硅钙钾镁肥和密度对水稻产量形成的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0681

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究硅钙钾镁肥及栽培密度对杂交稻分蘖特性、物质积累和产量形成等的影响，以‘晶两优534’为供试品种，试验采用裂区设计，主区设置不施硅钙钾镁肥和增施硅钙钾镁肥（G）2个肥料处理，副区设置19.3万（M1）、16.0万（M2）、13.0万（M3）和10.0⁴万株·hm^-2（M4）共4个移栽密度。通过连续2年田间定位试验，调查水稻产量及其构成因素、干物质积累、分蘖动态及成穗结构，分析增施硅钙钾镁肥和密度处理对水稻生长和产量的影响。结果表明，硅钙钾镁肥和移栽密度共同影响水稻产量。在相同施氮量和硅钙钾镁肥下，移栽密度的增加可显著提高水稻有效穗数、群体干物质生产量和分蘖数，增加水稻产量，M2处理下有效穗数较M1、M3和M4处理2年平均提高5.83%、13.69%和12.50%；相同密度下增施硅钙钾镁肥能显著提高有效穗数，增加水稻干物质积累，提高水稻生育后期叶面积指数，增施硅钙钾镁肥较不施硅钙钾镁肥2年平均增产8.30%~12.56%。综合硅钙钾镁肥和移栽密度的互作效应，本试验条件下，在施纯氮量150 kg·hm^-2时增施硅钙钾镁肥300 kg·hm^-2、移栽密度16.0×10⁴株·hm^-2时，‘晶两优534’干物质生产量最大，产量最高。研究结果可为四川水稻高产高效栽培提供参考。

关键词: 硅钙钾镁肥, 移栽密度, 分蘖, 产量

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of silicon， calcium， potassium and magnesium fertilizer and different cultivation densities on the characteristics， material accumulation and yield formation of hybrid rice,‘Jingliangyou 534 ’was used as the test variety. The split plot design was used in the experiment. 2 fertilizer treatments were set up in the main area : no silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer and increasing silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer （G）. 4 transplanting densities were set up in sub-area: 19.3×10⁴（M1）, 16.0×10⁴（M2）, 13.0×10⁴（M3） and 10.0×10⁴ plants·hm^-2（M4）. Through 2 consecutive years of field positioning experiments, the rice yield and composition factors, dry matter accumulation, tillering dynamics and panicle structure were investigated, and the effects of increasing silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer and density treatments on rice growth and yield were analyzed. The results showed that silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer and transplanting density jointly affected rice yield. Under the same nitrogen application rate and silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer, the increase of transplanting density could significantly increase the effective panicle, population dry matter production and tiller number of rice, and increase rice yield. Compared with M1, M3 and M4 treatments, the effective panicle under M2 treatment increased by 5.83%, 13.69% and 12.50% on average in 2 years. At the same density, application of silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer could significantly increase the effective panicle, increase the accumulation of dry matter in rice, and significantly improve the leaf area index of rice in the later stage of growth. The average yield increased by 8.30%~12.56% in 2 years compared with no application of silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer. Combining the interaction effect of silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer and transplanting density, under the conditions of this experiment, when the pure nitrogen application rate was 150 kg·hm^-2, the application of silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer was 300 kg·hm^-2, and the transplanting density was 16.0×10⁴ plants·hm^-2, ‘Jingliangyou 534’ had the largest dry matter production and yield. The results could provide reference for high-yield and high-efficiency rice cultivation in Sichuan.

Key words: fertilizer of silicon， calcium， potassium and magnesium, transplanting density, tiller, yield

中图分类号:

S511

阿什日轨, 张荣萍, 周宁宁, 冯婷煜, 周林, 马鹏, 阿尔力色, 廖雪环, 张坷塬. 硅钙钾镁肥和密度对水稻产量形成的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(3): 155-163.

Rigui ASHEN, Rongping ZHANG, Ningning ZHOU, Tingyu FENG, Lin ZHOU, Peng MA, Lise AER, Xuehuan LIAO, Keyuan ZHANG. Effects of Silicon， Calcium， Potassium and Magnesium Fertilizer and Density on Rice Yield Formation[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(3): 155-163.

图/表 6

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective spikes/（10⁴·hm^-²）	每穗总粒数 Total grains per panicle	结实率 Grain filling/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield /（t·hm^-²）
2020	M1	220.47 d	186.14 ab	87.28 ab	24.13 d	8.69 cd
	M2	228.93 c	187.66 a	85.79 bc	24.19 d	8.88 c
	M3	211.07 e	180.74 bcd	83.54 cd	24.72 ab	7.81 e
	M4	200.20 f	183.44 abc	85.15 bcd	24.35 cd	7.61 e
	GM1	266.09 a	175.15 de	82.07 d	24.92 a	9.53 b
	GM2	263.91 a	177.82 cde	89.52 a	24.64 abc	10.35 a
	GM3	247.10 b	171.36 e	87.50 ab	24.58 bc	9.11 bc
	GM4	222.22 d	178.93 cd	86.53 abc	24.43 bcd	8.40 d
	G	**	**	ns	**	**
	M	**	**	**	ns	**
	G×M	**	ns	**	**	ns
2021	M1	228.08 d	216.66 a	93.57 a	22.14 b	10.35 c
	M2	245.89 b	212.29 a	94.23 a	22.35 ab	11.00 b
	M3	206.78 f	212.55 a	94.92 a	22.54 ab	9.40 d
	M4	222.22 de	209.23 a	93.13 a	22.57 ab	9.78 d
	GM1	243.28 bc	215.46 a	93.29 a	22.63 a	11.07 b
	GM2	256.49 a	218.56 a	94.98 a	22.40 ab	11.93 a
	GM3	216.22 e	217.33 a	94.72 a	22.63 a	10.12 c
	GM4	236.24 c	215.23 a	93.84 a	22.48 ab	10.73 bc
	G	**	ns	ns	*	**
	M	**	ns	*	ns	**
	Y	*	**	**	**	**
	G×M	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Y×M	*	**	**	*	**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective spikes/（10⁴·hm^-²）	每穗总粒数 Total grains per panicle	结实率 Grain filling/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield /（t·hm^-²）
2020	M1	220.47 d	186.14 ab	87.28 ab	24.13 d	8.69 cd
	M2	228.93 c	187.66 a	85.79 bc	24.19 d	8.88 c
	M3	211.07 e	180.74 bcd	83.54 cd	24.72 ab	7.81 e
	M4	200.20 f	183.44 abc	85.15 bcd	24.35 cd	7.61 e
	GM1	266.09 a	175.15 de	82.07 d	24.92 a	9.53 b
	GM2	263.91 a	177.82 cde	89.52 a	24.64 abc	10.35 a
	GM3	247.10 b	171.36 e	87.50 ab	24.58 bc	9.11 bc
	GM4	222.22 d	178.93 cd	86.53 abc	24.43 bcd	8.40 d
	G	**	**	ns	**	**
	M	**	**	**	ns	**
	G×M	**	ns	**	**	ns
2021	M1	228.08 d	216.66 a	93.57 a	22.14 b	10.35 c
	M2	245.89 b	212.29 a	94.23 a	22.35 ab	11.00 b
	M3	206.78 f	212.55 a	94.92 a	22.54 ab	9.40 d
	M4	222.22 de	209.23 a	93.13 a	22.57 ab	9.78 d
	GM1	243.28 bc	215.46 a	93.29 a	22.63 a	11.07 b
	GM2	256.49 a	218.56 a	94.98 a	22.40 ab	11.93 a
	GM3	216.22 e	217.33 a	94.72 a	22.63 a	10.12 c
	GM4	236.24 c	215.23 a	93.84 a	22.48 ab	10.73 bc
	G	**	ns	ns	*	**
	M	**	ns	*	ns	**
	Y	*	**	**	**	**
	G×M	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Y×M	*	**	**	*	**

年份Year	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing period		齐穗期 Full head stage			成熟期 Mature stage
年份Year	处理 Treatment	茎鞘Stem	叶Leaf	茎鞘Stem	叶Leaf	穗Panicle	茎鞘Stem	叶Leaf	穗Panicle
2020	M1	3 103.74 e	2 170.52 c	7 648.15 b	2 797.10 de	1 825.24 b	4 840.92 e	2 174.54 cd	8 848.93 ab
	M2	3 601.05 c	2 412.25 bc	7 330.62 cd	2 929.05 cd	1 638.39 c	4 998.37 d	2 156.97 d	8 930.79 ab
	M3	4 489.33 a	2 280.63 c	7 214.58 d	2 829.67 de	1 544.40 d	4 387.65 g	1 887.89 f	7 368.41 e
	M4	2 875.68 f	2 057.44 d	7 423.85 bcd	2 748.36 e	1 877.46 b	5 488.95 a	1 978.23 e	8 494.18 c
	GM1	3 753.12 c	2 553.19 ab	8 761.93 a	3 471.83 a	2 019.10 a	5 074.91 c	2 296.81 b	9 011.33 a
	GM2	3 974.37 b	2 787.18 a	7 556.22 bc	3 193.05 b	1 860.79 b	5 195.35 b	2 544.16 a	8 657.36 bc
	GM3	3 377.40 d	2 662.40 ab	7 310.34 d	3 045.47 bc	2 055.30 a	4 652.99 f	2 171.15 cd	7 983.60 d
	GM4	3 009.00 ef	2 180.76 c	6 429.96 e	2 542.39 f	1 718.14 c	4 157.32 h	2 190.32 c	8 641.38 bc
	G	ns	*	**	**	**	**	**	**
	M	**	*	**	**	**	**	**	**
	G×M	**	ns	**	**	**	**	**	**
2021	M1	4 365.56 c	2 304.27 c	7 044.16 d	2 415.30 e	1 872.23 d	3 687.35 e	1 614.64 d	9 685.32 c
	M2	4 898.98 b	2 394.05 bc	8 552.69 a	3 005.49 b	2 202.68 b	5 416.07 b	1 698.38 c	10 619.97 bc
	M3	4 075.71 d	2 276.08 cd	6 263.43 e	2 210.24 d	1 647.17 e	4 951.06 c	1 432.78 e	7 752.08 d
	M4	4 405.40 c	2 044.04 e	7 524.19 c	2 675.67 d	2 061.40 c	5 546.21 b	1 661.63 c	10 161.50 bc
	GM1	4 012.18 d	2 173.58 d	8 054.18 b	3 132.85 b	1 982.62 c	5 197.94 c	2 304.28 a	11 105.82 b
	GM2	5 649.02 a	2 909.00 a	8 103.31 b	3 795.51 a	2 688.84 a	6 404.39 a	2 284.24 a	13 260.30 a
	GM3	5 055.44 b	2 499.13 b	6 875.44 d	2 486.57 e	1 623.79 e	4 587.23 d	1 774.52 c	8 120.24 d
	GM4	4 047.71 d	2 324.32 c	6 874.21 d	2 837.84 c	1 591.92 e	4 914.92 c	1 960.96 b	10 572.91 bc
	G	ns	*	*	**	ns	**	**	**
	M	**	*	**	**	**	**	*	**
	G×M	*	ns	**	ns	**	**	ns	**

年份Year	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing period		齐穗期 Full head stage			成熟期 Mature stage
年份Year	处理 Treatment	茎鞘Stem	叶Leaf	茎鞘Stem	叶Leaf	穗Panicle	茎鞘Stem	叶Leaf	穗Panicle
2020	M1	3 103.74 e	2 170.52 c	7 648.15 b	2 797.10 de	1 825.24 b	4 840.92 e	2 174.54 cd	8 848.93 ab
	M2	3 601.05 c	2 412.25 bc	7 330.62 cd	2 929.05 cd	1 638.39 c	4 998.37 d	2 156.97 d	8 930.79 ab
	M3	4 489.33 a	2 280.63 c	7 214.58 d	2 829.67 de	1 544.40 d	4 387.65 g	1 887.89 f	7 368.41 e
	M4	2 875.68 f	2 057.44 d	7 423.85 bcd	2 748.36 e	1 877.46 b	5 488.95 a	1 978.23 e	8 494.18 c
	GM1	3 753.12 c	2 553.19 ab	8 761.93 a	3 471.83 a	2 019.10 a	5 074.91 c	2 296.81 b	9 011.33 a
	GM2	3 974.37 b	2 787.18 a	7 556.22 bc	3 193.05 b	1 860.79 b	5 195.35 b	2 544.16 a	8 657.36 bc
	GM3	3 377.40 d	2 662.40 ab	7 310.34 d	3 045.47 bc	2 055.30 a	4 652.99 f	2 171.15 cd	7 983.60 d
	GM4	3 009.00 ef	2 180.76 c	6 429.96 e	2 542.39 f	1 718.14 c	4 157.32 h	2 190.32 c	8 641.38 bc
	G	ns	*	**	**	**	**	**	**
	M	**	*	**	**	**	**	**	**
	G×M	**	ns	**	**	**	**	**	**
2021	M1	4 365.56 c	2 304.27 c	7 044.16 d	2 415.30 e	1 872.23 d	3 687.35 e	1 614.64 d	9 685.32 c
	M2	4 898.98 b	2 394.05 bc	8 552.69 a	3 005.49 b	2 202.68 b	5 416.07 b	1 698.38 c	10 619.97 bc
	M3	4 075.71 d	2 276.08 cd	6 263.43 e	2 210.24 d	1 647.17 e	4 951.06 c	1 432.78 e	7 752.08 d
	M4	4 405.40 c	2 044.04 e	7 524.19 c	2 675.67 d	2 061.40 c	5 546.21 b	1 661.63 c	10 161.50 bc
	GM1	4 012.18 d	2 173.58 d	8 054.18 b	3 132.85 b	1 982.62 c	5 197.94 c	2 304.28 a	11 105.82 b
	GM2	5 649.02 a	2 909.00 a	8 103.31 b	3 795.51 a	2 688.84 a	6 404.39 a	2 284.24 a	13 260.30 a
	GM3	5 055.44 b	2 499.13 b	6 875.44 d	2 486.57 e	1 623.79 e	4 587.23 d	1 774.52 c	8 120.24 d
	GM4	4 047.71 d	2 324.32 c	6 874.21 d	2 837.84 c	1 591.92 e	4 914.92 c	1 960.96 b	10 572.91 bc
	G	ns	*	*	**	ns	**	**	**
	M	**	*	**	**	**	**	*	**
	G×M	*	ns	**	ns	**	**	ns	**

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