中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 176-185.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0850
• 生物制造 资源生态 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2020-10-11
接受日期:
2021-01-30
出版日期:
2022-03-15
发布日期:
2022-03-14
作者简介:
何振嘉 Email:471128226@qq.com
基金资助:
Zhenjia HE(), Wangtao FAN, Yichun DU, Qilong WANG
Received:
2020-10-11
Accepted:
2021-01-30
Online:
2022-03-15
Published:
2022-03-14
摘要:
为研究不同水肥耦合条件对有机重构土体土壤理化性质以及水稻生长发育和产量的影响,以陕西省韩城市下峪口土体有机重构土壤为试验基础,设置了3个灌溉水平:高水4 500 m3·hm-2(W1)、适水3 750 m3·hm-2(W2)和节水3 000 m3·hm-2(W3);3个施肥水平:高肥162 kg·hm-2(F1)、中肥135 kg·hm-2(F2)以及低肥108 kg·hm-2(F3),共计9个处理,研究不同处理下土壤的理化性质以及水稻生长发育和产量的差异。结果表明,W2F1处理对土壤物理性质的改善效果较好,其土壤总孔隙度、大团聚体、水稳性团聚体以及微团聚体分别为48.16%、92.42%、28.47%和3.52%,均处在较高水平;且土壤pH和电导率均低于其他处理,分别为7.8和173 μs·cm-1。W2F2处理的保肥性能最佳,其土壤有机质含量、NH
中图分类号:
何振嘉, 范王涛, 杜宜春, 王启龙. 基于土体有机重构的水肥耦合对土壤理化性质和水稻产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(3): 176-185.
Zhenjia HE, Wangtao FAN, Yichun DU, Qilong WANG. Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Rice Soil and Yield Based on Soil Organic Reconstruction[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(3): 176-185.
土层 Soil layer/cm | 土壤粒径比例 Proportion soil particle size/% | pH | 电导率Conductivity/(μs·cm-1) | 有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg-1) | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ (g·kg-1) | 有效磷含量Available phosphorus content/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾含量Available potassium content/ (mg·kg-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(2~0.02] mm | (0.02~ 0.002] mm | <0.002 mm | |||||||
0—10 | 14.19 | 72.52 | 13.29 | 8.36±0.12 | 266.5±11.38 | 6.83±0.17 | 0.71±0.04 | 6.28±1.02 | 132.45±3.28 |
10—20 | 13.50 | 74.27 | 12.16 | 8.34±0.25 | 229.6±15.54 | 5.59±0.25 | 0.94±0.05 | 4.56±0.86 | 98.54±9.65 |
20—30 | 12.37 | 76.51 | 11.12 | 8.24±0.18 | 152.7±22.45 | 4.13±0.12 | 0.50±0.02 | 4.21±0.45 | 67.36±11.25 |
表1 试验区土壤理化指标
Table 1 Soil physical and chemical indicators in the test area
土层 Soil layer/cm | 土壤粒径比例 Proportion soil particle size/% | pH | 电导率Conductivity/(μs·cm-1) | 有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg-1) | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ (g·kg-1) | 有效磷含量Available phosphorus content/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾含量Available potassium content/ (mg·kg-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(2~0.02] mm | (0.02~ 0.002] mm | <0.002 mm | |||||||
0—10 | 14.19 | 72.52 | 13.29 | 8.36±0.12 | 266.5±11.38 | 6.83±0.17 | 0.71±0.04 | 6.28±1.02 | 132.45±3.28 |
10—20 | 13.50 | 74.27 | 12.16 | 8.34±0.25 | 229.6±15.54 | 5.59±0.25 | 0.94±0.05 | 4.56±0.86 | 98.54±9.65 |
20—30 | 12.37 | 76.51 | 11.12 | 8.24±0.18 | 152.7±22.45 | 4.13±0.12 | 0.50±0.02 | 4.21±0.45 | 67.36±11.25 |
处理Treatment | 返青期 Rejuvenation period | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing period | 抽穗期 Heading date | 成熟期 Maturity | 灌水总量 Irrigation amount | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 1 200 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 300 | 300 | 450 | 450 | 4 500 |
W2 | 1 000 | 375 | 375 | 375 | 375 | 250 | 250 | 375 | 375 | 3 750 |
W3 | 800 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 200 | 200 | 300 | 300 | 3 000 |
表2 不同生育期的灌水量 (m3·hm-2)
Table 2 Amount of irrigation in different growth periods
处理Treatment | 返青期 Rejuvenation period | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing period | 抽穗期 Heading date | 成熟期 Maturity | 灌水总量 Irrigation amount | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 1 200 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 300 | 300 | 450 | 450 | 4 500 |
W2 | 1 000 | 375 | 375 | 375 | 375 | 250 | 250 | 375 | 375 | 3 750 |
W3 | 800 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 200 | 200 | 300 | 300 | 3 000 |
处理 Treatment | 肥料类型Fertilizer type | 基肥 Base fertilizer | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 成熟期 Maturity stage | 施肥总量Fertilization amount |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | N | 15.0 | 35.4 | 14.4 | 7.2 | 72.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 28.0 | 12.5 | — | 60.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 16.25 | — | 30.0 | |
F2 | N | 15.0 | 27.0 | 12.0 | 6.0 | 60.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 10.0 | — | 50.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 10.0 | — | 25.0 | |
F3 | N | 15.0 | 18.6 | 9.6 | 4.8 | 48.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 12.0 | 8.0 | — | 40.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 5.0 | — | 20.0 |
表3 不同生育期的施肥量 (kg·hm-2)
Table 3 Amount of fertilization in different growth stages
处理 Treatment | 肥料类型Fertilizer type | 基肥 Base fertilizer | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 成熟期 Maturity stage | 施肥总量Fertilization amount |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | N | 15.0 | 35.4 | 14.4 | 7.2 | 72.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 28.0 | 12.5 | — | 60.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 16.25 | — | 30.0 | |
F2 | N | 15.0 | 27.0 | 12.0 | 6.0 | 60.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 10.0 | — | 50.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 10.0 | — | 25.0 | |
F3 | N | 15.0 | 18.6 | 9.6 | 4.8 | 48.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 12.0 | 8.0 | — | 40.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 5.0 | — | 20.0 |
处理 Treatment | pH | 电导率 Conductivity/ (μs·cm-1) | 总孔隙度 Total porosity/% | 大团聚体 Large aggregates/% | 水稳性团聚体 Water stable aggregates/% | 微团聚体Microaggregates/ % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 8.1±0.2 a | 209±12.35 b | 48.47±3.23 ab | 92.38±2.74 b | 28.58±1.65 a | 3.47±0.07 b |
W1F2 | 8.1±0.2 a | 195±11.77 b | 48.54±3.14 ab | 91.19±2.67 c | 25.68±1.32 b | 3.35±0.11 bc |
W1F3 | 8.0±0.2 a | 244±13.33 a | 46.32±3.22 c | 91.22±2.32 c | 24.84±1.56 c | 3.23±0.08 c |
W2F1 | 7.8±0.1 a | 173±11.02 c | 48.16±3.14 ab | 92.42±2.17 b | 28.47±1.42 a | 3.52±0.13 ab |
W2F2 | 7.9±0.1 b | 178±12.87 c | 47.43±2.84 b | 93.54±2.44 a | 28.68±2.05 a | 3.43±0.13 b |
W2F3 | 8.2±0.1 a | 187±15.47 c | 46.78±2.58 c | 93.35±2.83 a | 26.87±1.76 ab | 3.30±0.11 c |
W3F1 | 8.0±0.1 a | 197±14.54 b | 49.77±3.32 a | 91.66±2.58 c | 28.84±1.83 a | 3.62±0.18 a |
W3F2 | 7.9±0.1 a | 200±14.57 b | 48.72±2.98 ab | 92.54±2.55 b | 24.18±1.69 c | 3.55±0.10 ab |
W3F3 | 8.0±0.1 a | 229±15.74 b | 47.68±3.09 b | 90.74±2.34 d | 23.78±1.56 c | 3.34±0.12 c |
灌水 Water | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | * | * | * | * | ** |
Water×fertilizer | NS | * | NS | * | * | ** |
表4 水肥耦合下有机重构土的土壤物理性质
Table 4 Soil physical properties of organically reconstituted soil under coupling of water and fertilizer
处理 Treatment | pH | 电导率 Conductivity/ (μs·cm-1) | 总孔隙度 Total porosity/% | 大团聚体 Large aggregates/% | 水稳性团聚体 Water stable aggregates/% | 微团聚体Microaggregates/ % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 8.1±0.2 a | 209±12.35 b | 48.47±3.23 ab | 92.38±2.74 b | 28.58±1.65 a | 3.47±0.07 b |
W1F2 | 8.1±0.2 a | 195±11.77 b | 48.54±3.14 ab | 91.19±2.67 c | 25.68±1.32 b | 3.35±0.11 bc |
W1F3 | 8.0±0.2 a | 244±13.33 a | 46.32±3.22 c | 91.22±2.32 c | 24.84±1.56 c | 3.23±0.08 c |
W2F1 | 7.8±0.1 a | 173±11.02 c | 48.16±3.14 ab | 92.42±2.17 b | 28.47±1.42 a | 3.52±0.13 ab |
W2F2 | 7.9±0.1 b | 178±12.87 c | 47.43±2.84 b | 93.54±2.44 a | 28.68±2.05 a | 3.43±0.13 b |
W2F3 | 8.2±0.1 a | 187±15.47 c | 46.78±2.58 c | 93.35±2.83 a | 26.87±1.76 ab | 3.30±0.11 c |
W3F1 | 8.0±0.1 a | 197±14.54 b | 49.77±3.32 a | 91.66±2.58 c | 28.84±1.83 a | 3.62±0.18 a |
W3F2 | 7.9±0.1 a | 200±14.57 b | 48.72±2.98 ab | 92.54±2.55 b | 24.18±1.69 c | 3.55±0.10 ab |
W3F3 | 8.0±0.1 a | 229±15.74 b | 47.68±3.09 b | 90.74±2.34 d | 23.78±1.56 c | 3.34±0.12 c |
灌水 Water | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | * | * | * | * | ** |
Water×fertilizer | NS | * | NS | * | * | ** |
处理 Treatment | 有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg-1) | NO (mg·kg-1) | NH (mg·kg-1) | 有效磷Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾Available potassium/ (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 9.15±1.42 d | 112.43±4.32 b | 31.21±2.46 b | 12.62±1.42 d | 123.42±8.42 c |
W1F2 | 8.74±1.03 d | 102.42±2.13 c | 32.32±2.17 b | 13.32±0.97 d | 125.27±6.67 c |
W1F3 | 12.85±1.18 b | 109.60±4.12 c | 21.76±2.11 c | 10.69±1.12 d | 120.17±8.87 c |
W2F1 | 14.42±1.13 a | 110.43±2.25 b | 40.73±2.54 a | 20.41±1.96 a | 143.32±8.38 a |
W2F2 | 14.35±1.26 a | 112.45±4.68 b | 37.32±2.87 a | 19.62±1.88 a | 145.64±9.21 a |
W2F3 | 12.73±1.17 b | 122.21±4.32 a | 32.42±2.43 b | 17.25±1.76 b | 138.78±9.32 b |
W3F1 | 10.66±0.97 c | 128.21±2.19 a | 29.53±2.26 b | 15.52±1.03 c | 132.42±7.87 b |
W3F2 | 11.98±1.22 c | 119.60±4.12 ab | 21.76±2.11 c | 14.69±1.12 c | 120.17±8.87 c |
W3F3 | 12.84±1.03 b | 129.01±1.65 a | 23.23±1.95 c | 14.62±0.89 c | 131.25±5.64 b |
灌水 Water | * | * | NS | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | NS | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | ** | NS | * | * | * |
表5 水肥耦合下有机重构土的土壤养分
Table 5 Soil nutrients of organically reconstituted soil under coupling of water and fertilizer
处理 Treatment | 有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg-1) | NO (mg·kg-1) | NH (mg·kg-1) | 有效磷Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾Available potassium/ (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 9.15±1.42 d | 112.43±4.32 b | 31.21±2.46 b | 12.62±1.42 d | 123.42±8.42 c |
W1F2 | 8.74±1.03 d | 102.42±2.13 c | 32.32±2.17 b | 13.32±0.97 d | 125.27±6.67 c |
W1F3 | 12.85±1.18 b | 109.60±4.12 c | 21.76±2.11 c | 10.69±1.12 d | 120.17±8.87 c |
W2F1 | 14.42±1.13 a | 110.43±2.25 b | 40.73±2.54 a | 20.41±1.96 a | 143.32±8.38 a |
W2F2 | 14.35±1.26 a | 112.45±4.68 b | 37.32±2.87 a | 19.62±1.88 a | 145.64±9.21 a |
W2F3 | 12.73±1.17 b | 122.21±4.32 a | 32.42±2.43 b | 17.25±1.76 b | 138.78±9.32 b |
W3F1 | 10.66±0.97 c | 128.21±2.19 a | 29.53±2.26 b | 15.52±1.03 c | 132.42±7.87 b |
W3F2 | 11.98±1.22 c | 119.60±4.12 ab | 21.76±2.11 c | 14.69±1.12 c | 120.17±8.87 c |
W3F3 | 12.84±1.03 b | 129.01±1.65 a | 23.23±1.95 c | 14.62±0.89 c | 131.25±5.64 b |
灌水 Water | * | * | NS | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | NS | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | ** | NS | * | * | * |
处理Treatment | 株高 Plant height/cm | 分蘖数Number of tillers | 单穗穗粒数Number of grains per spike | 每平方米 穗数Ears per square meter | 百粒重 100 grain weight/g | 理论产量 Theoretical output /(kg·hm-2) | 实际产量 Actual production /(kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 75.43±2.6 a | 18.64±1.5 a | 93±3.2 b | 336±13.7 b | 1.74±0.03 c | 5 440.5±155.23 b | 4 961.25±150.65 bc |
W1F2 | 74.22±3.6 ab | 17.53±1.3 ab | 96±2.8 ab | 312±14.8 c | 1.86±0.04 b | 5 573.25±152.25 b | 4 842.00±142.36 bc |
W1F3 | 70.26±2.8 c | 16.33±1.2 b | 97±2.6 ab | 311±14.5 b | 1.89±0.03 b | 5 703.75±142.36 ab | 5 118.75±135.74 b |
W2F1 | 75.18±3.1 a | 14.25±1.1 cd | 90±2.6 c | 308±13.3 d | 1.92±0.02 ab | 6 000.75±136.54 ab | 5 403.25±125.69 ab |
W2F2 | 73.28±3.3 ab | 15.25±1.1 c | 97±3.2 ab | 352±15.6 a | 2.03±0.05 a | 6 934.50±112.57 a | 5 688.00±125.58 a |
W2F3 | 72.31±2.5 b | 14.62±1.3 cd | 100±3.4 a | 322±13.5 c | 1.87±0.07 b | 6 023.25±136.54 ab | 5 258.25±134.41 ab |
W3F1 | 75.25±2.6 a | 15.23±1.4 c | 95±4.1 ab | 341±13.3 bc | 1.88±0.06 b | 6 093.00±147.25 ab | 5 138.25±129.08 b |
W3F2 | 74.23±2.1 ab | 14.12±1.3 cd | 98±3.4 ab | 316±13.8 d | 1.73±0.04 c | 5 359.50±118.69 c | 4 518.00±128.34 c |
W3F3 | 74.11±2.7 ab | 13.55±1.3 d | 94±2.7 ab | 323±13.4 c | 1.68±0.08 d | 5 103.00±126.54 c | 4 758.75±112.58 c |
灌水 Water | NS | * | NS | NS | * | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | NS | * | NS | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | * | NS | NS | NS | ** | ** | ** |
表6 水肥耦合下有机重构土的水稻生长和产量
Table 6 Rice growth and yield in organically reconstituted soil under coupling of water and fertilizer
处理Treatment | 株高 Plant height/cm | 分蘖数Number of tillers | 单穗穗粒数Number of grains per spike | 每平方米 穗数Ears per square meter | 百粒重 100 grain weight/g | 理论产量 Theoretical output /(kg·hm-2) | 实际产量 Actual production /(kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 75.43±2.6 a | 18.64±1.5 a | 93±3.2 b | 336±13.7 b | 1.74±0.03 c | 5 440.5±155.23 b | 4 961.25±150.65 bc |
W1F2 | 74.22±3.6 ab | 17.53±1.3 ab | 96±2.8 ab | 312±14.8 c | 1.86±0.04 b | 5 573.25±152.25 b | 4 842.00±142.36 bc |
W1F3 | 70.26±2.8 c | 16.33±1.2 b | 97±2.6 ab | 311±14.5 b | 1.89±0.03 b | 5 703.75±142.36 ab | 5 118.75±135.74 b |
W2F1 | 75.18±3.1 a | 14.25±1.1 cd | 90±2.6 c | 308±13.3 d | 1.92±0.02 ab | 6 000.75±136.54 ab | 5 403.25±125.69 ab |
W2F2 | 73.28±3.3 ab | 15.25±1.1 c | 97±3.2 ab | 352±15.6 a | 2.03±0.05 a | 6 934.50±112.57 a | 5 688.00±125.58 a |
W2F3 | 72.31±2.5 b | 14.62±1.3 cd | 100±3.4 a | 322±13.5 c | 1.87±0.07 b | 6 023.25±136.54 ab | 5 258.25±134.41 ab |
W3F1 | 75.25±2.6 a | 15.23±1.4 c | 95±4.1 ab | 341±13.3 bc | 1.88±0.06 b | 6 093.00±147.25 ab | 5 138.25±129.08 b |
W3F2 | 74.23±2.1 ab | 14.12±1.3 cd | 98±3.4 ab | 316±13.8 d | 1.73±0.04 c | 5 359.50±118.69 c | 4 518.00±128.34 c |
W3F3 | 74.11±2.7 ab | 13.55±1.3 d | 94±2.7 ab | 323±13.4 c | 1.68±0.08 d | 5 103.00±126.54 c | 4 758.75±112.58 c |
灌水 Water | NS | * | NS | NS | * | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | NS | * | NS | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | * | NS | NS | NS | ** | ** | ** |
处理 Treatments | 产量 Yield/(kg·hm-2) | 投入 Input/(yuan·hm-2) | 收益 Income/(yuan·hm-2) | 净收益 Net income/(yuan·hm-2) | 投入产出比Inputoutput ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 4 961.25 bc | 16 649.70 a | 22 326.75 c | 5 677.05 d | 0.75 a |
W1F2 | 4 842.00 bc | 16 599.75 a | 21 789.00 c | 5 189.25 d | 0.76 a |
W1F3 | 5 118.75 b | 16 549.80 a | 23 034.38 bc | 6 484.58 c | 0.72 ab |
W2F1 | 5 403.25 ab | 16 049.70 a | 24 314.63 b | 8 264.93 ab | 0.66 b |
W2F2 | 5 688.00 a | 15 999.75 b | 25 506.00 a | 9 506.25 a | 0.63 c |
W2F3 | 5 258.25 b | 15 949.80 b | 23 662.13 bc | 7 712.33 b | 0.67 b |
W3F1 | 5 138.25 b | 15 449.70 b | 23 122.13 bc | 7 672.43 b | 0.67 b |
W3F2 | 4 518.00 c | 15 399.75 b | 20 331.00 c | 4 931.25 e | 0.76 a |
W3F3 | 4 758.75 c | 15 349.80 b | 21 414.38 c | 6 064.58 c | 0.72 ab |
灌水 Water | * | ** | * | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | ** | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | ** | ** | * | ** | ** |
表7 水肥耦合下有机重构土的水稻经济效益以吸收、富集土壤中多余的盐
Table 7 Rice economic benefits of organically reconstituted soil under the coupling of water and fertilizer
处理 Treatments | 产量 Yield/(kg·hm-2) | 投入 Input/(yuan·hm-2) | 收益 Income/(yuan·hm-2) | 净收益 Net income/(yuan·hm-2) | 投入产出比Inputoutput ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 4 961.25 bc | 16 649.70 a | 22 326.75 c | 5 677.05 d | 0.75 a |
W1F2 | 4 842.00 bc | 16 599.75 a | 21 789.00 c | 5 189.25 d | 0.76 a |
W1F3 | 5 118.75 b | 16 549.80 a | 23 034.38 bc | 6 484.58 c | 0.72 ab |
W2F1 | 5 403.25 ab | 16 049.70 a | 24 314.63 b | 8 264.93 ab | 0.66 b |
W2F2 | 5 688.00 a | 15 999.75 b | 25 506.00 a | 9 506.25 a | 0.63 c |
W2F3 | 5 258.25 b | 15 949.80 b | 23 662.13 bc | 7 712.33 b | 0.67 b |
W3F1 | 5 138.25 b | 15 449.70 b | 23 122.13 bc | 7 672.43 b | 0.67 b |
W3F2 | 4 518.00 c | 15 399.75 b | 20 331.00 c | 4 931.25 e | 0.76 a |
W3F3 | 4 758.75 c | 15 349.80 b | 21 414.38 c | 6 064.58 c | 0.72 ab |
灌水 Water | * | ** | * | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | ** | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | ** | ** | * | ** | ** |
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11 | 吕艳东,郭晓红,李猛,等.膜下滴灌水肥耦合对寒地水稻产量构成因素及产量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(5):46-52. |
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12 | 陈涛涛,孙德环,张旭东,等.干湿交替灌溉下水氮耦合对沸石处理稻田产量和水氮利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(22):154-162. |
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19 | 臧明,雷宏军,潘红卫,等.增氧地下滴灌改善土壤通气性促进番茄生长[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(23):109-118. |
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