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    15 June 2015, Volume 17 Issue 3
    Studies on Current Developmental Situation of Animal Breeding Industry and Countermeasures
    SUN Kang-tai§, JIA Jing-dun§, WEI Xun, MA Guang-peng, GE Yi-qiang*
    2015, 17(3):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.069
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    Although China has the largest animal products consumption market in the world, her animal breeding industry has not yet been perfected. With the improvement of social economy in China, the demands for animal products are rising constantly, agricultural structure is readjusting continuousely, science and technology is making rapid progress, and animal genetic breeding enterprises are booming. All these factors have brought about a critical developmental opportunity to animal industry in China. This paper illuminated the conotation of animal industry and animal breeding industry, expounded the significance of developing animal breeding industry, analyzed the domestic and international status quo of animal breeding industry. The paper also emphasized the importance of scientific and technological innovation to the development of animal breeding industry; and put forward countermeasures for the development of animal breeding industry accorrding to the actual situation in China.

    Research Progress on Plant Cytosolic APX1
    ZHANG Meng-ru, GONG Ming, YANG Yu-mei, LUO Zhu, LIU Chang, ZOU Zhu-rong*
    2015, 17(3):  8-18.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.691
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    Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in plant growth, development and responses to numerous environmental stresses: eliciting oxidative damages at high concentration, mediating cellular signalling as second messenger at low concentration. Such a functional switch depends on the equilibrium between ROS production and scavenging, which is delicately monitored by an in vivo binary antioxidative system with both enzymic and nonenzymic components. Among the antioxidative enzymes, plant cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1) is crucial in cellular redox homeostasis and ROS scavenging network. It has been regarded as an important leverage of ROS roles, and thus given with extensive research interest. This review introduced with emphasis the research progress on plant APX1 in enzymatic characteristics, gene expression and regulation, biological roles, and applications in plant genetic engineering of stress resistance, aiming at providing useful insights for future studies on plant ROS and stress tolerance.

    Analysis of Stress Resistance Ability of Transgenic Cotton Expressing HhERF2 and PeDREB2a Genes
    LI Yong-liang1,2, DONG Xue-ni3, LEI Zhi2, YANG Pei-yan2, TAO Fei2, TANG Yi-xiong
    2015, 17(3):  19-28.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.002
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    AP2/ERF transcription factors widely exist in plants, and participate in various biotic and abiotic stress responses. In order to improve cotton resistance to disease and abiotic stress, the expression vector containing HhERF2 and PeDREB2a transcription factor genes, which were isolated from resistant excellent psammophyte Halimodendron halodendron and Populus euphratica respectively, and driven by rd29A promoter, was constructed and transferred into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) by pollen-tube pathway transformation technology. After the transgenic cottons were treated with stress, the ectopic expression HhERF2 and PeDREB2a genes, and some downstream relative pathogenesis-related (PR) genes were analyzed   by Real-time PCR in transgenic cotton. The results showed that the expression of HhERF2 gene could be induced by Verticillium dahliae (Vd), drought and salt, while PeDREB2a could only be induced by drought and salt. Inoculated by Vd, the expression of some downstream relative PR genes and the enzyme activity that related to phenolic metabolism such as: PAL, SOD and POD all increased in the transgenic lines at the same times. The resistance to Vd was also enhanced in transgenic cotton. Analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics under drought and high-salt stresses, which indicated that compared with the contrast, the soluble carbohydrates and relative water concentration in the leaves of transgenic cotton were significantly elevated, while the conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased significantly. These results demonstrated that transgenic cotton performed excellent tolerability to Vd, drought and high-salt stresses.

    Phenotype Analysis of Mutants of Nucleoporin 160 Gene in Arabidopsis
    LIU Wen-xuan1, SHEN Ying-bai1*, FU Yong-fu2*
    2015, 17(3):  29-34.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.101
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    Plant flowering is affected by environmental conditions, and its molecular regulatory mechnism in transcription, translation and epigenetics levels has been widely studied. Nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a key access of substance communication between cell nucleus and cytoplasm. This experiment screened  nup160-1/-2/-3 mutants of nucleoporin 160 (Nup160), showing a variety of development phenotypes. The most significant one was early flowering regardless of environmental conditions (photoperiod and temperature). However, the nup160 mutants flower earlier in long day conditions than in short day conditions, indicating that nup160 mutants still had response to photoperiod. The results suggested that Nup160, as a negative regulator, played a role both in the thermosensory pathway and photoperiod pathway to manipulate flowering time of Arabidopsis.

    Effect of Feeding on Regulatory Genes of Bacillus subtilis ZK8 Synthesizing Iturin A in Fermentation Process
    TAN Zhong-yuan1,2, ZHANG Zhi1,2, FU Mao-hong1,2, LUO Di1, ZHONG Juan1, ZHOU Jin-
    2015, 17(3):  35-41.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.057
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    In order to study the effect of feeding on  Bacillus subtilis ZK8 synthesizing Iturin A, this paper took “nitrogen source + carbon source + amino acid” as supplementary food, applied RT-qPCR technology combined with related fermentation parameters, and analyzed 3 synthesis regulatory genes degQ, degUS, glnR and the relative expression differences of operon itu during fermentation process. The results showed that the total nitrogen and reducing sugar contents in fed-batch fermentation were higher than that in batch fermentation, and the biomass and titer in fed-batch fermentation increased by 68.85% and 36.67%, respectively; the relative expression of the 3 key regulatory genes in  fed-batch fermentation was higher than those in batch fermentation, and the change of 3 genes′ relative expression level was consistent with the synthesis law of Iturin A, as well as the change of operon itus relative expression level. This indicated that supplementary food liquid  could enhance the expression of degQ, degUS and glnR, provide rich carbon source, nitrogen source, and synthesis precursor of Iturin A, and also promote the synthesis of Iturin A.

    Effects of Thermal Stability on Secretion of Methyl-parathion Hydrolase in Pichia pastoris
    GONG Pan1,2, FAN Jia-you1, TIAN Jian2, WU Ning-feng2, CHU Xiao-yu2*
    2015, 17(3):  42-48.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.029
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    Methyl parathion hydrolase can biodegrade organophosphorus pesticides. Due to its special application value, researchers paid more and more attension. Wild-type MPH-Och from Ochrobactrum sp. could not be secreted in Pichia pastoris. In order to increase the secretion level, the MPH-S274Q mutant, which thermal stability was increased, was expressed in Pichia pastoris. After recombinant strain was induced by shaking culture flask for 120 h, the enzyme activity of culture supernatant reached 0.7 U/mL. It was 14 times of that in wild type MPH-Och. The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that the culture supernatant of mutant MPH-S274Q had a distinct protein band, which further proved the improvement of secretion efficiency. This study indicated that improving protein thermal stability can be an effective way to increase secretion efficiency of exogenous protein in Pichia pastoris.

    Thermostability Improvement of the Mannanase Man5Xz8 from Achaetomium sp.Xz8
    LIU Yun1,2, LU Hai-qiang2, SHI Peng-jun2, XIE Xiang-ming1*
    2015, 17(3):  49-55.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.253
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    The consistency of amino acid sequence of two reported GH5 mannase, Man5Xz8 from the thermophilic fungi Achaetomium sp. Xz8 and Man5A from Humicola sp. Y1, was as high as 90.0%. However, their enzymology properties, especially their optimum temperature and thermal stability were different. Man5A had the temperature optima of 70℃ and possessed pretty good thermal stability under 50℃, while  Man5Xz8 had the temperature optima of 50℃ and only could stay good thermal stability at 30℃. The mutants V124I and △SG were built based on the analysis of bioinformatics methods. The results showed that the mutants had similar optimal pH and temperature with Man5Xz8, while their thermal stabilities were much betten than Man5Xz8. After treated at 50 ℃ for 10 min, the thermal stability of V124I was greatly increased when compared with their wild-type Man5Xz8 and the residual enzyme activity was increased by 26.9%. Moreover, the mutant △SG can stay good thermal stability at 50℃ for 1 h. Through the study of different amino acid sites of Man5Xz8, some key factors of the thermal stability were found, which provided certain theoretical guidance for the better research of GH5 famliy mannases.

    Parameter Optimization of Rice Straw Cold Press Process
    TU De-yu1,2, LI An-xin1, HE Gui-sheng1
    2015, 17(3):  56-62.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.114
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    In order to produce high quality and low power consumption biomass particles, the relationship between particle characteristics and molding parameters should be studied in depth. Using loose density as judgment criteria,  rice straw cold-press forming experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of compressive forces, particle size and moisture content on quality of molding fuel. On the basis of single factor test, this paper established  a mathematical model by response surface method with Design Expert 8.0, and analyzed the effect of 3 factors on loose density. The optimum technological parameters for rice straw cold press molding  were: 168 MPa compressive forces,  21% moisture content, and 0~0.2 mm particle size. Under this condition, the loose density could reach 1.327 g/cm3.

    Studies on Non-destructiveoptical Method for Predicting Above-ground Biomass of Individual Rice Plant based on Visible Light Imaging
    FANG Wei1, FENG Hui1, YANG Wan-neng1,2, LIU Qian1*
    2015, 17(3):  63-69.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.125
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    Above-ground biomass is an important parameter for studying rice growth. The traditional measuring method is labor-intensive and time-consuming. This paper proposed a modified method based on biomass estimating modle by image analysis, and compared its performance at tillering stage and elongation stage. This proposed model using the average of multiple side views projected area and top view projected area had a better prediction performance than the models using single side view projected area. With the determination coefficient (R2) of 0.93 and mean relative error (MAPE) of 9.26%, the new model was better than the others. The result also showed that the biomass predictive effects depended on the length of rice plant growth stage.

    Dynamic Simulation of Sweet Sorghum Cutting Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA
    LI Xiao-dong, FANG Xian-fa, HAN Zeng-de*, ZHANG Zi-rui, LIU Gui-ming, CUI Jun-we
    2015, 17(3):  70-76.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.136
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    Sweet sorghum rotor cutter has vital significance for cutting uniformity and sugar utilization of sweet sorghum stalks. Through analyzing the cutting principle of this rotor cutter, a finite element model was built based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA software in this paper. The result of model analysis indicated that the natural frequency of cutter blade was 1 908.7 Hz, which could avoid the resonance effect when the blades worked. This paper studied on the relation between the force received by blade and blade parameter during cutting. Using orthogonal experiment method, 3 factors were took  as the experiment indexes including forward velocity of harvester, angle of blade installation and rotate speed. The result showed that when cutting force is minimum, the blade installation angle is 140°,the rotate speed of rotor was 1 400 r/min,and the forward velocity of harvester was 4 km/h. This experiment provided basis for designing rotor cutter of sweet sorghum stalk.

    Development and Application of New Simple Aspirated-air Type Tobacco Planter
    YIN Jia-wen1, QI Yong-li1, LI Jiang-zhou2*, TAN Zhao-quan1
    2015, 17(3):  77-83.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.023
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    Currently tobacco seedling relies on manual planting, which is time and labor concuming. In order to effectively reduce labor cost, improve labor efficiency, and satisfy the need of seedling intensification, large scale, and mechanization under new situation, an aspirated-type tobacco planter was designed. This machine used the principle of negative air pressure, absorbed and released tobacco seeds with precise punching seed tray, to realize accurate and fast planting. According to this concept and combined with the pratical application and cost keeping, a design plan was forward and a model machine trial was produced. Through test, this machine was found easily to operate and sow with fine accuracy and high efficiency. It could save 45.9%~83.9% sowing time compared with the contrast, and the germination rate was over 92%. The seeding quality was accordance with tobacco sowing and seedling.

    Contents of 17 Trace Elements and Difference Analysis in UHT Milk of Local and Import Brands
    ZHOU Xue-wei1,2, QU Xue-yin2, ZHENG Nan2, LI Ju-min3, XIANG Ai-li4, LI Ai-jun3*,
    2015, 17(3):  84-91.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.174
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    In order to understand the trace elements content in UHT milk sold in domestic market, and differences among different brands, UHT milk samples of 29 domestic brands, 96 batchs from 17 cities were analyzed. 17 trace elements contents in 28 import brands and 53 batch UHT milk were also analyzed, and the differences in trace element between domestic brand and import brand were compared. By microwave pretreatment and ICP-MS method, the contents of 17 trace element in UHT milk were tested. The spiked recovery was 90.9%~1096%. The results indicated that positive rate of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Cs and Ba were all 100.00%, while that of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ga, Ag, Tl and U were 2.08%~88.54% and 1.89%~92.45% in domestic brands and import brands, respectively. The differences in concentration of Cu, Zn, Se, Ni and Sr between domestic and import brand were significant (P<0.05), while that in concentration of V、Cr、Mn、 Fe、Co、Ga、Rb、Ag、Cs、Ba、 Tl and U were not significant(P>0.05).

    Manufacture of Selenium-rich Bifidobacterium spp. Pumpkin Powder
    WANG Yang, WEI Yun-lu, GUO Xiu-feng, LI Hong-xia, HU Jin-rong, LI Ping-lan*
    2015, 17(3):  92-99.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.621
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    In order to manufacture low cost, selenium-rich bifidobacterium preparation with effect of biostime, this paper took pumpkin as principal raw material, optimized the best culture medium formula through response surface methodology, and inspected a variety of bifidobacterium growth in optimul culture medium and selenium-rich ability. The result indicated that when the culture medium contained pumpkin juice 16.09%, soya peptone 3.24% and cysteine hydrochloride 0.28‰, the viable number of animal live Bifidobacterium 01 could reach 9.37±0.08 lgCFU/mL, which was higher than that cultured in medium MRS, GMRS, PYG and TPY. Cultured in the above mentioned optimal pumpkin juce medium, the contents of organic selenium in B. animalis, B. infantis, B.longum, B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. lactic and B. pseudocatenulatum were varied from 13.20±0.39~78.11±0.42 μg/g bacteria. The conversion rates of organic selenium were 1.76%~6.41%. The obtained Bifidobacterium taking pumpkin juice and skimmed milk as protective agent could achieve 70.8%±0.5% freeze-drying viability. The results proved that pumpkin was a promising substrate as cryoprotectant for Bifidobacterium spp. This study provided theoretical basis for manufacturing selenium-rich Bifidobacterium spp. pumpkin powder.

    Effect of Mushroom Residue on Soil Property and Crop and Research Progress in its Recycling
    LI Fang-liang1,2, WANG Huang-ping2, ZHANG Qing2, WANG Qiu-ying2,3, LIN Qiong2*,
    2015, 17(3):  100-106.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.710
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    Mushroom residue can be used as organic fertilizer or soil amendment agent and it has high usage value. Once applied into the soil, mushroom residue will produce a series of effects on soil structure, material composition and nutrient balance, which make the soil organic matter composition change, and at the same time, the microorganism composition, quantity and viability, the transformation of material and energy in soil, and the effectiveness of nutrients in soil and fertilizer will be inevitably affected. This paper briefly introduced the nutrition characteristics of edible mushroom residue, reviewed the effect of mushroom residue on soil physical and chemical properties, and described its influence on soil biomass, crop yield and quality. Before ending, the paper discussed the main way of recyclling, and prospected its future research direction, hoping to provide theoretical reference for the reuse of mushroom residue and sustainable agriculture development.

    Effects of Organic Substrates on Pepper Physiological Characteristics and Yield in Solar Greenhouse
    YU Hong-xiang1, YANG Rui1, WANG Shu-peng1, LV Jian1, YU Ji-Hua1*, XIE Jian-ming1
    2015, 17(3):  107-115.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.700
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    The application of organic cultivation substrate in solar greenhouse is an efficient way to solve the problems of soil degradation and arable land shortage. Taking ‘Changjian’ (Capsicum annuum L. vs ‘Changjian’) pepper as material, 6 mixed substrates were prepared by adding cow dung, wheat straw, chicken manure, river sand, turf and vermiculite. Their effects on dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic parameter, fruit quality and yield of pepper plant were analyzed, and special cultivation substrates conform to the law of pepper nutrient requirement and  benifit to the improvement of its yield and quality were screened out. The results showed that the formula T6 (cow dung∶wheat straw∶chicken manure∶river sand∶vermiculite=3.5∶2.5∶0.5∶2∶1.5) was the most suitable for pepper cultivation. The fresh and dry weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration were all significantly higher than that of the other treatments. The pepper solid matter content, soluble sugar content and Vc content were 5.33%, 4.31% and 0.702 4 mg/g, respectively. The yield was 89.66 t/hm2, which was 4.9%、0.8%、2.7%、5.5%、11.7% higher than formula T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, respectively. The single plant yield and single fruit weight were significantly higher than that of the other treatments. According to the principle componant analysis, the substrait principle componant of formula T6 got the highest point. In summary, under formula T6 treatment, pepper plant was robust with stronger leaf blade photosynthesis, higher yield and superior quality. So it was a good substrait formula suitable for pepper cultivation.

    Influence of K and B Fertilizer on Quality and Storage Property of Chinese Bayberry Fruit
    ZHOU Ji-fen1,2, ZHOU Lin-jun2, LI Xing-fa2, LIU Xin-qiang1, YANG Ya-ting2, HU Xi
    2015, 17(3):  116-125.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.208
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    In order to improve the quality of Chinese bayberry fruit (water chestnut) during harvest and storage, this experiment took Chinese bayberry fruit as material, and by applying different levels of K and B fertilizer combination during its development, evaluated the effect of fertilization on its harvested and storage quality, and on the antioxidant enzym activity during fruit storage. The results showed that  the mineral elements (N, P, K and B) content of fruit treated with B2K1 (6.0 g B/L+1.0 kg K/tree) combination were the highest, and that of Zn treated with B2K2 (6.0 g B/L+1.3 kg K/tree) was the highest. The single fruit weight and contents of TSS, WSS, and Vc treated with B2K1 were the highest, while that of titratable acid (TA) was the lowest. The mineral element contents of N, P, K and Zn in the fruit had positive correlation with single fruit weight, and contents of TSS, WSS and Vc. During storage, except TSS, the other quality indexes contents treated with B2K1 decreased the least; in the fruit, the POD, SOD and CAT activities treated with B2K1 were the highest; the content of MDA treated with B2K2 was the lowest, while that treated with B2K1 took the second place. On the whole, talking to the best fruit harvested and storage quality, superior storage property, the combination treatment B2K1 was the best, while B2K2 came the second. This result could provide referance base for fertilization of high quality Chinese bayberry industrial production.

    Relationships Between Main Aroma Constituents and Aroma Notes Index of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of Different Flavor Styles
    WANG Peng-ze1, LAI Miao1, Tao Tao1, FU Pei-pei1, REN Wei2, DU Yue-guang3, WEI Hu
    2015, 17(3):  126-135.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.011
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    In order to determine material base of aroma component influencing tobacco leaves main aroma notes,relationship between flue-cured tobacco aroma constituents (polyphenol, organic acid and neutral aroma constituents) and aroma notes (hay fragrance,burnt-sweetness aroma,burnt aroma,pure-sweetness aroma,fresh-sweetness aroma and green fragrance) were investigated by analytical methods of partial correlation analysis,path analysis and stepwise regression with 269 samples of 3 flavor styles as testing material. Results showed as follows: Scopoletin,linalool,geranyl acetone,benzyl alcohol,benzene ethanol,guaiacol and neophytadiene were very significantly positive correlation with hay fragrance and had greater positive effect; burnt-sweetness aroma and burnt aroma had extremely significantly positive correlation with sophorone oxide,6-methyl-5-heptylene-2-alcohol,geranyl acetone,benzyl alcohol,farnesyl acetone,β-damascone and solanone with greater positive effect; pure-sweetness aroma was extremely significantly positive correlation with benzene ethanol, rutin,megastigmatrienone 1~4 and had greater positive effect; positive correlation between green fragrance and benzyl alcohol and neophytadiene was extremely significantly with greater positive effect; fresh-sweetness aroma was extremely significantly positive correlation with sophorone oxide,6-methyl-5-heptylene-2-one,β-damascone,megastigmatrienone 1,farnesyl acetone and 3-hydroxyl-β-damascone with greater positive effect,but organic acid had negative correlation with nuances; optimum regression equation of main aroma index of different flavor styles and aroma component was established,and regression equation could be used to predict aroma notes characters of different flavor style.

    Influence of Different Biological Agent on Quality Traits of Flue-cured Tobacco after Topping
    WANG Lin1, LI Jian-zhong1, XU Yi2, ZHU Jin-feng3, HAO Hao-hao1, WANG Shan-shan1,
    2015, 17(3):  136-143.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.035
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    In order to study the effect of commonly used biological agents for improving tobacco quality, and explore suitable method to promote high quality tobacco production, field experiment was carried out to study the influence of 6 different biological agents on the physical and chemical properties, and the contents of neutral aroma components of tobacco after topping. The results showed that different biological agents had certain effects on tobacco leaf quality. Gibberellin(GA3) could improve the leaf width and length, single leaf weight, leaf density and stretching power. Thus, it effectively reduced the nicotine content and increased the contents of potassium and total nitrogen; improved the coordination between chemical components inside of tobacco leaves; and increased the aroma components content. So, gibberellin (GA3) had the optimal overall effect, and auxin took second place.

    Isolation and Screening of Oleaginous Microalgae from Municipal Wastewater
    YANG Ting1,2, REN Chun-ying3, LI Juan4, YAN Yan-chun2, ZHAO Hong-xin3, WU Kun1*,
    2015, 17(3):  144-151.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.133
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    In order to screen out microalgae, which was fast growing with high oil productivity, 40 strains were isolated from the municipal waste-water. An excellent microalga was screened by high-throughput method (cultured in 96-well plates and stained by Nile red). The isolated strain was identified as Chlorella sp. assisted by both 18S rDNA sequencing and morphological observation. After sewage cultivation for 7 d, its lipid content was 31.21%, and the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and COD were 71.6%, 98.2%, 99.4%, 78.8%, respectively. This microalga had the potential of application prospect in the coupling system of sewage treatment with micro-algae bioenergy production.

    Survey of Antibiotic Resistance of E.coli from Different Sources in Tacheng Region in Xingjiang
    CHENG Wei-hua, XIA Li-ning*, XIA Xu-jin, WANG Ying-bin
    2015, 17(3):  152-158.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.719
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    In order to master the status of drug-resistance of E. coli from different sources and provide information for future establishing database of bacterial resistance in Tacheng Region, this study collected samples from farm and raising-households, including samples of drinking water (12), feed (49), bovine feces (56) and ovine feces (20), and isolated E. coli from samples. The resistance of isolated E. coli to clinical antimicrobial drugs was detected by agar dilution method, and the differences in resistance to E. coli from different sources were compared by chi square test. The results showed that resistance rate of E. coli from drinking water to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin all reached 100%. Resistance rate of E. coli from feed to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin were 61.2% and 51.0%, respectively. Resistance rate of E. coli from bovine feces to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin was 14.3%. Resistance rate of E. coli from ovine feces to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin were 40.0% and 35.0%, respectively. Resistance rate of E. coli from drinking water was significantly higher than that from bovine feces, ovine feces and feed to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin (P<0.05). 0 resistant and 4 resistant E. coli strains from feed accounted for 38.8%, 0 resistant E. coli strains from bovine feces and ovine feces accounted for 78.6% and 50.5%, respectively. 4 resistant E. coli strains from drinking water accounted for 100%. The above results indicated there were significant differences in resistance of E. coli from different sources to detected antibiotics, and the commonality was higher intermediate rate between E. coli from different sources to detected antimicrobial drugs, which suggested that there were risks of rapidly growing number of resistant E. coli, if not changing the medication regimen.

    Status of Development and Countermeasures on Utilization Technology of Antarctic Krill Resources in China
    YUE Dong-dong, WANG Lu-min*, HUANG Hong-liang, ZHENG Han-feng, FENG Chun-lei, ZH
    2015, 17(3):  159-166.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.041
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    Development and utilization of Antarctic krill resources are gaining international concern with each passing day. With gradually matured Antarctic krill fishing and processing technology, changes in development strategies of Antarctic krill resources at different countries have taken place. This paper analyzed the technical bottleneck existing in the development and utilization of Antarctic krill resources, and briefly reviewed the progress made in independent design, R & D of krill fishing equipment, and preparation of krill meal and krill oil. By analyzing Antarctic krill patent application information, it was believed that at present the domestic R & D major bodies had paid much attention to the preparation and production processes of krill oil and feed, while the international world had transferred their R & D and patent application focuses to pharmaceutical field. Facing the strategic demand of developing marine living resources, we shoud accelerate the process of design and construction of specialized vessels for Antarctic krill fishing and processing, and at the same time improve the processing technology and patent layout of Antarctic krill, so as to provide technical support and assurance for taking over and exploiting krill consumer market.

    Research Status on Laccase-type Phenoloxidase in Marine Invertebrate
    JIANG Jing-wei, DONG Ying, ZHOU Zun-chun*
    2015, 17(3):  167-174.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.540
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    Laccase-type phenoloxidase (PO) is an important component of innate defense system in some marine invertebrates. Laccase-type POs of marine invertebrates differ greatly from each other in evolutionary status,  structural characteristics, enzymatic characteristics, immune responsive characteristics, etc., suggesting that there might be differences in the immune and physiological functions of these enzymes. This paper summarized the laccase-type POs of marine invertebrate from the following aspects: discovery method, isozyme composition, molecular size, evolutionary status, structural characteristics, enzymatic characteristics and immune-responsive characteristics, etc., wishing to accumulate data for studying non-specific immunity of marine invertebrate.

    Studies on Room Temperature Preservation Technology of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccine
    HAO ZHENG-lin1,2, LV Fang1, LU Yu1, ZHAO Yan-hong1, WANG Li-li1,2, HOU Ji-bo1*,
    2015, 17(3):  175-181.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.065
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    To improve the heat resistance of PRRS attenuated live vaccine, several formulas composed of sucrose, tryptone, EDTA, lactose and other protectants were dried by vacuum  foam along with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. The results of aging resistance test at 37℃ for 10 d indicated that the virus titer losts were no more than 0.5 Lg in 4 formulations of T28C-1, T28C-4, T28C-5, and T28C-7. The results of vaccine long term preservation test indicated that formula T28C-4 and T28C-5 could be kept at 37℃ for 4 months, while at 25℃ and under natural conditions they could be kept for over 5 months. Besides,after preserved at 37℃、25℃ and 4℃ for 3 months, the dried vaccine T28C-4 was inoculated on piglet at 20 days of age, and 2 weeks later, the ELISA titer were all qualified and had the similar level to the commercial vaccines of lyophilization dosage.