Abstract:

The application of organic cultivation substrate in solar greenhouse is an efficient way to solve the problems of soil degradation and arable land shortage. Taking ‘Changjian’ (Capsicum annuum L. vs ‘Changjian’) pepper as material, 6 mixed substrates were prepared by adding cow dung, wheat straw, chicken manure, river sand, turf and vermiculite. Their effects on dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic parameter, fruit quality and yield of pepper plant were analyzed, and special cultivation substrates conform to the law of pepper nutrient requirement and  benifit to the improvement of its yield and quality were screened out. The results showed that the formula T6 (cow dung∶wheat straw∶chicken manure∶river sand∶vermiculite=3.5∶2.5∶0.5∶2∶1.5) was the most suitable for pepper cultivation. The fresh and dry weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration were all significantly higher than that of the other treatments. The pepper solid matter content, soluble sugar content and Vc content were 5.33%, 4.31% and 0.702 4 mg/g, respectively. The yield was 89.66 t/hm2, which was 4.9%、0.8%、2.7%、5.5%、11.7% higher than formula T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, respectively. The single plant yield and single fruit weight were significantly higher than that of the other treatments. According to the principle componant analysis, the substrait principle componant of formula T6 got the highest point. In summary, under formula T6 treatment, pepper plant was robust with stronger leaf blade photosynthesis, higher yield and superior quality. So it was a good substrait formula suitable for pepper cultivation.

Key words: biomass, substrate, pepper, physiological characteristics, yield

摘要：

设施有机基质栽培技术是解决耕地面积不足，土壤退化等问题的有效方法。试验以“长剑”辣椒（Capsicum annuum L. vs ‘Changjian’）为材料，腐熟的牛粪、鸡粪、小麦秸秆复配草炭、蛭石、河沙制成6种配方基质，研究其对辣椒植株干物质积累量、光合生理特性、果实品质和产量等指标的影响，筛选出符合辣椒养分需求规律，有利于提高其产量和品质的专用栽培基质。结果表明：配方T6（牛粪∶小麦秸秆∶鸡粪∶河沙∶蛭石=3.5∶2.5∶0.5∶2∶1.5）植株叶片气孔导度（Gs）、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）及胞间CO2浓度（Ci）显著高于其他处理；可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、Vc含量较高，分别为5.33%、4.31%、0.702 4 mg/g；产量为89.66 t/hm2，且较T1、T2、T3、T4、T5处理高4.9%、0.8%、2.7%、5.5%、11.7%，单株产量和单果重均显著高于其他处理。根据主成分分析，T6配方基质主成分得分最高。综上所述，T6处理下辣椒植株健壮、叶片光合作用强、品质优良、产量高，是适宜辣椒栽培的优良基质配方。

关键词: 生物质；基质；辣椒；生理特性；产量