水分胁迫下新型土壤保水剂对玉米苗期发育的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0302

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

保水剂在土壤中降解能力低，会对土壤环境产生危害，利用聚天冬氨酸和膨润土为原料，制备了新型的可降解土壤保水剂。设置水分胁迫处理和正常灌溉处理2组水分处理，在2组水分处理下分别施用市售腐殖酸保水剂（TA）和12.5（TB₁）、17.5（TB₂）、22.5（TB₃）、27.5（TB₄）和32.5 kg·hm^-2（TB₅）的新型土壤保水剂，以不施用保水剂为对照（CK），探讨其对玉米苗期生长发育的影响。结果表明，施用保水剂在玉米苗期可提高土壤含水量，当保水剂加入量为22.5 kg·hm^-2效果最好，保水剂用量为32.5 kg·hm^-2时对玉米出苗有显著抑制作用；在水分胁迫条件下，施用保水剂各处理的株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性均显著高于CK；同时施用保水剂能显著降低丙二醛和脯氨酸含量；其中，以保水剂用量为22.5 kg·hm^-2（TB₃）效果最佳。以上结果表明，新型土壤保水剂效果明显，对我国的农业节水有一定的推进作用。

关键词: 可降解土壤保水剂, 水分胁迫, 玉米苗期, 生理指标

Abstract:

Water-retaining agent has low degradability in soil and will cause harm to soil environment. In this study， polyaspartic acid and bentonite were used as raw materials to prepare a new type of degradable soil water-retaining agent. 2 groups of water treatment were set up including water stress treatment and normal irrigation treatment，under the 2 groups of water treatment， commercial humic acid water retaining agent（TA） and 12.5（TB₁）， 17.5（TB₂）， 22.5（TB₃）， 27.5（TB₄）， 32.5 kg·hm^-2 （TB₅） new soil water retaining agent were applied respectively， using no water retaining agent as control （CK）， and the effects were discussed on the growth and development of maize seedlings. The results showed that the application of water retaining agent could increase the soil moisture content in maize seedling stage. The best effect was achieved when the amount of water retaining agent was 22.5 kg·hm^-2， and the effect was significantly inhibited when the amount of water retaining agent was 32.5 kg·hm^-2. Under water stress conditions， plant height， stem diameter，chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase， peroxidase and catalase activities of each treatment treated with water retaining agent were significantly increased compared with CK； and the contents of malondialdehyde and proline were reduced. Among them， the water retaining agent dosage of 22.5 kg·hm^-2 （TB₃） had the best effect. Above results showed that the effect of the new soil water retaining agent was obviously better， and it would further promote the agricultural water saving in China.

Key words: degradable soil water-retaining agent, water stress, maize seedling, physiological indicator

中图分类号:

S145.4

张余莽, 陈贵娟, 常洪艳, 王永恒, 刘淑霞, 应允秀. 水分胁迫下新型土壤保水剂对玉米苗期发育的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(1): 201-210.

Yumang ZHANG, Guijuan CHEN, Hongyan CHANG, Yongheng WANG, Shuxia LIU, Yunxiu YING. Effect of New Degradable Soil Water-retaining Agent on Growth and Development of Maize Seedlings Under Water Stress at Seedling Stage[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(1): 201-210.

图/表 10

表1 不同水分条件下施用保水剂处理的玉米苗期株高和茎粗

Table 2 Maize seedling height and stem diameter with water retaining agent applied under different water conditions

水分条件 Water condition	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/cm
	CK	65.50±1.76 αc	1.20±0.03 αc
	TA	68.37±0.90 αab	1.28±0.07 αab
	TB₁	66.23±1.12 αbc	1.22±0.04 αbc
+W	TB₂	67.50±0.85 αabc	1.23±0.04 αabc
	TB₃	69.10±2.04 αa	1.30±0.02 αa
	TB₄	66.73±0.76 αabc	1.27±0.02 αabc
	TB₅	66.80±0.70 αabc	1.26±0.01 αabc
	CK	51.60±1.18 βd	0.78±0.04 βc
	TA	56.30±0.66 βab	1.13±0.07 βa
	TB₁	55.53±0.86 βbc	1.08±0.06 βab
-W	TB₂	57.13±0.70 βab	1.11±0.02 βa
	TB₃	57.97±0.95 βa	1.14±0.02 βa
	TB4	55.57±1.42b βc	1.12±0.01 βa
	TB5	54.03±0.74 βc	1.02±0.08 βb

表2 不同水分条件下施用保水剂处理的玉米苗期干物质量

Table 2 Dry matter quality of maize seedling under different water conditions with water retaining agent

水分条件 Water condition	处理 Treatment	干物质量 Dry matter weight/g
水分条件 Water condition	处理 Treatment	地上 Overground	地下 Underground
	CK	1.87±0.02 αd	0.75±0.04 αd
	TA	2.31±0.09 αa	0.83±0.02 αa
	TB₁	2.07±0.05 αc	0.77±0.04 αbc
+W	TB₂	2.14±0.04 αbc	0.80±0.01 αab
	TB₃	2.31±0.06 αa	0.84±0.02 αa
	TB₄	2.18±0.01 αb	0.78±0.03 αbc
	TB₅	1.81±0.03 αd	0.72±0.01 αd
	CK	0.92±0.15 βd	0.50±0.03 βd
	TA	1.35±0.09 βa	0.66±0.04 βa
	TB₁	1.21±0.08 βbc	0.56±0.03 βc
-W	TB₂	1.24±0.09 βb	0.59±0.02 βbc
	TB₃	1.38±0.10 βa	0.68±0.01 βa
	TB₄	1.25±0.06 βb	0.61±0.02 βb
	TB₅	1.16±0.02 βc	0.49±0.01 βd

图1 萎蔫试验条件下施用保水剂后的土壤含水量

Fig. 1 Water-retaining agent on soil moisture content under wilting test

图2 正常水分条件下施用保水剂的玉米出苗率注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Emergence rate of maize with water retaining agent under normal water conditionsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同水分条件下施用保水剂的玉米苗期叶绿素含量注：同一指标不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Chlorophyll content of maize seedling under different water conditions with water retaining agentNote：Different lowercase letters of same index indicate significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 不同水分条件下施用保水剂的玉米苗期MDA含量注：同一指标不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 MDA content of maize seedling under different water conditions with water retaining agentNote： Different lowercase letters of same index indicate significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 不同水分条件下施用保水剂的玉米苗期SOD活性注：同一指标不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 SOD activity of maize seedling under different water conditions with water retaining agentNote：Different lowercase letters of same index indicate significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 level.

图6 不同水分条件下施用保水剂的玉米苗期POD活性注：同一指标不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 6 POD activity of maize seedling with water retaining agent under different water conditionsNote：Different lowercase letters of same index indicate significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 level.

图7 不同水分条件下施用保水剂的玉米苗期CAT活性注：同一指标不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 7 CAT activity of maize seedling with water retaining agent under different water conditionsNote：Different lowercase letters of same index indicate significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 level.

图8 不同水分条件下施用保水剂的玉米苗期脯氨酸含量注：同一指标不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 8 Proline content in maize seedling with water-retaining agent under different water conditionsNote： Different lowercase letters of same index indicate significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 level.

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