近30年黄淮海农作区冬小麦水足迹分布变化

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0090

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为量化冬小麦生产对水资源的消耗，基于水足迹理论和方法，在县域尺度上，科学分析了1985—2015年黄淮海农作区冬小麦生产水足迹的时空分布和变化特征，并对水足迹冷热点分布趋势进行了探讨。结果表明，黄淮海农作区冬小麦水足迹总量为1 168.54×10⁸ m³，在空间上呈现南部区域高、北部区域低的特点。冬小麦蓝水足迹呈现北高南低的空间格局，而绿水和灰水足迹则表现为南高北低。1985—2015年，黄淮海农作区冬小麦水足迹增加了54.8%，其中蓝水足迹和绿水足迹变化较小，而灰水足迹的占比增加了29.1%；空间分布上蓝、绿、灰水足迹均呈现北部降低、南部升高的变化趋势。冬小麦水足迹总量的重心呈现向西南方向迁移的趋势，但整体变化幅度较小。近30年冬小麦水足迹在全局和局部均呈现空间集聚趋势，热点区域在2.5亚区扩大，冷点区域在2.2亚区扩大。以上研究结果为黄淮海农作区冬小麦布局优化和农业水资源高效利用与管理提供了科学依据。

关键词: 黄淮海农作区, 水足迹, 冬小麦, 时空分布, 冷热点分析

Abstract:

To quantify the consumption of water resources for winter wheat， the spatial-temporal distribution and variation of water footprint for winter wheat were quantitatively analyzed based on the water footprint theory and method at the county scale in the Huang-Huai-Hai farming region from 1985 to 2015， and the distribution of cold and hot spot of water footprint were analyzed. The results showed that the total water footprint of winter wheat was 1 168.54×10⁸ m³， and its spatial distribution was high in the south and low in the north. The blue water footprint of winter wheat was high in the north and low in the south， while the green water footprint and gray water footprint were high in the south and low in the north. From 1985 to 2015， the total water footprint for winter wheat increased by 54.8%. The blue and green water footprint changed little， while the grey water increased by 29.1%. The spatial distribution of blue， green and grey water footprints decreased in the north and increased in the south. The gravity center of the total water footprint for winter wheat moved to the southwest， while the overall change of which was small. In recent 30 years， the water footprint for winter wheat showed a spatial agglomeration trend in the global and local areas. The hot spot area expanded in the 2.5 sub-zone， and the cold spot area expanded in the 2.2 sub-zone. These results provided scientific basis for optimizing winter wheat distribution and efficient utilization and management of agricultural water resources in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region.

Key words: Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, water footprint, winter wheat, spatial-temporal distribution, cold and hot spot analysis

中图分类号:

S512.1

赵明宇, 贾浩, 石晓宇, 潘义, 黄妤韵, 王凯澄, 褚庆全. 近30年黄淮海农作区冬小麦水足迹分布变化[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(8): 138-147.

Mingyu ZHAO, Hao JIA, Xiaoyu SHI, Yi PAN, Yuyun HUANG, Kaicheng WANG, Qingquan CHU. Distribution of Winter Wheat Water Footprint in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming Region in Recent 30 Years[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(8): 138-147.

图/表 6

参考文献 42

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亚区编号 Sub-zone code	亚区名称 Sub-zone name	海拔 Elevation/m	年均温 Annual mean temperature/℃	≥10℃积温 ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature/℃	无霜期 Frost-free season/d	年均降雨量 Annual mean rainfall/mm
2.1	环渤海山东半岛滨海外向型二熟农渔区 Export-oriented double cropping agricultural and fishing region in Shandong Peninsula coast around Bohai	0～40	11～14	4 000～4 500	180～220	600～1 000
2.2	燕山太行山山前平原水浇地二熟区 Irrigated double cropping plain in piedmonts of Taihang Mountain and Yan Mountain	70～100	10～14	4 000～4 600	180～200	550～650
2.3	海河低平原缺水水浇地二熟兼旱地一熟区 Irrigated double cropping region and drought one cropping region in the lower Haihe Plain；	10～30	12～13	4 200～4 500	180～195	500～600
2.4	鲁西平原鲁中丘陵水浇地二熟兼一熟区 Irrigated and drought double cropping region in the west plain and the middle hills of Shandong	20～60	11～14	3 600～4 600	185～210	600～800
2.5	黄淮平原南阳盆地水浇地旱地二熟区 Irrigated and drought double cropping region in the Nanyang Basin of the Huang-Huai Plain	70～40	14～15	4 500～4 800	205～220	650～950
2.6	汾渭谷地水浇地二熟旱地一熟兼二熟区 Irrigated double cropping region and drought one and double cropping regions in the Fenwei Valley；	400～600	8～13	3 500～4 500	190～210	460～700
2.7	豫西丘陵山地旱坡地一熟水浇地二熟区 Drought sloping region of one cropping system and irrigated double cropping region in the west hills of Henan Province.	300～800	12～15	3 800～4 800	190～230	550～650
全区Total zone		0～800	8～15	3 500～4 800	180～230	460～1 000

亚区编号 Sub-zone code	亚区名称 Sub-zone name	海拔 Elevation/m	年均温 Annual mean temperature/℃	≥10℃积温 ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature/℃	无霜期 Frost-free season/d	年均降雨量 Annual mean rainfall/mm
2.1	环渤海山东半岛滨海外向型二熟农渔区 Export-oriented double cropping agricultural and fishing region in Shandong Peninsula coast around Bohai	0～40	11～14	4 000～4 500	180～220	600～1 000
2.2	燕山太行山山前平原水浇地二熟区 Irrigated double cropping plain in piedmonts of Taihang Mountain and Yan Mountain	70～100	10～14	4 000～4 600	180～200	550～650
2.3	海河低平原缺水水浇地二熟兼旱地一熟区 Irrigated double cropping region and drought one cropping region in the lower Haihe Plain；	10～30	12～13	4 200～4 500	180～195	500～600
2.4	鲁西平原鲁中丘陵水浇地二熟兼一熟区 Irrigated and drought double cropping region in the west plain and the middle hills of Shandong	20～60	11～14	3 600～4 600	185～210	600～800
2.5	黄淮平原南阳盆地水浇地旱地二熟区 Irrigated and drought double cropping region in the Nanyang Basin of the Huang-Huai Plain	70～40	14～15	4 500～4 800	205～220	650～950
2.6	汾渭谷地水浇地二熟旱地一熟兼二熟区 Irrigated double cropping region and drought one and double cropping regions in the Fenwei Valley；	400～600	8～13	3 500～4 500	190～210	460～700
2.7	豫西丘陵山地旱坡地一熟水浇地二熟区 Drought sloping region of one cropping system and irrigated double cropping region in the west hills of Henan Province.	300～800	12～15	3 800～4 800	190～230	550～650
全区Total zone		0～800	8～15	3 500～4 800	180～230	460～1 000

亚区编号 Sub-zone code	蓝水足迹 Blue water footprint/（10⁴ m³）	绿水足迹 Green water footprint/（10⁴ m³）	灰水足迹 Grey water footprint/（10⁴ m³）
2.1	424 230.53	256 960.89	373 544.22
2.2	538 229.67	211 788.56	473 800.56
2.3	913 641.54	344 867.87	898 188.38
2.4	341 141.11	195 592.40	450 639.62
2.5	1 298 791.10	1 343 188.32	2 086 842.38
2.6	129 818.33	93 650.51	182 135.14
2.7	307 456.90	192 372.33	628 510.32

亚区编号 Sub-zone code	蓝水足迹 Blue water footprint/（10⁴ m³）	绿水足迹 Green water footprint/（10⁴ m³）	灰水足迹 Grey water footprint/（10⁴ m³）
2.1	424 230.53	256 960.89	373 544.22
2.2	538 229.67	211 788.56	473 800.56
2.3	913 641.54	344 867.87	898 188.38
2.4	341 141.11	195 592.40	450 639.62
2.5	1 298 791.10	1 343 188.32	2 086 842.38
2.6	129 818.33	93 650.51	182 135.14
2.7	307 456.90	192 372.33	628 510.32

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