64 a
CK	1.07±0.13 d	6.90±1.45 c	11.20±2.23 d	23.28±2.47 c	38.43±2.80 c	42.74±2.70 b