Abstract: For a long time, North China Plain, as a major  grain production area, relies mainly on groundwater extraction to sustain agricultural production. Thus, regional water resources safety and ecological security are facing a huge challenge. To achieve the “reducible-exploitation” of groundwater, measures with saving water as the core were proposed by this region. Emphases were put on adjusting plantation structure, developing high-yield and low water consumption crops. Wheat as a principal grain crop of this area is yet a high water consumption crop. Therefore, it is of  important significance to defenit the relationship of wheat production and water resources safety in optimizing agricultural irrigation method and adjusting plantation structure in North China Plain. This paper adopted the method of combining investigation with data collection, studied on the effect of different irrigation methods and plantation structure on wheat yield and water consumption. It also discussed the impact of different production methods on wheat yield and grain security, and suggested that while  implementing “reducible-exploitation” of groundwate, attention should be paid on selecting reasonnable water-saving models or technology based on actual situation, instead of simply reducing wheat acreage in production or  even giving up wheat production.

Key words: wheat, North China Plain, reduce the extraction of groundwater, food security

摘要： 华北平原是我国农业主产区，长期以来，该区域农业生产主要依靠大量抽取地下水维持，区域的水资源安全乃至生态安全面临重大挑战。当前为实现地下水压采，该区域提出了以节水为核心，着力调整种植结构，大力发展高产量、低耗水作物的农业措施，而小麦又是该地区的主粮作物，同时也是高耗水作物，因此，在优化农业灌溉方式和调整种植结构方面明确小麦生产与水资源安全的关系对于实现华北平原农业可持续发展具有重要意义。采用调查和数据收集相结合的方法，研究了不同灌溉方式和种植结构对小麦产量、耗水量的影响，进而探讨不同生产方式对小麦产量以及粮食安全的影响。结果分析认为各地在推进压采地下水措施时应当根据实际情况选择合理的节水模式或节水技术，而不是简单地调减小麦种植面积乃至退出小麦生产。

关键词: 小麦, 华北平原, 压采地下水, 粮食安全