杂交水稻花粉收集装置气力输送系统仿真优化

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决杂交水稻父、母本分田种植下父本花粉机械化高效收集的问题，对杂交水稻花粉收集装置的关键部件气力输送系统进行了仿真优化研究。首先对系统建立了流体力学模型，进一步利用CFD-DPM（computational fluid dynamics-discrete phase model）结合响应面法以进粉管内径、吸粉口长度、吸粉口宽度为因素，系统内气流均匀性及全压差为指标，优化系统结构参数并加以验证。结果表明，进粉管内径、吸粉口长度、吸粉口宽度及内径和长度的交互作用、长度与宽度的交互作用对气力输送系统内气流均匀性及全压差影响显著；两指标均随内径的增加而增加，吸粉均匀性随长度和宽度的增加先增加后减小，全压差随长度和宽度的增加而增加。气力输送系统较优的参数组合为内径200.00 mm、长度564.40 mm、宽度192.48 mm，对优化后结构进行仿真，得到气流速度变异速度和全压差分别为16.03%、238.37 Pa，与预测结果的相对误差分别为4.91%、3.39%，较初始结构下两指标分别减少了56.29%、31.57%，说明优化效果明显。研究结果提供了杂交水稻花粉收集装置气力输送系统快速优化设计的方法，可为装置气力输送系统的优化设计提供参考。

关键词: 花粉, 杂交水稻, CFD-DPM, 响应面优化

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of mechanized and efficient collection of paternal pollen of hybrid rice， a hybrid rice pollen collection device was designed and the pneumatic conveying system was simulated and optimized. Firstly， the computational fluid dynamics-discrete phase model （CFD-DPM） was established for pneumatic conveying system. Furthermore， the CFD-DPM and the response surface method were combined to optimize and verify the system，which took the inner diameter of the tube， the length and width of the inlet as factors，and the air flow uniformity and total pressure difference as indexes. The results showed that the inner diameter， the length of the inlet，the width of the inlet， the interaction of inner diameter and length， and the interaction between length and width had significant effects on the airflow uniformity and total pressure difference in the system.The two indexes increased with the increase of the inner diameter， the uniformity of powder absorption first increased and then decreased with the increase of length and width， and the total pressure difference increased with the increase of length and width. The optimal parameter combination of pneumatic conveying system was 200.00 mm inner diameter， 564.40 mm length and 192.48 mm width. Simulation of the optimized system structure showed that the variable velocity and total pressure difference of airflow velocity were 16.03% and 238.37 Pa respectively. The relative errors were 4.91% and 3.39%， respectively. Compared with the initial structure， the two indexes were reduced by 56.29% and 31.57% respectively， indicating that the optimization effect was obvious. This study provided a method for rapid optimization design of pneumatic conveying system of hybrid rice pollen collection unit， and the results could provide reference for optimization design of pneumatic conveying system of hybrid rice pollen collection unit.

Key words: pollen, hybrid rice, CFD-DPM, response surface optimization

中图分类号:

S233.71

肖芬芳, 张从合, 王慧, 叶亚峰, 张道林, 汪和廷, 李波, 吴跃进, 刘斌美. 杂交水稻花粉收集装置气力输送系统仿真优化[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 110-122.

Fenfang XIAO, Conghe ZHANG, Hui WANG, Yafeng YE, Daolin ZHANG, Heting WANG, Bo LI, Yuejin WU, Binmei LIU. Simulation and Optimization of Pneumatic Conveying System for Hybrid Rice Pollen Collection Device[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(4): 110-122.

图/表 15

图1 气吸式杂交水稻花粉收集装置结构注：1—气力输送系统；2—排杂门；3—负压风机组件；4—过滤分离室；5—传送带；6—送粉通道；7—冷却干燥室；8—驾驶室；9—柴油发动机；10—转向启动机；11—转向轴套；12—转向轴；13—自走轮；14—液压升降系统；15—蓄电池；16—电机；17—冷却气罐。

Fig. 1 Structure of air-suction pollen collection deviceNote：1—Pneumatic conveying system； 2—Complicated door； 3—Negative pressure fan assembly； 4—Filtration separation chamber； 5—Conveyor belt； 6—Feeding channel； 7—Condensing kiln； 8—Cab； 9—Diesel； 10—Steering starter； 11—Steering column jacket； 12—Stub axle； 13—Wheels； 14—Hydraulic lift system； 15—Storage battery； 16—Electrical machinery； 17—Cooling tank.

图2 杂交水稻花粉收集装置气力输送系统结构注：1—进粉管；2—吸粉口。

Fig. 2 Structure of pneumatic conveying system of hybrid rice pollen collectionNote：1—Pollen intake pipe； 2— Pollen suction mouth.

图3 气力输送系统数值模型计算域

Fig. 3 Computational domain of numerical model of pneumatic conveying system

图4 带入口扩展域的气力输送系统物理模型注：1—入口拓展域。

Fig. 4 Physical model of pneumatic conveying system with inlet expansion domainNote：1—Expansion domain of entrance.

表1 Fluent仿真参数设置

Table 1 Fluent simulation parameter settings

指标 Index	具体参数 Specific psrameter	DPM边界条件 Boundary conditions of DPM
流体相Fluid phase	空气密度Density of air /（kg· $m - 3$ ）：1.225 空气粘度Viscosity of air/（kg· $m - 1 · s - 1)$ ：1.789 4e-5
离散相Dispersed phase	花粉密度Density of pollen/（kg· $m - 3$ ）：1 100 花粉平均直径Average diameter of pollen / $μ m$ ：50 花粉流量Flow of pollen/（kg· $s - 1$ ）：0.05 花粉入射速度Injection velocity of pollen/（m· $s - 1$ ）：3.5
压力入口Pressure inlet	表压Gauge pressure/（Pa）：-1 000	逃离Escape
压力出口Pressure outlet	表压Gauge pressure/（Pa）：0	捕捉Trap
固体壁面边界Wall	铝密度Density of aluminum/（kg· $m - 3$ ）：2 719	反射Reflect

表1 Fluent仿真参数设置

Table 1 Fluent simulation parameter settings

指标 Index	具体参数 Specific psrameter	DPM边界条件 Boundary conditions of DPM
流体相Fluid phase	空气密度Density of air /（kg· $m - 3$ ）：1.225 空气粘度Viscosity of air/（kg· $m - 1 · s - 1)$ ：1.789 4e-5
离散相Dispersed phase	花粉密度Density of pollen/（kg· $m - 3$ ）：1 100 花粉平均直径Average diameter of pollen / $μ m$ ：50 花粉流量Flow of pollen/（kg· $s - 1$ ）：0.05 花粉入射速度Injection velocity of pollen/（m· $s - 1$ ）：3.5
压力入口Pressure inlet	表压Gauge pressure/（Pa）：-1 000	逃离Escape
压力出口Pressure outlet	表压Gauge pressure/（Pa）：0	捕捉Trap
固体壁面边界Wall	铝密度Density of aluminum/（kg· $m - 3$ ）：2 719	反射Reflect

表2 主要因素变化范围及水平

Table 2 Variation range and level of main factors

结构参数Structure parameter	变化范围Range of variation
进粉管内径 D/mm	［100：25：200］
吸粉口长度 L/mm	［400：100：800］
吸粉口宽度 W/mm	［100：50：300］

表3 试验因素水平及编码

Table 3 Levels and codes of experimental factors

水平Level	进粉管内径 D/mm	吸粉口长度 L/mm	吸粉口宽度 W/mm
-1	150	500	150
0	175	600	200
1	200	700	250

表4 试验方案与结果

Table 4 Experiment plan and results

试验编号 Test number	进粉管内径 Diameter of the tube D/mm	吸粉口长度 Length of the inlet L/mm	吸粉口宽度 Width of the inlet W/mm	流速变异系数 Velocity variation coefficient CV/%	全压差 Differential pressure $∆ p / P a$
1	175	600	200	17.51	268.44
2	200	600	250	21.47	245.85
3	200	500	200	19.32	216.38
4	175	600	200	16.38	269.58
5	150	600	250	30.56	325.44
6	175	500	250	28.71	226.65
7	200	600	150	23.36	211.93
8	175	700	150	37.44	247.29
9	175	500	150	30.48	218.46
10	150	500	200	28.58	275.07
11	175	600	200	18.45	270.93
12	175	600	200	19.01	271.23
13	200	700	200	20.63	243.52
14	150	700	200	36.67	348.36
15	175	600	200	17.95	269.94
16	175	700	250	29.42	309.47
17	150	600	150	35.34	297.24

表4 试验方案与结果

Table 4 Experiment plan and results

试验编号 Test number	进粉管内径 Diameter of the tube D/mm	吸粉口长度 Length of the inlet L/mm	吸粉口宽度 Width of the inlet W/mm	流速变异系数 Velocity variation coefficient CV/%	全压差 Differential pressure $∆ p / P a$
1	175	600	200	17.51	268.44
2	200	600	250	21.47	245.85
3	200	500	200	19.32	216.38
4	175	600	200	16.38	269.58
5	150	600	250	30.56	325.44
6	175	500	250	28.71	226.65
7	200	600	150	23.36	211.93
8	175	700	150	37.44	247.29
9	175	500	150	30.48	218.46
10	150	500	200	28.58	275.07
11	175	600	200	18.45	270.93
12	175	600	200	19.01	271.23
13	200	700	200	20.63	243.52
14	150	700	200	36.67	348.36
15	175	600	200	17.95	269.94
16	175	700	250	29.42	309.47
17	150	600	150	35.34	297.24

图5 气力输送系统中心截面气流场A：压力云图；B：速度云图

Fig. 5 Air field of central sectionA：Pressure cloud；B：Velocity cloud

图6 气力输送系统内入射初速度（三维）为3.5 m·s-1时花粉运动轨迹

Fig. 6 Pollen particles in pneumatic conveying system when the initial incident velocity is 3.5 m·s-1

图7 不同结构参数下气流速度分布

Fig. 7 Airflow velocity distribution under different structural parameters

表5 不同变量下系统速度变异系数与全压差

Table 5 Variation coefficient and total pressure difference under different variables

变量 Variate	数值 Value	y：速度平均值 Average of velocity/（m·s^-1）	标准差 Standard deviation	流速变异系数 Velocity variation coefficient CV/%	全压差 Differential pressure $∆ p / P a$
D：进粉管内径 Diameter of the tube/mm	100	28.59	11.23	39.27	421.66
	125	27.40	8.39	30.64	395.83
	150	26.69	6.03	22.59	357.24
	175	28.70	5.13	17.86	269.71
	200	25.17	3.85	15.31	244.59
L：吸粉口长度 Length of the inlet/mm	400	19.15	6.35	33.21	236.12
	500	23.96	6.84	28.58	279.07
	600	26.69	7.55	28.32	314.58
	700	24.21	8.88	36.67	348.36
	800	22.88	9.33	40.79	367.54
W：吸粉口宽度 Width of the inlet/mm	100	21.48	8.92	41.53	265.89
	150	23.72	8.38	35.34	327.24
	200	26.69	7.33	27.47	368.62
	250	24.32	7.43	30.56	394.44
	300	22.98	7.65	33.29	423.97

表5 不同变量下系统速度变异系数与全压差

Table 5 Variation coefficient and total pressure difference under different variables

变量 Variate	数值 Value	y：速度平均值 Average of velocity/（m·s^-1）	标准差 Standard deviation	流速变异系数 Velocity variation coefficient CV/%	全压差 Differential pressure $∆ p / P a$
D：进粉管内径 Diameter of the tube/mm	100	28.59	11.23	39.27	421.66
	125	27.40	8.39	30.64	395.83
	150	26.69	6.03	22.59	357.24
	175	28.70	5.13	17.86	269.71
	200	25.17	3.85	15.31	244.59
L：吸粉口长度 Length of the inlet/mm	400	19.15	6.35	33.21	236.12
	500	23.96	6.84	28.58	279.07
	600	26.69	7.55	28.32	314.58
	700	24.21	8.88	36.67	348.36
	800	22.88	9.33	40.79	367.54
W：吸粉口宽度 Width of the inlet/mm	100	21.48	8.92	41.53	265.89
	150	23.72	8.38	35.34	327.24
	200	26.69	7.33	27.47	368.62
	250	24.32	7.43	30.56	394.44
	300	22.98	7.65	33.29	423.97

表6 响应面方差分析结果

Table 6 Results of response surface analysis of variance

响应 Response	来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value	显著性Significance
流速变异系数 Velocity variation coefficient/%	模型Model	820.18	9	91.13	81.58	<0.000 1	**
	D	268.77	1	268.77	240.62	<0.000 1	**
	L	36.42	1	36.42	32.61	0.000 7	**
	W	33.87	1	33.87	30.32	0.000 9	**
	DL	11.49	1	11.49	10.29	0.014 9	*
	DW	2.09	1	2.09	1.87	0.213 8
	LW	9.77	1	9.77	8.74	0.021 2	*
	$D 2$	22.37	1	22.37	20.03	0.002 9	**
	$L 2$	158.48	1	158.48	141.87	<0.000 1	**
	$W 2$	237.95	1	237.95	213.02	<0.000 1	**
	残差Residual	7.82	7	1.12
	失拟Lack of fit	3.83	3	1.28	1.28	0.395 3
	误差Error	3.99	4	1.00
	总和Summation	828.00	16
全压差 Differential pressure $∆ p / P a$	模型Model	23 773.96	9	2 641.55	627.51	<0.000 1	**
	D	13 483.28	1	13 483.28	3 203.01	<0.000 1	**
	L	5 622.24	1	5 622.24	1 335.59	<0.000 1	**
	W	2 194.20	1	2 194.20	521.24	<0.000 1	**
	DL	532.46	1	532.46	126.49	<0.000 1	**
	DW	8.18	1	8.18	1.94	0.206 0
	LW	728.73	1	728.73	173.11	<0.000 1	**
	$D 2$	440.47	1	440.47	104.64	<0.000 1	**
	$L 2$	373.59	1	373.59	88.75	<0.000 1	**
	$W 2$	432.67	1	432.67	102.78	<0.000 1	**
	残差Residual	29.47	1	4.21		<0.000 1	**
	失拟Lack of fit	24.48	1	8.16	6.54	0.050 6
	误差Erro	4.99	4	1.25
	总和Summation	23 803.42	16

表6 响应面方差分析结果

Table 6 Results of response surface analysis of variance

响应 Response	来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value	显著性Significance
流速变异系数 Velocity variation coefficient/%	模型Model	820.18	9	91.13	81.58	<0.000 1	**
	D	268.77	1	268.77	240.62	<0.000 1	**
	L	36.42	1	36.42	32.61	0.000 7	**
	W	33.87	1	33.87	30.32	0.000 9	**
	DL	11.49	1	11.49	10.29	0.014 9	*
	DW	2.09	1	2.09	1.87	0.213 8
	LW	9.77	1	9.77	8.74	0.021 2	*
	$D 2$	22.37	1	22.37	20.03	0.002 9	**
	$L 2$	158.48	1	158.48	141.87	<0.000 1	**
	$W 2$	237.95	1	237.95	213.02	<0.000 1	**
	残差Residual	7.82	7	1.12
	失拟Lack of fit	3.83	3	1.28	1.28	0.395 3
	误差Error	3.99	4	1.00
	总和Summation	828.00	16
全压差 Differential pressure $∆ p / P a$	模型Model	23 773.96	9	2 641.55	627.51	<0.000 1	**
	D	13 483.28	1	13 483.28	3 203.01	<0.000 1	**
	L	5 622.24	1	5 622.24	1 335.59	<0.000 1	**
	W	2 194.20	1	2 194.20	521.24	<0.000 1	**
	DL	532.46	1	532.46	126.49	<0.000 1	**
	DW	8.18	1	8.18	1.94	0.206 0
	LW	728.73	1	728.73	173.11	<0.000 1	**
	$D 2$	440.47	1	440.47	104.64	<0.000 1	**
	$L 2$	373.59	1	373.59	88.75	<0.000 1	**
	$W 2$	432.67	1	432.67	102.78	<0.000 1	**
	残差Residual	29.47	1	4.21		<0.000 1	**
	失拟Lack of fit	24.48	1	8.16	6.54	0.050 6
	误差Erro	4.99	4	1.25
	总和Summation	23 803.42	16

图8 回归模型响应曲面分析

Fig. 8 Response surface analysis of regression model

表7 仿真验证结果

Table 7 Simulation verification results

试验组别

Test group

仿真平均值

Simulated average

预测值

Predicted average

相对误差

Relative error/%

流速变异系数

Velocity variation coefficient/%

全压差

Differential pressure/Pa

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