孕穗期低温对水稻叶片生理、产量的影响及外源褪黑素缓解效应

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0172

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明孕穗期低温胁迫对不同品种水稻叶片生理特性和结实率的影响差异及外源褪黑素（melatonin，MT）对低温胁迫的缓解效应，以2个耐冷性不同的水稻品种龙粳11（LJ11，冷敏型）和龙稻5（LD5，耐冷型）为材料进行盆栽试验，于孕穗期分别进行低温（16 ℃）以及喷施100 μmol·L^-1的MT处理，以室外温度、喷施清水为对照，探讨低温和外源MT对水稻叶片膜质过氧化、渗透调节、抗氧化酶活性等生理指标和结实率的影响。结果表明，低温胁迫下，耐冷型品种龙稻5的结实率变化较小，冷敏型品种龙粳11的结实率显著降低了5.96%~45.26%；龙稻5和龙粳11叶片中丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）和过氧化氢（hydrogen peroxide， H₂O₂）含量均显著提高，超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）活性均显著提高。同时低温胁迫也导致渗透调节物质含量增加，龙稻5和龙粳11叶片中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量均显著提高。叶面喷施外源MT能够有效缓解低温对水稻的伤害，对冷敏品种效果更为明显，可显著降低龙粳11叶片内MDA和H₂O₂含量；显著提高SOD和POD活性；可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量也显著增加。叶面喷施外源MT也可减轻低温对结实率的影响，龙粳11结实率极显著提高了3.13%~16.64%。综上，低温胁迫下MT能够诱导水稻叶片内抗氧化酶活性提高、渗透调节物质显著增加，有效地清除活性氧，进而提高了水稻的抗寒性。

关键词: 外源褪黑素, 孕穗期低温, 水稻, 结实率, 叶片生理

Abstract:

To reveal the influence of low temperature on the seed-setting rate and physiological characteristics， and alleviating effect of exogenous melatonin （MT） on low temperature stress at the booting stage， 2 different cold tolerance rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivars Longjing 11 （cold sensitive， LJ11） and Longdao 5 （cold tolerant， LD5） were planted for a pot experiment. They were treated with low temperature （16 ℃） and 100 μmol·L^-1 melatonin （MT） spraying respectively at starching stage， and the same amount of water sprayed at outdoor temperature was used as control. The results showed that under low temperature stress， the seed setting rate of LD5 did not change much， the seed setting rate of LJ11 decreased significantly by 5.96%~45.26%. And in the leaves of both LD5 and LJ11， malondialdehyde （MDA） and hydrogen peroxide （H₂O₂） contents were significantly increased， superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） activities significantly increased. At the same time， low temperature stress could also increase the contents of osmotic regulators. The contents of soluble protein， soluble sugar and proline in the leaves both of LD5 and LJ11 were significantly increased， respectively. Foliar spraying of exogenous MT could effectively alleviate the damage of low temperature to rice， and the effect was more obvious on cold-sensitive varieties. It could significantly reduce the contents of MDA and H₂O₂， and it could significantly increase SOD and POD activities. In addition， the soluble sugar， soluble protein and proline contents of LJ11 significantly increased. Foliar spraying of exogenous MT could also reduce the effect of low temperature on the seed setting rate， and the seed setting rate of LJ11 significantly increased by 3.13%~16.64%. In conclusion， under low temperature stress， MT could induce the increase of antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substances in rice leaves， and effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species， thereby improving the cold resistance of rice.

Key words: exogenous melatonin, low temperature at booting stage, rice, seed setting rate, leaf physiology

中图分类号:

S511

单莉莉. 孕穗期低温对水稻叶片生理、产量的影响及外源褪黑素缓解效应[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(9): 23-33.

Lili SHAN. Effects of Low Temperature During Booting Stage on Rice Physiology and Alleviating Effect of Exogenous Melatonin[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(9): 23-33.

图/表 10

表1 试验设计

Table 1 Test design scheme

处理

Treatment

药剂

Pesticide

温度

Temperature

常温 Normal temperature

表2 不同处理下水稻的结实率 (%)

Table 2 Seed-setting of rice under different treatments

材料 Material	处理Treatment	处理天数 Days after treating/d
材料 Material	处理Treatment	1	2	3	4	5
龙稻5 LD5	T1	99.24±0.04 Aa	99.25±0.04 Aa	99.27±0.06 Aa	99.22±0.11 Aa	99.24±0.07 Aa
	T2	99.34±0.05 Aa	99.31±0.04 Aa	99.22±0.05 Aa	99.22±0.11 Aa	99.21±0.07 Aa
	CK	99.41±0.03 Aa	99.41±0.03 Aa	99.41±0.03 Aa	99.41±0.05 Aa	99.41±0.01 Aa
龙粳11 LJ11	T1	62.95±0.08 Bb	60.89±0.08 Bb	56.71±0.41 Bb	51.44±0.64 Bb	38.74±0.45 Bb
	T2	61.04±0.09 Cc	56.48±0.07 Cc	50.76±0.48 Cc	44.10±0.36 Cc	35.53±0.35 Cc
	CK	64.91±0.15 Aa	64.91±0.07 Aa	64.91±0.26 Aa	64.91±0.35 Aa	64.91±0.21 Aa

图1 不同处理下水稻叶片的丙二醛含量注：不同大、小写字母分别表示同一品种不同处理间在P<0.01和P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 MDA content in leaves of rice under different treatmentsNote： Different capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same variety at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels， respectively.

图2 不同处理下水稻叶片的过氧化氢含量注：不同大、小写字母分别表示同一品种不同处理间在P<0.01和P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 H2O2 content in leaves of rice under different treatmentsNote： Different capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences between differnet treatments in same variety at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels， respectively.

图3 不同处理下水稻叶片的超氧化物歧化酶活性注：不同大、小写字母分别表示同一品种不同处理间在P<0.01和P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 SOD activity in leaves of rice under different treatmentsNote： Different capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same variety at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels， respectively.

图4 不同处理下水稻叶片的过氧化物酶活性注：不同大、小写字母分别表示同一品种不同处理间在P<0.01和P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 POD activity in leaves of rice under different treatmentsNote： Different capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences between differnet treatments in same variety column at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels， respectively.

表3 不同处理下水稻叶片的SOD/POD比值

Table 3 SOD/POD ratio in leaves of rice under different treatments

材料 Material	处理 Treatment	处理天数Days after treating/d
材料 Material	处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	5
龙稻5 LD5	T1	25.01±0.26 Bc	20.96±0.12 Cc	18.62±0.13 Bc	15.94±0.13 Cc	20.49±0.12 Cc
	T2	28.74±0.40 Ab	22.54±0.06 Bb	19.56±0.06 Bb	17.19±0.09 Bb	22.68±0.06 Bb
	CK	30.35±0.15 Aa	30.04±0.06 Aa	30.68±0.18 Aa	30.24±0.19 Aa	31.03±0.17 Aa
龙粳11 LJ11	T1	32.06±0.14 Cc	24.25±0.18 Bc	20.28±0.04 Bc	17.92±0.18 Bb	25.09±0.21 Bb
	T2	33.52±0.17 Bb	25.13±0.07 Bb	20.95±0.12 Bb	18.60±0.10 Bb	25.73±0.33 Bb
	CK	36.18±0.05 Aa	35.83±0.24 Aa	35.26±0.16 Aa	35.46±0.28 Aa	35.72±0.50 Aa

图5 不同处理下水稻叶片的可溶性蛋白的含量注：不同大、小写字母分别表示同一品种不同处理间在P<0.01和P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Soluble protein content in leaves of rice under different treatmentsNote： Different capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same variety at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels， respectively.

图6 不同处理下水稻叶片的可溶性糖的含量注：不同大、小写字母分别表示同一品种不同处理间在P<0.01和P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 6 Soluble sugar content in leaves of rice under different treatmentsNote： Different capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same variety at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels， respectively.

图7 不同处理下水稻叶片的脯氨酸的含量注：不同大、小写字母分别表示同一品种不同处理间在P<0.01和P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 7 Proline content in leaves of rice under different treatmentsNote：Different capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences between differnet treatments in same variety at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels， respectively.

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