双摆盘式大豆小区排种器的仿真优化

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对大豆小区排种器对不同品种大豆种子适应性差、清种困难的问题，研究设计了一种双摆盘式大豆小区育种排种器，其通过可拆型孔块及清种板提高品种适应性及清种率。对排种过程进行仿真模拟，并以型孔孔径和摆动频率为试验因素，以单粒率、多粒率和空粒率为试验指标设计二次通用旋转组合试验进行优化。得出优化指标为：型孔孔径为9~10 mm，摆动频率为0.5~1.2 Hz时，单粒率>60%，多粒率<30%，空粒率<15%。并以型孔孔径10 mm，摆动频率1.0 Hz为参数进行台架试验及田间试验，得到排种器的台架及田间试验的合格指数、重播指数和漏播指数分别为75.5%、16.9%、7.6%及71.4%、18.8%、9.8%，与优化结果基本一致。试验结果表明，排种器可满足小区育种播种的农艺要求，并为大豆小区精量播种机的设计提供一定的理论及参考依据。

关键词: 农业机械, 排种器, 小区育种, 大豆, 离散元法

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of poor adaptability and difficult seed cleaning of soybean seed metering device for plot breeding of soybean， a double swing plate type seed metering device for plot breeding of soybean was designed to improve variety adaptation and seed cleaning through the detachable hole block and seed cleaning plate. The seed metering process was simulated， and the secondary universal rotary combination test was designed to optimize with the hole diameter and swing frequency as test factors and the single grain rate， multiple grain rate and empty grain rate as test indicators. The optimization results was obtained as： the hole diameter was 9~10 mm， the swing frequency was 0.5~1.2 Hz， the single particle rate was more than 60%， the multiple particle rate was less than 30%， and the empty particle rate was less than 15%. Taking the hole diameter of 10 mm and the swing frequency of 1.0 Hz as the test parameters， the bench test and field test were carried out， and the qualification index， replanting index and missed seeding index of the metering device were 75.5%， 16.9%， 7.6% and 71.4%， 18.8% and 9.8% respectively， which were basically consistent with the optimization results. The experiment results showed that the seed metering device can meet the agronomic requirements of plot sowing， and provided a theoretical and reference basis for the design of soybean plot precision seeder.

Key words: agricultural machinery, seed-metering device, plot breeding, soybean, discrete element method

中图分类号:

S223.2

顿国强, 吴星澎, 纪欣鑫, 张福利, 纪文义, 杨永振. 双摆盘式大豆小区排种器的仿真优化[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(6): 82-90.

Guoqiang DUN, Xingpeng WU, Xinxin JI, Fuli ZHANG, Wenyi JI, Yongzhen YANG. Simulation and Optimization of Soybean Plot Metering Device with Double Swing Plate[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(6): 82-90.

图/表 12

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水平 Level	x₁：型孔孔径 Hole diameter/mm	x₂：摆动频率 Swing frequency/Hz
1.414	10.00	2.00
1	9.71	1.78
0	9.00	1.25
-1	8.29	0.72
-1.414	8.00	0.50

水平 Level	x₁：型孔孔径 Hole diameter/mm	x₂：摆动频率 Swing frequency/Hz
1.414	10.00	2.00
1	9.71	1.78
0	9.00	1.25
-1	8.29	0.72
-1.414	8.00	0.50

评价指标 Evaluation index	来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value	显著性 Significance
单粒率 Single-seed rate	模型Model	531.95	5	106.39	8.99	0.005 9	**
	x₁	87.68	1	87.68	7.41	0.029 7	*
	x₂	160.20	1	160.20	13.54	0.007 9	**
	x₁x₂	144.00	1	144.00	12.17	0.010 1	*
	x₁²	101.78	1	101.78	8.60	0.021 9	*
	x₂²	55.52	1	55.52	4.69	0.067 0
	残差Residual	82.82	7	11.83
	失拟项Lack of fit	37.62	3	12.54	1.11	0.443 2
	纯误差Pure error	45.20	4	11.30
	总和Total	614.77	12
多粒率 Multi-seed rate	模型Model	77.33	2	38.67	37.31	< 0.000 1	**
	x₁	73.89	1	73.89	67.44	< 0.000 1	**
	x₂	3.44	1	3.44	3.32	0.098 6
	残差Residual	7.67	10	1.04
	失拟项Lack of fit	4.36	6	0.73	0.48	0.795 8
	纯误差Pure error	6.00	4	1.50
	总和Total	87.69	12

评价指标 Evaluation index	来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value	显著性 Significance
单粒率 Single-seed rate	模型Model	531.95	5	106.39	8.99	0.005 9	**
	x₁	87.68	1	87.68	7.41	0.029 7	*
	x₂	160.20	1	160.20	13.54	0.007 9	**
	x₁x₂	144.00	1	144.00	12.17	0.010 1	*
	x₁²	101.78	1	101.78	8.60	0.021 9	*
	x₂²	55.52	1	55.52	4.69	0.067 0
	残差Residual	82.82	7	11.83
	失拟项Lack of fit	37.62	3	12.54	1.11	0.443 2
	纯误差Pure error	45.20	4	11.30
	总和Total	614.77	12
多粒率 Multi-seed rate	模型Model	77.33	2	38.67	37.31	< 0.000 1	**
	x₁	73.89	1	73.89	67.44	< 0.000 1	**
	x₂	3.44	1	3.44	3.32	0.098 6
	残差Residual	7.67	10	1.04
	失拟项Lack of fit	4.36	6	0.73	0.48	0.795 8
	纯误差Pure error	6.00	4	1.50
	总和Total	87.69	12

评价指标 Evaluation index	来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value	显著性 Significance
空粒率 Empty-seed rate	模型Model	754.27	5	150.85	11.30	0.003 0	**
	x₁	322.57	1	322.57	24.17	0.001 7	**
	x₂	116.71	1	116.71	8.75	0.021 2	*
	x₁x₂	156.25	1	156.25	11.71	0.011 1	*
	x₁²	130.13	1	130.13	9.75	0.016 8	*
	x₂²	46.13	1	46.13	3.46	0.105 4
	残差Residual	93.42	7	13.35
	失拟项Lack of fit	40.22	3	13.41	1.01	0.476 2
	纯误差Pure error	53.20	4	13.30
	总和Total	847.69	12