稻虾共作模式下喷施褪黑素对水稻产量形成和抗倒伏特性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0237

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 34-42.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0237

稻虾共作模式下喷施褪黑素对水稻产量形成和抗倒伏特性的影响

周影(), 李京咏, 戴林秀, 敖弟彩, 李梓逸, 杨帆, 顾军伟, 徐强(), 窦志, 高辉

扬州大学农学院，江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室，江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室，江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，水稻产业工程技术研究院，江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2023-03-28 接受日期:2023-06-09 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-28
通讯作者: 徐强
作者简介:周影 E-mail： 18262873545@163.com；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700805);江苏省重点研发计划项目(D21YFD17008);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20210791);江苏省大学生科技创新基金项目(202311117088Y);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目

Effect of Melatonin Spraying on Rice Yield Formation and Lodging Resistance Under Rice-Crayfish Coculture Mode

Ying ZHOU(), Jingyong LI, Linxiu DAI, Dicai AO, Ziyi LI, Fan YANG, Junwei GU, Qiang XU(), Zhi DOU, Hui GAO

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology，Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology，Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops，Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology，Agricultural College，Yangzhou University，Jiangsu Yangzhou 225009，China

Received:2023-03-28 Accepted:2023-06-09 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-09-28
Contact: Qiang XU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

倒伏是限制稻虾共作模式水稻优质高产的瓶颈问题。为研究外源褪黑素喷施对该模式下水稻茎秆倒伏特性的影响，以‘南粳5718’为试验材料，在稻虾共作模式下于拔节初期叶面喷施200 μmol·L^-1褪黑素处理（MT），以未喷施为对照（CK），比较不同处理下水稻的形态学指标、茎秆力学指标、茎秆化学成分含量、水稻产量及木质素、纤维素生物合成关键基因的表达。结果表明，稻虾共作模式下，MT处理的水稻产量为9 261 kg·hm^-2，与CK差异不显著；但MT处理的穗粒数较CK显著增加，而有效穗数和结实率较CK显著降低。与CK处理相比，MT处理水稻的株高、穗颈节高度和重心高分别显著降低13.04%、14.91%和22.93%，而第2节间抗折力和折断弯矩显著增加22.39%和22.34%，弯曲力矩和倒伏指数显著降低20.61%和35.03%；木质素、纤维素生物合成关键基因OsCoMT、OsCesA4、OsCesA7和OsCesA9表达上调。相关性分析表明，MT处理下，倒伏指数与株高、穗颈高度和折断部位至穗顶距离呈极显著正相关，与抗折力、折断弯矩和弯曲应力呈显著负相关。综上所述，稻虾共作模式下喷施褪黑素可在水稻稳产的前提下提高水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力，为稻虾共作模式下水稻抗倒栽培调控提供理论和实践指导。

关键词: 褪黑素, 抗倒伏, 产量形成, 稻虾共作, 植物生长调节剂

Abstract:

Lodging is a bottleneck problem of restricting the high quality and high yield of rice （Oryza sativa L.） under the rice-crayfish coculture. To study the effect of exogenous melatonin spraying on the lodging characteristics of rice stems under rice-crayfish coculture， ‘Nanjing 5718’ was as the experimental material， and the experiment set two treatments： 200 μmol·L^-1 melatonin foliar-spraying ^{at the early stage of jointing （MT） and control treatment （CK）. The morphology index， culm mechanics index， culm chemical composition content， rice yield and the expression levels of key genes for lignin and cellulose biosynthesis under different treatments were determined. The results showed that the rice yield of MT treatment was 9 261 kg·hm^-2， which had no significant difference with CK treatment， however， the spikelets per panicle of MT treatment significantly increased than that of CK， while the effective panicles and seed setting rate significantly decreased. Compared with CK treatment， the plant height， panicle length and gravity center height of MT treatment significantly decreased by 13.04%， 14.91% and 22.93%， respectively. The flexural resistance and breaking strength of the second internode significantly increased by 22.39% and 22.34%， and bending moment and lodging index significantly decreased by 20.61% and 35.03%. And the expression levels of key genes for lignin and cellulose biosynthesis including OsCoMT， OsCesA4， OsCesA7 and OsCesA9 genes were upregulated under MT treatment. Correlation analysis showed that the lodging index of MT treatment was extremely significantly positively correlated with plant height， panicle length， and length from breaking point to panicle top， and was significantly negatively correlated with flexural resistance， breaking strength， and bending stress. In conclusion， spraying melatonin could improve the lodging resistance of rice stem under the premise of stable rice production in the rice-crayfish coculture mode， which provided theoretical and practical guidance for the regulation of rice lodging resistance under the rice-crayfish coculture mode.}

Key words: melatonin, lodging resistance, yield formation, rice-crayfish coculture, plant growth regulator

中图分类号:

S511.5

周影, 李京咏, 戴林秀, 敖弟彩, 李梓逸, 杨帆, 顾军伟, 徐强, 窦志, 高辉. 稻虾共作模式下喷施褪黑素对水稻产量形成和抗倒伏特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(9): 34-42.

Ying ZHOU, Jingyong LI, Linxiu DAI, Dicai AO, Ziyi LI, Fan YANG, Junwei GU, Qiang XU, Zhi DOU, Hui GAO. Effect of Melatonin Spraying on Rice Yield Formation and Lodging Resistance Under Rice-Crayfish Coculture Mode[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(9): 34-42.

图/表 8

图1 2022年研究区水稻生长季的平均温度、风速和降雨量

Fig. 1 Average temperature， wind speed and rainfall during the rice growing season in the study area in 2022

表1 不同处理下的水稻产量及其构成因素

Table 1 Yield and yield factors under different treatments

指标Indicates	CK	MT	t值t value
有效穗数Panicles number/（10⁴·hm^-2）	329.22±7.41	299.29±7.41	4.95^**
穗粒数Spikelets per panicle	134.34±3.06	147.79±3.61	-4.92^**
结实率Seed setting rate/%	94.57±1.00	92.79±0.39	2.87^*
千粒重1 000-grain weight/g	30.12±0.48	30.83±0.21	-2.35
产量Yield/（kg·hm^-2）	9 838±455	9 261±287	2.76

表2 不同处理下的水稻植株形态特性

Table 2 Morphological traits of rice plants under different treatments

指标Index	CK	MT	t值t value
株高Plant height/cm	98.80±3.50	85.92±2.48	-6.00^**
鲜重Fresh weight/g	21.95±2.16	21.40±1.34	-0.43
单穗重Panicle weight/g	4.24±0.51	3.59±0.44	-1.90
穗颈高度Panicle length/cm	81.58±4.10	69.42±2.75	-4.92^**
重心高Gravity center height/cm	46.35±3.04	35.72±2.02	-5.82^**
茎粗Culm diameter/mm	5.16±0.39	4.89±0.30	-1.09
壁厚Culm wall thickness/mm	0.80±0.29	0.69±0.05	-0.82
茎重比Culm density/（mg·cm^-1）	51.03±2.27	72.99±1.82	-7.56^**
叶鞘重比Leaf sheath density/（mg·cm^-1）	27.23±2.05	32.98±2.31	-1.86

图2 不同处理下水稻植株形态特征注：a1—短轴外径；a2—短轴内径；b1—长轴外径；b2—长轴内径；N1~N7表示基部第1~第7节间；*表示差异显著（P<0.05），ns表示差异不显著（P>0.05）。

Fig. 2 Morphological traits of rice plants under different treatmentsNote： a1—Outer diameters of minor axis； a2—Inner diameters of minor axis； b1—Outer diameters of major axis； b2—Inner diameters of major axis； N1~N7 indicate 1st~7th internode； * indicates significant difference （P<0.05）， and ns indicates no significant difference （P>0.05）.

表3 不同处理下茎秆基部第2节间力学特性

Table 3 Mechanical traits of internode N2 of rice stem under different treatments

指标Index	CK	MT	t值t value
抗折力Flexural resistance/N	15.01±0.97	18.37±0.31	5.82^**
折断弯矩Breaking strength/（g·cm）	3 003±195	3 674±62	5.82^**
断面系数Section modulus/mm	9.98±3.60	7.94±1.31	-1.11
弯曲应力Bending stress/（g·mm^-2）	3 359±1 385	4 702±823	1.71
弯曲力矩Bending moment by whole plant/（g·cm）	2 043±240	1 622±78	-2.94^**
折断部位至穗顶的鲜重FW/g	20.61±1.99	19.79±0.67	-0.68
折断部位至穗顶的距离SL/cm	94.13±3.70	81.85±1.89	-5.04^**
倒伏指数Lodging index/%	68.02±6.77	44.19±2.37	-5.76^**

表4 不同处理下水稻茎秆基部第2节间化学成分

Table 4 Chemical composition of Internode N2 of rice stem under different treatments

指标Index		CK	MT	t值t value
可溶性糖Soluble sugar/（mg·g^-1）	茎Culm	68.21±3.28	83.01±12.25	-2.02
可溶性糖Soluble sugar/（mg·g^-1）	鞘Leaf sheath	58.87±7.84	70.34±7.06	-1.88
淀粉Starch/（mg·g^-1）	茎Culm	95.45±0.21	105.92±0.48	-1.99
淀粉Starch/（mg·g^-1）	鞘Leaf sheath	27.91±0.05	56.51±0.06	-37.14^**
木质素Lignin/%	茎Culm	15.21±0.31	24.43±0.20	25.07^**
木质素Lignin/%	鞘Leaf sheath	13.56±0.26	22.61±0.09	33.42^**
纤维素Cellulose/%	茎Culm	15.69±1.20	25.66±2.31	3.90^*
纤维素Cellulose/%	鞘Leaf sheath	24.79±1.30	32.80±0.54	5.72^**

图3 不同处理下水稻茎秆基部第2节间木质素和纤维素生物合成相关基因相对表达量

Fig. 3 Relative expression of genes related to lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in internode N2 of rice stems under different treatments

图4 喷施褪黑素处理下水稻茎秆特性与倒伏特性的相关性分析注：PH—株高；PL—穗颈高度；GCH—重心高；CD—节间粗度；TCW—茎壁厚度；F—抗折力；M—折断弯矩；Z—断面系数；BS—弯曲应力；WP—弯曲力矩；FW—折断部位至穗顶鲜重；SL—折断部位至穗顶距离；LI—倒伏指数；MWL—木质素；CEL—纤维素；SS—可溶性糖；S—淀粉； *和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平相关显著。

Fig. 4 Correlation analysis between culm and lodging characteristics of rice under melatonin treatmentNote： PH—Plant height； PL—Panicle length； GCH—Gravity center high； CD—Culm diameter； TCW—Culm wall thickness； F—Flexural resistance； M—Breaking strength； Z—Section modulus； BS—Bending stress； WP—Bending moment by whole plant； FW—Fresh weight from breaking point to panicle top； SL—Length from breaking point to panicle top； LI—Lodging index； MWL—Lignin； CEL—Cellulose； SS—Soluble sugars； S—Starch， * and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively.

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