Table of Content

15 August 2015, Volume 17 Issue 4

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Development Trend and Scientific-technological Innovation Needs of Food and Nutrition in China

WANG Xiao-hu, CHENG Guang-yan, ZHOU lin, YANG Zhen-ni

2015, 17(4):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.194

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Along with the advance of ‘Four Modernizations’, the food production capacity in China is gradually promoting, and residents′ food and nutritional structure is facing an important transformation and upgrading phase. This paper systematically analyzed the domestic and foreign current situation of food and nutrition development from three aspects, including food production and nutrition supply, evaluation of residents′ consumption and dietary quality, and consumption guidance and nutrition assistance. It also thoroughly analyzed the restraining factors facing domestic food and nutrition development, and judged the development trends of food and nutrition in “the 13th Five Year Plan”. Meanwhile, based on Chinas national situation and the two major objectives —— “product demand and supply balance, residents′ dietary balance”, this paper put forward some suggestions for speeding up the food and nutrition science and technology innovation during “the 13th Five Year Plan” period from both macro and micro levels.

Map-based Cloning of LM1 Gene of Lesion Mimic Mutant in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

QIN Jiang-man, LI Zhan-peng, ZHANG Zhi-guo, LU Tie-gang, WU Jin-xia*

2015, 17(4):  8-14.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.093

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Lesion mimic mutant (LMM) was a class of plant mutant, similar to allergic reaction, and was of significant importance for studying the mechanism of plant pathogens against outside dissemination. In this study, a lesion-mimic mutant derived from Rice mutant library, was designated lm1. Physiological indicators was analyzed and measured between mutant and wild-type. Compared with wild-type plants, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in the mutant plant leaf cells was significantly increased, and the chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm ratio in mutant plants were significantly decreased compared with the wild-type plants. Genetic analysis indicated that the lm1 mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene. LM1 gene was isolated by map-based cloning method. The LM1 gene was narrowed on the short arm of chromosome 12 and it was controlled by LOC_Os12g16720. Protein sequence showed that LM1 encodes a P450 monooxygenase, which was allele with the SPL1 gene. The P450 monooxygenase was an essential enzyme involving in plant serotonin biosynthesis pathway.

Effect of Salt and ABA on Gene Expression of MYB Transcription Factor in Rice

YANG Sheng1§, HUANG Fei1,2§, HU Xiao-chen1, QIN Qiao1, HUANG Li-yu1, WANG Wen-sh

2015, 17(4):  15-22.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.073

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Transcription factors play important roles in plant development and response to stress in external environment. MYB family is a kind of plant transcription factor family with larger numbers and multiple functional diverse. This study took salt tolerant variety 177 and its recurrent parent IR64 as material, and treated them with salt and salt+ABA, then quantitative Real-time PCR was used to compare and analyze the expression profile of 43 MYB transcription factors. The results showed that 42% and 58% MYB transcription factors in IR64 and 177 were down-regulated in leave tissues under salt stress, while after exogenous ABA application the expression level of 61% (IR64) and 68% (177) those genes were significantly enhanced. This result indicated that exogenous ABA could change the expression patterns of MYB transcription factors under salt treatment, and then affected the rice salt tolerance. At the same time, this study identified 12 MYB transcription factors expressed differentially between 177 and IR64. The expression patterns of those genes might closely related to the different salt tolerance of these 2 varieties. This study provided theoretical referrances for further analyzing the mechanism of MYB genes in rice responce to salt tolerance, and the role of ABA in enhancing rice salt tolerance.

Activity Analysis of Herbivory-inducible Maize Promoters in Arabidopsis

LI Dan-dan1,2, WANG Hai2*, ZHU Li2, HUANG Da-fang2*, LANG Zhi-hong2

2015, 17(4):  23-29.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.148

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Upon being attacked by herbivores, the plant defense response is triggered, which often involves complex transcriptional regulation of the defense genes. This process depends on a plethora of defense-related transcription factors and herbivory-inducible cis-elements on the promoters of defense genes, and is largely modulated by the jasmonate pathway. Current studies on these cis-elements focus on the model dicot Arabidopsis, and it is unknown whether they are also conserved in monocot crops. In order to explore the answer, this paper characterized the activity of 2 jasmonate- and herbivory-inducible maize promoters in Arabidopsis. It was found that these 2 promoters could not drive GUS expression in untreated Arabidopsis, but strong GUS expression could be detected in various tissues, when plants were treated with jasmonate. These results suggested that the expressive gene induced after being bitten by insect was at the same time induced by JA. This result would lay a foundation for studying the response molecular mechanism of JA induced herbivore.

Screen Indexes for Soybean Tolerance to Phosphorus Deficiency and Identification of Low Phosphorus Tolerant Soybean Cultivars

LIU Yuan1, LI Xi-huan1, WANG Rui-xia2, ZHANG Cai-ying1,3*

2015, 17(4):  30-41.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.349

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In order to analyze and evaluate the indexes of soybean tolerane to low phodphalt, and screen the important targets closely related to soybean tolerance to low phosphorus, this paper selected 41 soybean cultivars, and compared and analyzed their coefficient of low phosphorus tolerance, and carried out clustering analysis by NTSYS software on acid phosphatase activity of root tip with relavant plant high,  amount of dry matter with low-P tolerance coefficient of phosphrous utilization rate. The results under the treatments of 2 umol/L (LP) and 1 000 umol/L (NP) showed:  ①there were big differences in low-P tolerance coefficients among varieties with different genotypes: the low phosphorus tolerance coefficient of acid phosphatase activity of root tip (RAPA) of 22 varieties were 1.922 9~35.201 1, and low phosphorus tolerance coefficient of acid phosphatase activity of leaf blade (LAPA) of 32 species were 1.048 2~4.465 5，and plant high low phosphorus tolerance coefficient of 9 varieties were 0.923 1~1.000 0, and the phosphorus tolerance coefficient of dry matter amount of 17 varieties were 1.000 0~2.125 0, and  low phosphorus tolerance coefficient of total phosphorus content (P%) of 28 species were 1.083 2~6.757 3, and low phosphorus tolerance coefficient of phosphorus utilization rate of 18 species were 1.005 4~3.308 6; ②there was  significantly positive correlation (r=0.55,0.72,0.43) among RAPA, plant height,  dry matter amount of related varieties and Phosphorous utilization efficiency with the coefficient of low phosphorus tolerance. ③The clustering analysis on the coefficient of low phosphorus tolerance between RAPA, plant height, dry matter amount, phosphorous utilization efficiency, etc. Phosphorous efficiencyrelated factors had  identified  soybean varieties with high, medium and no tolerance to low phosphorus. The above results indicated that the coefficient of low phosphorus tolerance of RAPA could be used as an important factor to affect low phosphorus tolerance of phosphorous efficiency, and also as a molecular assistant to screen soybean varietis with tolerance to low phosphorus.

Excavation and Polymorphism Analysis of EST-SSR from Transcriptome of Tartary Buckwheat

LI Rui-yuan1,PAN Fan2, CHEN Qing-fu2, SHI Tao-xiong2*

2015, 17(4):  42-52.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.154

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In this study, a total of 45 699 ESTs derived from deep sequencing of seed transcriptome in tartary buckwheat were used for screening of SSR loci. Using MISA software, a total of 2 700 SSRs were detected in 2 624 ESTs, and the mean distance between SSRs was 1/1.73 kb. The proportion of EST contained SSR was raised with the length of EST increasing. Higher proportion of EST contained SSR was observed among EST with length above 800 bp compared to EST with length below 800 bp. Mononucleotide, dinucleotide and trinucleotide SSRs were major types of tartary buckwheat EST-SSR, accounting for 52.11%, 13.33% and 30.63% of the total SSR, respectively, among which, (A)n, (AG)n and (AAG)n were repeated advantage motifs accounting for 51.85%, 7.11% and 8.93% of the total SSR, respectively. 150 pairs EST-SSR primer were designed and compounded, among which 91 pairs primer (60.67%) yielded ideal PCR products in 40 assessions of tartary buckwheat germplasm resources, and 30 of them (32.97%)showed polymorphic bands with 3.53 alleles per primer pair; polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged between 0.10~0.71, with an average of 0.40. These results indicated that exploring SSR markers from transcriptome EST of tartary buckwheat by large scale was a convenient and feasible way.

Optimization and Comparison of Two Regeneration System of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

WANG Cheng-long1,2, ZHOU Mei-liang2, DONG Xue-ni1,2, TANG Yi-xiong2, SHAO Ji-ron

2015, 17(4):  53-61.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.021

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The establishment of alfalfa high frequency regeneration system is helpful to promote the studies on its genetic transformation. Taking Longdong, Algonquin and Gannong 4 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as experimental materials, this study compared the effects by somatic embryo regeneration and multiple shoots clumps regeneration on alfalfa regeneration cycle and frequency. Meanwhile, different explants and growth regulators were matched to realize further optimization of these 2 regeneration pathways. The results showed that the regeneration effect of Gannong 4 was better 3 alfalfa species and hypocotyl was higher. In callus induction phase adding 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L, in embryoid induction phase adding 1 mg/L KT and 0.5 mg/L NAA, better regeneration effect could be achieved. Adding 1mg/L 6-BA and 1mg/L TDZ in culture medium could get the best regeneration via multiple shoots. Regeneration via multiple shoots clumps pathway had shown excellent superiority. Its regeneration time was only 10 weeks, which was an alternative way for the establishment of alfalfa regeneration system.

Research Progress on Occurrence of Tobacco Black Shank and its Integrated Control

ZHANG Kai, XIE Li-li, WU Yun-jie, ZHANG Xiao-quan, YANG Tie-zhao*

2015, 17(4):  62-70.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.145

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Tobacco black shank is a soil borne fungi disease caused by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. In recent years，the large area occurence and wide spread of this disease has caused serious losses to tobacco industry in China, and threated its sustainable development. This paper discussed from the following 3 aspects：the occurrence process of tobacco black shank，the factors influencing the disease outbreak, and the integrated control method and effect. The paper suggested that biological control was the key development direction for preventing and controlling tobacco black shank in the future, more emphasis should be put on studying the pathogenesis and biological control mechanism of the disease. It also propost that systematic research should be carried out in combination with other control measures, so as to strive for exploring more feasible methods to prevent and control black shank disease.

Exploration of Cartilage Development Using Deer Antler Model

LU Xiao, SUN Hong-mei, ZHANG Wei, LI Chun-yi*

2015, 17(4):  71-77.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.059

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Studies on cartilage tissues has been relying on  embryo model of mammals. This method has difficulties in obtaining material and clearly defining layered boundaries. While, the antler is unique that can be used as a new biomedicine model to study cartilage development. Through  comparing the traditional cartilage research model with the new antler model, this paper analyzed the advantages of antlers being a new cartilage research model; reviewed the turning up of antler cartilage and tissue foundation of its growth, and molecular regulation mechanism; discussed the regulatory factors in angiogenesis of antler cartilage, so as  to provide theoretical basis for finding a more effective model in studying cartilage development.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Hexamerin Gene from Acrida cinerea (Acridoidea: Acrididae)

2015, 17(4):  78-84.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.156

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Hexamerin is a key functional protein in insect growth and development. In order to investigate the structural and space-time expression characteristics of hexamerin (AcHex-2) from Acrida cinerea, the complete 2 217 bp cDNA of AcHex-2 was obtained by RACE technology, which encoded a 673-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 78.80 kDa. RT-PCR method was adopted to analyze the relative expression level of this genes space-time expression. The result exhibited that AcHex-2 gene was both expressed in nymphal and adult stages. The expression level remarkably increased in the third instar, and reached the top in the intermediate fifth instar, but the expression levels were reduced in the early adult stages. In adult males and females, the relative expression of AcHex-2 was significantly higher in abdomen, fat body, 12-day-old testes and ovaries compared to other tissues, midgut had the lowest expression level. The relative expression of AcHex-2 in testes and ovaries was significantly higher on 12th day adult than 5th day adult. The results showed that hexamerin AcHex-2 played an important role in all stages of development and the process of reproduction. This experiment provided references for further studies on hexamerin physiological function, its action mechanism, and pest control counter measures.

Progress on Pullulanase Gene Engineering

LV Jin-zhi1,2, TIAN Jian2, WU Ning-feng2, CHU Xiao-yu2*, ZHANG Feng-ying1*

2015, 17(4):  85-91.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.090

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As a starch debranching enzyme, pullulanase can specifically hydrolyze α-1,6 glucosidic linkages in polysaccharide and change amylopectin into amylose.  Combinating with other amylases, pullulanase is mainly used in food processing industry taking starch as raw material. It can improve starch utilization rate and production efficiency by a large scale. At present,  pullulanases have been expressed in E. coli, Bacillus sp. and Pichia pastoris expression system. However, these expression levels are hard to satisfy the requirement of industry production. This paper summarized the latest research progress made in recent years from the aspects of  heterologous expression, optimization of pullulanase, and molecular modification of enzym protein, so as to lay a solid foundation for searching more effective way to improve  pullulanase expression quantity.

Static Strength Analysis and Experimental Studies on Drive Axle of Track Adjustble Sprayer

WANG Jun, DOU Ling-jing, WANG Jin-jiang, YIN Su-zhen, LI Yong-qiang

2015, 17(4):  92-99.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.260

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In order to ensure the reliability of high-clearance sprayer chassis, directing at a high-clearance and wheel-track adjustable chassis of a self-propelled sprayer, three-dimensional model of its drive axle was built. Finite element analysis (FEA) on its static structure strength was carried out by ANSYS software. Then, a test was designed and the test verification was carried out on these results, it was found that the results of both test measurement and static strength analysis were coincidence. Meanwhile, these results also showed that section size and tube thickness had obvious effect on the static strength of drive axle, and drive axle with section size of 180 mm×130 mm and tube thickness of 15 mm were sufficient to satisfy the requirement for chassis structure strength of a high-clearance sprayer. The maximum equivalent stress and total deformation increased form 159.7 MPa to 285.17 MPa, and from 1.04 mm to 2.52 mm, respectively. In a word, the research findings provided thearetical basis and data support for ensuring the reliability of high-clearance chassis drive axle strength within the wheel-track adjustable scope, and for satisfying the requirement raised within deformation range.

Robust Speech Recognition Method for Agricultural Product Market Information Collection

XU Jin-pu1,2, XU Feng-juan3, ZHU Ye-ping1*, LIU Sheng-ping1, YUE Hui-li1, LIU Da

2015, 17(4):  100-106.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.176

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At present, many portable devices of information collection were designed and applied to agricultural product market information acquisition. Speech recognition has made great progress, and voice interface can be applied to these devices, but the general robust recognition algorithms are too complicated. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed a robust speech recognition method, suitable for the devices operation environment. At first, MMSE amplitude estimator was used to enhance the noisy speech signal and improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the input signal; and then, for the speech distortion and residual noise after enhancement, the cepstrum mean and variance normalization (CMVN) methods were used to compensate. The experimental results showed that the combined algorithm could effectively improve the system correct recognition rate, especially under low SNR (0~10 dB) environment.

Progress on Biochar-based Fertilizer Production Technology and Equipment in China

YUAN Lu-ming1,2, ZHAO Li-xin1, SHEN Yu-jun1, SHANG Shu-qi2, MENG Hai-bo1*

2015, 17(4):  107-113.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.199

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Biochar-based fertilizer is a new type of green fertilize. Its production technology and processing equipment is still using the production standards for organic fertilizer. This paper introduced the research progress made in present production technology and equipment for producing biochar-based fertilizer, laying emphasis on summarizing, analyzing the domestic biochar-based fertilizer manufacture formula, technique and major granulation equipment. On the basis of analyzing the working principle and technical parameters of granulation equipment, granulation technique and its major influence factors, the paper pointed out the direction for further research and development of biochar-based fertilizer granulator.

Studies on Resource Distribution and Gross Control of Animal and Poultry Manure in Hainan Province

LIU Yue1, MENG Hai-bo1*, SHEN Yu-jun1, CHENG Hong-sheng1, HOU Yue-qing1, LIU Hon

2015, 17(4):  114-121.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.2014.728

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In order to evaluate the gross-amount of animal and poultry manure and its effect on evironment in Hainan Province, this paper took the pollutant excretion coefficient of livestock and poultry as basis, used the statistical data collected in 2011, and studies the gross-amount of livestock and poultry manure, COD regional distribution and  nitrogin and phosphorus load on cultivated lands. The paper also made initial assessment about environmental capability and pollution risk of livestock and poultry husbandry in Hainan Province, taking EU standard of limitation for nitrogen application on cultivated land. The results indicated that in 2011, the total ammount of livestock and poultry manure in Hainan Proince was 1 741.75 million t. The mannue resources produced in Haikou, Wenchang, Wanning, Dingan, Chengmai, Danzhou and Ledong 7 cities and counties were over ten thousand tons. The average  nitrogen and phosphorus load per unit area of cultivated land in Hainan Province were 192.72 kg/hm2 (TN) and 54.80 kg/hm2 (TP). Except Haikou, Lingao, Dongfang, Ledong, Qiongzhong, Baisha and Changjiang 7 cities and counties, all the other cities and counties exceeded the EU standard limitation. The environmental capacity for livestock and poultry husbandry in Hainan Province were 1.925 11 million  heads (equivalent based on nitrogen). The actual total amount of livestock and poultry raised were 13.01% higher than the environment capacity for livestock and poultry husbandry. About 11 cities and counties exceeded the environmental capacity for animal husbandry. These results provided references for decision-making on controlling regional gross ammount of animal husbandry, rational distribution, and comprehensive utilization of animal mannue.

Status and Reflections of the Summer Closed Fishing in the East China Sea

YUE Dong-dong, WANG Lu-min*, ZHANG Xun, ZHENG Han-feng, ZHANG Han-ye

2015, 17(4):  122-128.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.113

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Summer closed fishing system is currently the most important fishery resource conservation managements in China seas. The East China Sea is one of the earliest implementation of summer closed fishing system. Firstly, this paper simply combed the improvement history of the East China Sea summer closed fishing system, and then analyzed its the implementation effect and characteristics, and considered fishery resources “temporary culture” function and community-wide support were the most significant features of the system. And then discussed the adjusting trend of the system, and finally, combined with the existing system of summer closed fishing, proposed that strictly implement the double-control policy of “control the marine fish vessel number and control sum power”, establish fishing gear access system, establish inshore capture fishery practitioner access, establish fishing vessels real-time monitoring system, take temporary fishing ban to protect fishery resources, create Fisheries science expert committee system, in order to achieve fisheries sustainable development in the East China Sea.

Screening Nitrogen-Efficient Wheat Genotypes with Plastic Box Filled with Vermiculite

CHAI Jian-fang, ZHANG Cui-mian, LIN Jing, MA Xiu-ying, ZHAO He, WANG Hai-bo

2015, 17(4):  129-134.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.166

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To simplify the process for screening nitrogen efficiency of bulky wheat genotype, plastic boxes were used as cultural vessel with vermiculite and nutrient solution as cultivation medium. 24 wheat genotypes from the Huang-Huai Valley Region were evaluated under 3 nitrogen levels. The results indicated that this method with vermiculite plastic boxes was effective to screen nitrogen-efficient genotypes at different nitrogen levels. Shijiazhuang 8, Han 6172 and Kenong 199 were of high efficient genotypes under low nitrogen condition, Aikang 58 and 092-38 were of high efficient genotypes under high nitrogen condition, and 092-39 was of nitrogen insensitive genotype. Among them, Shijiazhuang 8 was a typical low nitrogen and high efficient variety, and Aikang 58 was a typical high nitrogen and high efficient variety. The screening results were in consistant with the field performances of the material. Therefore, the method of vermiculite culture in plastic box is not only operated simply, but also has obvious screening effect. It could be used in studying wheat nutrient efficiency.

Evaluation of Agriculture Sustainable Development Level in China

XIN Ling, HU Zhi-quan*

2015, 17(4):  135-142.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.274

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Agriculture sustainable development is an essential condition for long-term national economy development. An evaluation index system for agriculture sustainable  development in China was established consisted of 17 indexes, including economic and social development, resource reduction input, resource recycling utilization and ecological environment. This paper evaluated and analyzed the agriculture sustainable  development level in China from 1991-2013 by comprehensive multi-index model method. The results illustrated that the average national level and the levels of 3 big regions of eastern, middle and western  exhibited rising trends. The major factor restricting agriculture sustainable  development in China was resource reduced investment. There was an obvious regional difference existing in  agriculture sustainable development levels in China. The levels of eastern and middle regions were higher than that of western region. According to the result of evaluation, this paper put forward suggestions as providing good policy environment by government for sustainable agricultural development, improving the level of resource reduction investment, implementing 4R principles in all aspects of agricultural production to achieve maximum benefit of agriculture sustainable development.

Policy and Enlightment of Increasing Farmers Income Based on Developed Countries

SONG Li-li1§, MA Xiao-chun2§, YANG Guo-jun3

2015, 17(4):  143-149.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.217

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Agriculture and rural development in China has gained remarkable achievements, and farmers income has kept increasing, since the over 30 years reform and opening-up. However, compared with the agricultural producers of developed countries, or with the urban residents in China, Chinese farmers income level is still low, and the income gap between urban and rural areas, regions and peasants are big. This affects not only the coordinate development of urban and rural economy, but also the harmonious development of whole society. Therefore, this paper analyzed and compared the support policies of increasing farmers income by the governments of the United States, Japan, and China; and put forward policies and measures as paying attention to agricultural legislation, adjusting agricultural subsidy methods, and establishing and improving rural financial and agricultural insurance system according to the preasent supporting policies and existing problems. This paper provided inspiration and reference for developing effective policies to increase farmers income in China.

Empirical Analysis of Beef Supply Response in China Based on Panel Nerlove Model

WANG Wu-jing1, WANG Ming-li1*, JIN Bai-yila2, SHI Zi-zhong3, LIU Yu-feng1

2015, 17(4):  150-156.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.179

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From beef supply view point, this paper analyzed Chinas beef market supply response on the basis of Panel data from 2000-2012 in 29 regions, using classical Nerlove model and extended model. The results showed that the short-term elasticity of beef supply was 0.171 and long-term one was 0.615, both of them were less than 1, meaning inelastic supply. Besides, beef production of lagging one phase and two phase, beef price and mutton price of lagging one phase had significant impact on beef production. This paper mainly analyzed the reasons for inelastic price of beef supply; and based on this conclusion put forward suggestions for developing beef industry in China, including conciously protecting domestic beef industey during trading negotiations process, laying emphasis on supporting reproductive cow breeding, and development and utilization of domestic forage resources.

Studies on Evaluating Modern Agricultural Development Level in Xinjiang based on Factor Analysis Method

AI Hong-juan1,2, JIANG He-ping1*

2015, 17(4):  157-164.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.074

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Modern agriculture is an inevitable direction for agricultural development. In order to objectively and comprehensively measure the development level of modern agriculture and recognize clearly the position of modern agricultural development in Xinjiang, this paper selected 18 indicators reflecting modern agriculture’s material and equipment level,  economic level,agricultural industry structure level, agricultural science and technology level, rural economy development level, and sustainable rural development level; built up the evaluation system of modern agricultural development level; and adopted factor analysis method to evaluate the level of modern agricultural development in Xinjiang and other western regions from 2004 to 2013. The evaluation results showed that in the recent 10 years, the level of modern agricultural development in Xinjiang was in a rising trend, and in the medium to high position among the western provinces and regions. But the natural disaster preventing and control rate in Xinjiang rural areas was very low, agricultural science and technology contribution rate was not high, cultural quality of labor force was still low. According to the above conclusions, the paper put forward suggestions for development of modern agriculture in Xinjiang.

Influence Factors of Grain Yield in the Loess Plateau of Gansu Province During the Latest 20 Years and Analysis on its Future Grain Requirement

FANG Yan-jie, ZHANG Xu-cheng*, HOU Hui-zhi, YU Xian-feng, WANG Hong-li, MA Yi-fa

2015, 17(4):  165-175.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.180

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Taking the statistical data of 36 counties within the jurisdiction of the Loess Plateau of Gansu Province, this paper studied the changing characteristics of grain yield and crop structure from 1991-2012,  and the effect of yield of per unit area and crop structure on the total grain output. On these basis, the paper analyzed the regional grain demand and production capacity in 2030, put forward ways to increase grain production for meeting consumers demand. The results indicated that the total grain yield, yield of per unit area and sown area in 1991 at the Loess Plateau of Gansu Province showed an increasing trend in waving motion; the increase of total output coming from the yield increase of per unit area, and the yield increase of per unit area was mainly contributed by applying plastic film mulching technology, and expansion of corn and potato sown areas. According to forecasting, the grain requirement in the Loess Plateau of Gansu Province in 2030 will be 935.76×104 t, but its production capacity is only 645.48×104 t with self-sufficiency rate of only 68.98%. To solve the problem of grain deficiency, the area of plastic film mulching must be expand to 122×104 hm2, accounting for 79.9% of the total grain sown area; and the quantity of used plastic film should increase to 31 thousand ton. Thus, the average annual yield of per unit area could be increased by 1.76% and the goal of self-sufficient can be realized.

International Patent Analysis for Biological Breeding Technique based on DII

JIN Jun-bao, GAO Feng*, GU Zhi-wen, ZHENG Yu-rong, TIAN Xiao-yang

2015, 17(4):  176-180.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.202

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The biological breeding is helpful to avoid food crisis brought by natural disasters or plant diseases and insect pests. Based on Derwent Innovations Index (DII) of ISI WoK, this paper analyzed the patent literature in biological breeding technique using TI, TDA, etc. tools; and systemetically revealed the present R & D status of biological breeding technology, its hotspots and technological distribution. The result showed that the United States had obvious advantage in the field of biological breeding technology; China took the second place in quantity requested for patent in biological breeding field, but generally the patent quality was not high. Although Pioneer Hi-bred, Monsanto and other international breeding giant enterprises all set up patent layout in the major countries, There were no Chinese enterprises ranked in the top 10 patentee. The above results provided reference meanings for the development and distribution of biological breeding in our country.